维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com Vo1 . 16 No. 3( 260- - 271) ACTA SEI SMOLOGI CA SI NI CA May,2003 Art i cl e ID:1 000・ - 9 1 I 6( 2003) 03・ - 0260・ - I 2 Study on the severest real ground m oti on t 一 or sel ■ sm l ■ C de ’ si - gn and l anal ysi ‘ 十 s XI E Li — l i ’ ’( 谢 礼立) ZHAI Chang— hal ’(翟 长 海) i )Sc hoolo fCi vi lEngi ne e r i n gan dAr c hi t e c t ur e ,Har bi nI ns t i t u t eo fT e chn ol o gy,Har bi n I 5 0090,Chi n a 2)I n s t i t ut e o fEngi ne e r i n g Me c hani c s ,Chi na Sei s mol ogi c al Bu r e au, Har bi n 1 5008 0,Chi na A bstract How t o sel ect t he adequat e r eal st rong ear t hquake ground mot i on f or s ei smi c a nal ys i s and desi gn of s t r uct ur es i s an essenti al pr obl em i n eart hqua k e engi neer ing r esearch n d a pr act i ce.I n t he PaDer t he concept of t he sever es t desi n g r ound g m ot i on i s proposed a n d a met hod i s devel oped or f compar ing t he sever i t y of t he r ecor ded s t r ong g r ound mot i ons.By usi ng t hi s met hod t he severes t ear t hqua k e g r ound m ot i ons a r e sel ect ed out as s ei sm i c i nput s t o t he s r uct t ur es t o be desi gned f rom a dat aba s e t hat consi s t s of mor e t ha n ive f t housa n d si ni g ica f nt st rong g round mot i on r ecor ds col l ect ed over t he worl d.The sel ect ed sever est g r ound m ot i ons a r e ver y l i kel y t o be abl e t o dr ive t he s t ruct ur es t o t hei r cri t i cal r espons e n d a t her eby r esul t i n t he hi ghes t damage pot ent i a1 I t i s not e d t hat f or di fer ent . s t ruct ur es wi t h di fer ent pr edom i na nt nat ur al per iods n d a at di fer ent si t es wher e st r uct ur es r e a l ocat ed t he s ever es t desi n g g r ound m ot i ons r e a usual l y di ferent .Fi nal l y,t wo exam pl es re a i I l us rat t ed t o demons r at t e t he r at i onal i t y of t he concept and t he r el i abi l i t y of t he sel ect ed desi n g mot i on. Ke y w ords:t he severest desi gn gr ound mot i on;paramet ers of ground m ot i on;dat abase of ground mot i on; damage potenti al of strong ground m oti on;comprehensi ve m et hod CLC number:P3 l 5. 9 Docum ent code:A Introducti on As sei sm i c i nput ,t he st rong eart hquake ground m ot i on i s t he m ai n cause f or t h e dam age t o ci vil st ruct ures.I n h e sei t sm i c a n alysi s a n d desi gn t h e real st rong g r ound m ot i on i s oft en sel ect ed as sei sm i c acti on or as a ki nd of sei sm i c l oad t o st ruct u re.At present ,whet h er t h e peak accel era— t i on of r ound m oti g on t ransferred f rom sei sm i c i nt ensi ty or gi ven by t he sei sm i c zoni ng m ap , o r h e accel t erat i on val ues gi ven by h e t desi n spect g ra of diferent si t e condi t i on i n al l ki nds of eart h— quake—r esi st ance codes.t h e sei sm i c l oad used i s a n average val ue whi ch com es f rom t h e st at i st i c resul t .Therefore.i t i s far- reach f o r t h e i mport ant st ruct ure desi n i g f onl y accordi ng t o t he peak accel erat i on gi ven by t h e desi n codes a g n d t he desi n g spect ra.I t i s essent i al t o sel ect sui t abl e real r ound g mot i on f or st ruct ure t o be checked.I n fact,al m ost al l t he eart hqua k e.r esi sta n ce codes have t he regul ati on:t he i mpor ta nt st ruct u res,such as l ong—spa n br idges,i r egul r a st ruct u res par ti cul rl a y , st ruct u res of cl s si a icati f on A and t he hi 【 gh—r ise bui l di ngs of whi ch height s exceed t he li mi t at i on , m ust be checked wi t h t i m e— hi st or y a n al ysi s m et hod f or at l east t wo real g r ound—mot i on recor ds ’Recei ved date:2002- 06 14;revi sed date:2002.10- 25;accept ed date:2002.10-25 — . Foundat ion i  ̄t m :Na io t na l Nat ur al Sc i enc e Foundat i on of Chi na( 5989541 0) ;Nat ur al Sc i e nce Found at i on of Hei l ongj i a ng Pr ov. i nce( E0228)and J oi nt Sei smol ogi cal Foundat i on of Chi na( 95- 07- 444) . 