Tutor Resource 3.15
Energy systems
As humans we have a great ability to move in a diverse manner of ways. We have quick movements that last a few
seconds, reduced speeds that last for several minutes and reduced intensities that can last up to several hours. To allow
us to move in these diverse ways, the body uses different energy systems.
Cells in the body require energy to function. This energy comes from ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate). This is fuelled from
the food we eat.
The body has a small amount of ATP that is naturally occurring. However, once this has been used it needs to be
regenerated using other sources. There are three pathways that are used to regenerate ATP. These are:
•
ATP-CP energy system
•
Anaerobic energy system
•
Aerobic energy system
Each of these energy systems will last for a different amount of time. Below is a short description of the three energy
systems.
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Energy system
Description
ATP-CP system
This system uses the breakdown of the naturally occurring compound creatine phosphate
(CP) to regenerate ATP. There is enough CP to provide 8-10 seconds of high-intensity
energy. It is effective immediately and will generate energy for events such as the long
jump.
Anaerobic system
This energy system works without oxygen. The system breaks down glucose without the
use of oxygen to regenerate ATP. A bi-product of lactic acid is produced through this system.
In large quantities this can be poisonous and therefore this system is used for short bouts
of high-intensity exercise for a period of 2-3 minutes of work, once the ATP-CP system has
been used. This energy system is used for events such as the 400m.
Aerobic energy
system
This energy system works in the presence of oxygen. It breaks down carbohydrates and
fats to regenerate ATP. There is no poisonous bi-product and therefore this system can
generate energy over a longer period of time. The only bi-products that are produced are
water and carbon dioxide. Both are expelled from the body easily. This is the predominant
system used for a marathon.
Level 3 Certificate in Higher Sports Leadership