Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
Science Fair
Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
www.flasf.on.ca
Prefair Report
1201
Annika Dringenberg
Div/Cat
Physical and Math / Primary
Title:
Maple Candy Madness
Summary:
Question: How does temperature affect the properties of maple syrup candies?
Method:
Step 1. Heat 1 cup (250 mL) of pure maple syrup in a pot over medium heat. Stir occasionally.
Step 2. When it starts to boil, use a candy thermometer to measure the temperature of the maple
syrup. Stir frequently.
Step 3. Every time that the temperature is in the following ranges, drop 3 teaspoons of maple
syrup onto a greased baking pan, leaving some space in between drops.
Ranges:
230-235 degrees F/ 110–113 degrees Celsius
245-250 degrees F/ 118-121 degrees Celsius
255-260 degrees F/ 123-127 degrees Celsius
270-280 degrees F/ 132-138 degrees Celsius
300-310 degrees F/ 149-154 degrees Celsius
Step 4. After the drops cool, make observations on the color, transparency, texture, caramelization,
flexibility, and taste of the candies.
Observations:
The higher the temperature when I made the drop of maple syrup, the darker the candy was.
Also, the higher the temperature, the less transparent was the candy. I thought the lower the
temperature, the stickier the candy was. Also, the higher the temperature, the smoother it was.
Until the very high temperature range all the candies seemed caramelized. All the candies got less
flexible as we moved into the higher temperatures. I think that the lower the temperature the
sweeter the candy was.
Conclusion:
Overall, there were differences in the kinds of candy I could make from pure maple syrup,
depending on the temperature. This could be useful to make your favorite candies yourself at home
without the cost of buying them at the store.
Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
Science Fair
Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
www.flasf.on.ca
Prefair Report
1202
Richard Ovey
Div/Cat
Physical and Math / Primary
Title:
Awesome Aerodynamics
Summary:
AWESOME AERODYNAMICS
The purpose of my experiment is to measure the effect on the speed of a car when the angle of the
wing is altered. My hypothesis is that when the wing angle is steep the car will go slower than
when the wing is flat and the results of my experiment support the hypothesis. The relationship
between the dependent variable, which is the speed of the car, and the independent variable,
which is the variation in the angle of the wing, was very clear.
The procedure I used involved setting up a track with Hotwheels tracks, a stepladder, a clamp and
some track connectors. I also chose a suitable Hotwheels car, assembled a wing using my Lego
pieces and got a stopwatch ready to time the car over 10 different runs for each of 6 sets of results:
three sets for two different tracks with the wing on a steep, flat and shallow angle. The long track
was 5m and had a taller starting ramp which made the average speed faster than the short track
which was only 3m and had a lower starting ramp. I ensured that the track was consistently the
right length and properly lined up by making sure that the track was level with a duct tape mark. I
kept the run-off area swept clean and discounted any runs where the car curved off to the side.
Any time I nudged the wing or the wing looked like it had moved, I checked the measurements of it.
The results for each set of 10 runs were put into a table. For each set, I converted the mean,
fastest and slowest times into speeds and put them on a line graph. The line graph shows that on
both tracks the speed is decreasing as the wing gets more of a steep angle. The range of results
for each test were narrow and the mean, median and mid-range values for each test were close
together. This indicates the results are accurate and worth testing and recording. Although there is
some overlap with the ranges of the speeds for the different wing settings, the positive outcome is
that the mean speed is clearly decreasing which means that my hypothesis is supported.
My work on awesome aerodynamics is important because it has real life implications for
mechanical engineers, car designers and car manufacturers. They need to know which wing
angles produce the slowest and fastest vehicle speeds so that they can use the information in their
designs and make sure that the wing angle used is the correct one for the purpose of the car, for
example a racing car will need a wing designed for speed but a truck needs a body design to
deliver safety and stability.
Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
Science Fair
Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
www.flasf.on.ca
Prefair Report
1203
Mathieu Mayrand Nicol
Div/Cat
Physical and Math / Primary
Title:
Matchbox Rocket Ride
Summary:
Project type: study
Question/hypothesis:
I wanted to test the angles 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees for matchbox rockets. I wanted
to see the distance each rocket would go. I expected that the rocket would go further at 45 degrees
because projectiles are supposed to go furthest at 45 degrees. But because of the candle and
heat, this did not work. So, I revised my question: I wanted to test different angles, I tested the
angles,20, 25,35,40. I expected that the rocket that was 20 degrees would go shorter distance than
25, 25 shorter than 35, and 35 shorter than 40 degrees.
Design/method:
I made a matchbox launcher and lots of rockets. I put the rocket launcher in the same location, I
measured the angle of the stick at all of the angles (at first 30, 45, and 60 degrees, then for my
revised hypothesis, at 20, 25, 35, and 40 degrees). After I put the rocket on the launcher, I lit the
candle when it was not under the rocket. When it launches I measured how far it launched. I tested
2 rockets, they worked, but the fins fell off, so I changed my questions. I made a lot of rockets but
some failed, because the candle was too close to the match or too far. To be safe don’t be close to
the rockets you can use goggles if you want. I lit the candle before putting under the rockets.