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com No. 3 XI E Li . 1 i , et al :SEVEREST GROUND MOTI ON FOR SEI SMI C DESI GN 垒_ N垒LY璺 璺 ! and one m an- m ade r ecord.So how to sel ect t he proper r eal ground m oti ons f or sei sm i c desi gn n d a n al a ysi s i s a ver y i mport ant problem .The severest ground m ot i ons sel ect ed as i nput shoul d sat i sf y h e seism t i c codes i n sei sm i c desi n a g n d a n al ysi s of st r uct ure pri m ari l y.I n a n ot h er word,t h e se- verest ground mot i ons shoul d sati sf y h e peak accel t erat i on a n d si t e cl s si a icati f on speci ied f by t h e eart hqua k e- resi st ance codes n d a h e grou t n d m ot i ons dri ve h e st t ruct ure t o i t s cr i ti cal response n d a h er t eby r esul t i n t he hi ghest dam age pot enti a1 . At pr esent ,t he EL CENTRO r ecor d S)of 1 940 n d a TAFr r ecor d of 1 952 a re i n he t ir f s t pl ace t o be consi dered i n h e t sei sm i c desi n g n d st a ruct ure n al a ysi s.Ⅵ at i s h e t rea s on f or sel ect i ng such records,whet her t he record s a r e t h e sever e st desi n g g r ou n d m ot i ons,a n d whi ch record s ca n be consi der e d a s t h e severest desi n grou g n d mot i on ar e t h e i ssues t hi s Paper t ri es t o sol ve.St u dy ( Naei m,Ande r son,1993)s hows t hat t he val ues of pe k accel a er at i on( 】 ) A) ,pea k vel oci t y( PV) , pea k di s pl acement( PD) ,e fect pea k accel er at i on( EPA) ,efect pea k vel oci t y( EPV)a n d dur at i on of he t EL CENTRO r ecor d( NS)of 1940 re a 338 cr n/ s ,36. 45 cr n/ s ,1 0. 88 cm,290 cm/ s ,30. 77 cm / s a n d 29. 3s,r espect i vely,whi ch onl y rank s 81,87,49,99,62 a a n d 58 i n a dat abase t hat con- si st s of m ore t ha n ive f h ousa t n d si gni ica f n t st rong r ound g m ot i on records col l ect ed over h e worl t d. Evi dent l y,whet h er t h e records shoul d be consi dered a s t h e severed desi gn ground m ot i on i s a pr obl em t hat ought t o be f ur ther h ought t oven h e concept T of h e severest t desi n g g r ou n d mot i ons i s pr esent ed i n t h e papen A recentl y de— vel oped compr ehensi ve met hod f or e st i mat i ng damage pot ent i al of r ound g mot i on ( ZHAI ,XI E, 2002)i s us ed i n s el ect i ng he t s ever est de si gn round g mot i ons.T h e sever es t des i gn rou g n d mot i on corr espondi ng t o di f erent si t e condi t i on a n d di ferent per iod st ruct u re a r e at t ai ned.Fi nal l y,t h e severest desi gn ground mot i ons r e a ver if ied by t wo exampl es. 1 Concept of t he severest des i gn ground m oti on For h e sei t sm i c desi n g n d st a ruct u re a n al ysi s,especi al l y f o r h e g t r eat compl ex st ructure,one of t he most i mport ant t asks i s sel ect i ng t h e proper real g r ound m ot i on f o r desi n .T g h e severest desi n g g r ound m ot i on i s t h e real g r ound mot i on h at t can dri ve t he st ruct u re t o i t s cr iti cal response n d t a h er eby resul t i n t he hi ghest dam age potent i a1.Cl ea rl y,t h e severest desi n ground m oti g on i s concem ed about some sei sm i c envi ronm ent ,whi ch i ncl udes t h e sei smic sever it y n d a si t e condi ti on where st ruct ur es r e a l ocat ed. h e li T terat u re on t h e severest desi gn grou n d m ot i on has not been f ound i n Chi nese a n d abroad so far.T h ough i n f orei n cou g n t ry t h e st u dy on t hi s ha s appea r ed,t h e si n i g ica f nt achi eve— ment has not been gai ned.Naei m n d a Ander s on(1 993)s el ect ed out 1 1 57 hor i zont al component s f 5 a n d pe k a accel er at i on l rger a ha t n 0. 