Water Cycle
Biology Honors Period 6
Brynn Dougherty, Anna George, Marvin Gao, and Sarah Holecko
Precipitation
Condensation
Condensation
Transpiration
Surface Runoff
Collection
Evaporation
Evaporation- the process of water changing from a liquid to a gas
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Bodies of water evaporate and provide 90% of moisture in atmosphere.
Water molecules spend 10 days in the air.
Heat energy breaks bonds of liquid water molecules
Evaporation lowers temperature and increases humidity
Human uses:
Salt: evaporation ponds full of saltwater,
water
evaporates, salt is left.
- Swamp cooler: “air conditioner”; pulls in
dry air, water in evaporative pad evaporates,
cools home.
b
Precipitation
Condensation
Condensation
Transpiration
Surface Runoff
Collection
Evaporation
s
Condensation
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GAS → LIQUID
Condensation is the process in which water vapor changes to liquid water.
occurs when water vapor cools or is compressed to the point in which the
water vapor’s saturation level cannot hold.
produces clouds, which then leads to precipitation.
Precipitation
Condensation
Condensation
Transpiration
Surface Runoff
Collection
Evaporation
a
Precipitation
❖ Transportation of water from atmosphere to Earth’s surface.
❖ Water forms:
➢ rain
➢ freezing rain
➢ sleet
➢ snow
➢ hail
❖ Precipitation amounts vary.
❖ Cloud particles fall when more and more water is added through
condensation.
Precipitation
Condensation
Condensation
Transpiration
Surface Runoff
Collection
Evaporation
m
Transpiration
❖ Moisture travels in a plant from its root to small pores in its leaves.
(stomata)
❖ It changes to water vapor and is released into the atmosphere.
❖ 10% of the water in the atmosphere comes from transpiration.
❖ Rates of transpiration vary depending on:
➢ temperature
➢ wind
➢ humidity
➢ soil-moisture availability
➢ type of plant
Precipitation
Condensation
Condensation
Transpiration
Surface Runoff
Collection
Evaporation
a
Surface Runoff
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Precipitation runoff over the landscape.
The ocean acts as a large container of water
that evaporates to become atmospheric
moisture.
The oceans are kept full by precipitation and
also by runoff from rivers and streams.
When water hits the ground it immediately
travels downhill.
All surface runoff is based off of time and
geography of the land.
Precipitation
Condensation
Condensation
Transpiration
Surface Runoff
Collection
Evaporation
Collection
❖ Considered the last stage of the water cycle.
❖ Water “collects” in 1 of 2 places
➢ bodies of water
➢ ground
❖ Plants and animals use collected water.
❖ Water arrives back where it started.
❖ Cycle repeats.
s
Precipitation
Condensation
Condensation
Transpiration
Surface Runoff
Collection
Evaporation
m
Eutrophication
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The enrichment of an ecosystem with chemical
nutrients.
Contains phosphorous and nitrogen.
Natural or man-made process.
Natural eutrophication is shown in lakes and
ponds, in which as they age, a geological process
occurs.
Artificial eutrophication-human activities cause
nutrients to enter bodies of water at an increased
rate, causing increased plant growth, later
killing all or most of animal life in the water
(lakes and ponds)
What is happening to the Hinz and Schuckers farm?
The Hinz and Schuckers ketchup and jam farm is
experiencing the effects of eutrophication:
b
- the chemicals of the fertilizer are getting into
the lake, most likely from runoff rain water
- the chemicals are harmful to the lake and the
life in it.
a
Solution #1
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Reduce the amount of fertilizer used.
Reduced fertilizer will not have as a profound effect on fish in lake.
Install water fountain to clear up excess algae.
Solution #2
b
❖ Replace fertilizer with livestock manure or compost.
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The natural “fertilizer” entering the lake will not pollute or harm the lake as
the current fertilizer is
❖ In addition, use fountain to loosen and clear lake of algae
Human Impact on the Water Cycle
s
❖ Changes in sea level, ocean salinity, and biophysical properties of the
land surface.
❖ This can lead to climate changes over time.
❖ According to a study, “human regulation of river flow and vegetation
clearing has reduced river runoff by around 324 km3 per year...”
❖ The runoff reduction lowers the sea level by .8mm/yr.
❖ Ex: A program was created by the Soviet government to promote
agriculture and cotton growth. This attempt has cut off two of the Aral
Sea’s main water sources. As a result of this, the Aral Sea has dropped
14 meters since the 1960s.
Works Cited
http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycletranspiration.html
http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclecondensation.html
http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercyclerunoff.html
http://toxics.usgs.gov/definitions/eutrophication.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=al-do-HGuIk
http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/gornitz_02/
http://www.columbia.edu/~tmt2120/introduction.htm
http://www.creditvalleyca.ca/watershed-science/our-watershed/the-water-cycle/how-humans-affect-the-water-cycle/