Observations:
I saw white smoke before it launched. One rocket had white smoke liquid come out but it
disappeared or faded away. One rocket caught on fire. I heard the gas escape for one of them.
Some made a popping sound. One fell on the floor and was on fire. Inside the foil was white
powder
After a launch I opened the rocket and saw the burnt phosphorous head of the matchstick (it was
black). The three matches that launched at 35 degrees took longer to launch and went further than
the rockets at 25 degrees. The rockets at 35 degrees took a total of 742 seconds to launch and
went 235 inches. The rockets at 25 degrees took a total of 479 seconds to launch and went 145
inches.
Conclusions
This matchbox rocket can go very fast and far. At 35 degrees the rocket goes further than at 25
degrees. But, maybe the matchbox rocket is not a good rocket to test my specific questions. When
I lit the candle it was sometimes too close to the rocket and it would burn the rocket. Sometimes
the candle is too far and it will take too long or will not heat up. I learned about Isaac Newton so
this is good for a home-made experiment.
Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
Science Fair
Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
www.flasf.on.ca
Prefair Report
1204
Gwyneth Dyzak
Div/Cat
Physical and Math / Primary
Title:
soccer balls
Summary:
Name: Gwyneth Dyzak
Project: Experiment
Name: How Does it Roll?
Hypothesis/Question
I am researching to see how different gasses in a soccer will affect the performance of a soccer
ball. I am testing Oxygen (O2), Octane (C8H18), Helium (He), and Air (multiple gasses). I am
going to test two performance variables, the bounce height and roll distance. I thin that soccer ball
filled with Octane will roll the furthest distance because it is the heaviest (kg/mole). I think that the
soccer ball filled with Helium will bounce the highest because it is the lightest (kg/mole).
Method:
Roll Distance.
I am building a ramp. I am going to place the soccer ball at the top of the ramp and release it.
Gravity is going to carry the soccer ball down the ramp. I will measure how far the soccer ball will
roll. I will do this for each soccer ball filled with each of the 4 gasses (Helium, Octane, Carbon
Dioxide, Air).
Bounce Height
I am going to hold my arms out (height measurement to come) and the soccer balls one at a time.
They will be against a measuring tape and I will record to see how high they bounce. I will repeat
this for each soccer ball filled with each gas.
Observations
Observations to come upon completion of experiment.
Conclusion
Conclusion to come upon completion of experiment.
Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
Science Fair
Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
www.flasf.on.ca
Prefair Report
1205
Jacob Hansen
Div/Cat
Physical and Math / Primary
Title:
Liquid gone...
Summary:
My science fair presentation is about what liquids will evaporate at the fastest rate, my materials I
will need to do my presentation are tap water, orange juice without pulp, plain Perrier and skim
milk. I will use equal measures of each liquid in the same style of cup or pot and I will use the same
heat source at the exact same temperature for each liquid so that they will be the same
temperature and they will eventually evaporate. Based on my research so far I hypothesis that
water will evaporate the fastest because it is the least dense out of all the liquids. Although there is
some speculation that Perrier may be less dense with the carbonation. It's been difficult to get
precise information on this particular liquid. Other materials may include, timer, thermometer and
means of documentation for example. Video, still picture (camera or tablet will be used)paper and
pencil.
My project may give a better understanding of the makeup of liquids and how they react to heat. I
will look for residual components after evaporation. This may indicate impurities or extra elements
within the liquids themselves. I anticipate some interesting residual from the water as it will be
obtained from our tap at my home and our water source is from a dug well.
Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
Science Fair
Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
www.flasf.on.ca
Prefair Report
1206
Amelia Kraai
Div/Cat
Physical and Math / Primary
Title:
Hot air balloons experiment
Summary:
The hot air balloon project is where I would measure sizes of plastic bags and see which one would
stay in the air longest the materials would be plastic bags, a hairdryer, an air heater, and a toaster
for the heating we would also see which heat source is the most helpful by seeing which one could
keep the balloon in the air long enough some of the testing ways would be
1. Finding a safe way to put a hot heat source in the balloon without the danger of burning
and hoping the hairdryer will be hot enough to stay in the air
2. Trying different sized dry cleaner plastic bags with a hair dryer, a toaster, a hot air popper
and see if they stay in the air and then measure how high they got in the air and measure
how long they stayed in the air then record the different heights and material used for that
time of it staying in the air so an example of what I would be recording would be " a 13cm
plastic bag with a hair dryer went 52cm into the air for ten seconds" that's a description of
what my project will be like
Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
Science Fair
Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
www.flasf.on.ca
Prefair Report
1207
Harrison King, Linden Solomon
Div/Cat
Physical and Math / Primary
Title:
How High Can You Go
Summary:
basically our project is about probability [ like the likely hood of something happening] of you
making a specific shot. with a different shoes and does jump height have a factor in how often you
make the shot and what shoe makes you jump the highest. like Nike over Adidas are shoes, boots,
high tops, running shoes like whats the best to choose if your going to play basket ball. so that is
basically are summary but we are going to change the balls to a flat ball, a pumped ball and an
overfilled ball. Our project is basically gonna be really physical [relating to things perceived through
the senses as opposed to the mind ] and its going to be math related, a definition for math is [The
study of numbers, equations, functions, and geometric shapes (see geometry) and their
relationships. Some branches of mathematics are characterized by use of strict proofs based on
axioms. Some of its major subdivisions are arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and calculus ] so this
project is about my favorite sport which is basket ball so we are trying to figure out if different
shoes make you jump higher and make your shooting accuracy go up
Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
Science Fair
Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
www.flasf.on.ca
Prefair Report
1208
Ailsa Kerr
Div/Cat
Physical and Math / Primary
Title:
Things are Heating Up - the Race to the Boiling Line
Summary:
For my project I will be testing how different solvents, solutes and suspensions affect the boiling
point of water, The purpose of this is to find out if there is a quicker and more efficient way to boil
water and also to see if there is a way to get water temperatures up very high using a solute,
suspended solid or mixtures of solvents. It is well known that dissolved salt raises the boiling point
of water but I will be testing different amounts of salt and also sugar as a solute instead. I will also
test flour and sand as suspended solids, and I will also test mixtures of two solvents of water with
vinegar and with milk. I will be using a kettle and a high temperature thermometer to boil the
aqueous solutions and I will always start at the same temperature and with the same volume of
material. I will use a stopwatch to track the time it takes to boil as well as regularly recording the
temperature until I reach boiling temperature. I think that adding sand to the water will make it take
longer to boil and adding milk will make the boiling temperature higher.
Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
Science Fair
Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
www.flasf.on.ca
Prefair Report
1209
Rhys Nicholson
Div/Cat
Physical and Math / Primary
Title:
Scientific Goals: The Cold Truth on Hockey Pucks
Summary:
Introduction: The NHL chills its regulation pucks to make them less bouncy. The purpose of my
experiment was to see if chilling pucks also made them go further and faster, and I wanted to see if
this was true for several different types of pucks: regulation, mid weight and foam pucks. My
hypothesis was that cold pucks would go faster and further than warm pucks, and that the
difference would be largest in the mid weight pucks.
Methods: My procedure involved building a puck launcher out of wood and bungee cord. I used two
bags, one to warm pucks and one to cool pucks. In my ice-covered backyard, I released each
puck and timed and measured its distance travelled. I repeated this 4 times for each puck.
Results: In terms of distance travelled, the cold pucks went further than the warm pucks, except for
the regulation pucks. All the cold pucks travelled faster than the warm pucks, but the difference for
the regulation pucks was actually smaller than 0.5cm/sec. The range between fastest and slowest,
and shortest and longest, for each type of puck, was quite large.
Conclusions: Cold seemed to have little benefit for the regulation pucks, but did make a difference
for the other types of pucks, especially the mid weight pucks.
The cold had only a small effect on the foam pucks, perhaps because the higher air content in the
foam didn’t allow the cold to reduce the friction much.
The cold made a large difference on the mid weight pucks, which have a higher rubber content
than the foam pucks. Cold reduced the friction of the rubber.
The cold didn’t improve the regulation pucks. The chilled rubber meant less friction, but their
heavier weight meant they had less momentum overall. Regulation pucks may have needed a
higher starting force to see a difference.
Note: The NHL may chill their pucks for reasons other than faster/further puck performance, like
challenging stickhandling or anti-puck inertia.
Limitations: I may have needed more trials to be sure that my results are accurate. The ice surface
I used was less smooth than NHL ice. Finally, the way they shoot NHL pucks is different than my
puck launcher and perhaps if more force was used, there might have been a bigger difference in
my results.
Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
Science Fair
Expo-sciences de Frontenac, Lennox & Addington
www.flasf.on.ca
Prefair Report
1210
Timothy Vander Wilp
Div/Cat
Physical and Math / Primary
Title:
Finishing Fast
Summary:
In my church we have a boys group who makes cadet cars from a simple piece of wood, some
wheels, and some axel screws. We shape the car however we want. Later we can add weights to
make it weigh a certain amount. When the cars are ready, we race them down a track. There are
no engines so the cars only move because of gravity.
I want my car to go quickly, so I tested the different weight positions to find the best spot to put the
weight on my car.
The energy to move the car is provided by gravity. The potential energy from gravity gets changed
to kinetic energy as the car drops down the track.
In theory, the car should go fastest (have the most potential energy) if the weight is all the way at
the back (position #7) because the weight would be higher up.
The car went fastest when the weight was in position #5. This is between the middle and the back
of the car. Although this is not where the theory says it should be fastest, other factors come in to
play. The car gets unstable if the weight is too far back and that slows it down.