05 g)f r om a at d aba se hat t consi s t s of mor e t ha n 5 000 si n i g ica f n t st rong g r ou n d m oti on record s col l ect ed over t he worl d f r om 1 933 t o 1992.T h en t hey sel ected al l hori zont al component s which ranked i n t h e t op 3O of 1 1 57 component s ba s ed on h e t i ns t r ument al pa ramet er s( Naei m,A n der s on,1993)exce pt br ac ket ed dur at i on O' A,PV,PD,Ⅳ'I D) n d a bas i c s pect r al pa ra m et er s( EPA n d a EPV) .A s et of 84 r ecor ds Wa s sel ect ed i n hi t s mannen Her e I V i s h e abbr t evi at i on of m axi mum i ncrem ent al vel oci t y n d I a D i s t h e abbreviati on of maxi . m um i ncrement al di spl acem ent .Next t h ey compl ement ed t hi s sel ect i on wi t h a subset of 36 re. cord s ,whi ch r e onl a y cha r act er ized wi t h si gni ica f nt l ong durat i on.T h us,a a t d a ba s e of 1 20 records wa s f orm ed.111e desi n ground g m ot i on ha s not been presented t he severest desi n g r ound g mot i ons. but a l ot of i mport n t a f undam ent a li nformati on f o r h e f t orm at i on of desi n g g r ou n d m ot i on concept and sel ect i on of desi n grou g n d m oti on Wa s of fer e d.T h e 1 20 r ecords sel ected by Naei m were not 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 262 AC1- A SEI SM OLOGICA SI NI CA VbI _ l6 cl assi ied accor f di ng t o t he si t e condi t i on.And t h e i nf or m ati on of si t condi ti on of h e 1 t 20 r ecor ds wa s not ofered.So i t is di伍 cul t f or h ese t record s t o be used o r f pract ice. The m ai n pur pose of t his paper ha s t w o.Fi rst l y,t h e concept of desi gn ground m oti on i s pre- sent ed.Secondl y,t h e desi n ground m ot g i ons are gai ned by recentl y devel oped comprehensi ve m et hod f rom a dat aba s e t h at consi st s of more t h an ive f h ousa t n d si n i g ica f n t st rong ground m oti on records coll ect ed over h e worl t d. 2 D atabase for sel ecti ng the severest desi gn ground m oti on Wi h cl t s si a fyi ng t he recor s t d h at we col l ect ed i nt o Chi nese record s a n d forei n records,t g h e s everest desi n g r ound g m oti ons i n hi t s paper are det ermined. Bas ed on t he 1 2O r ecor ds s el ec t ed by Naei m n d a Ander son(1 993) ,52 uni f or ml y pr oces s ed r ecords wi t h speci ic si f t e condi t i on are sel ect ed.N ext a n ot h er 4 r ecords wi h g t r ound- l evel re- corded i n t he 1 994 Nor t hri dge eart hquake are compl em ent ed.Thus.a dat a ba s e of 56 abr oad re- cor ds used by t l 1 i s paper was f or m ed.Af t er t hat ,36 Chi nese r ecor ds( PA l rger a ha t n 80 cr n / s )、 m speci ic si f t e condi t i on a r e sel ect ed f r om t he st rong g r ound m ot ion dat abase of I nst i t ut e of Engi. neer i ng Mecha ni cs( I EM) ,Chi na Sei s mol ogi c al Bur eau.T h e 36 Chi nes e r ecor ds a l e us ed by he t pape ̄ The t w o dat aba s es have f ol l owi ng charact er ist i c:a、No m at ter whi ch damage pot ent i al t o be scal ed,t h e abr oad dat a ba s e,whi ch consi st s of 56 record s shoul d be on t op rank.Li kewi se,t h e 36 Chi nese records have si mi l r a charact er ist i c i n t h e st rong g r ound mot i on r ecord s d at a ba s e col l ect ed i n Chi na ti l l 2001.b、T h e record s oft w o d at a ba s es r e al a l uni o rmly f processed a n d ranked i n t er m of aU ki nds of damage pot ent i al par am et ers.c、A l l of t hese records have comparat i vel y rel i abl e si t e condi t i on. 3 Cri t eri a of sel ect i ng t he severest desi gn ground m ot i on A recentl y devel oped compr ehensi ve met h od or f est i m at i ng dam age pot ent i al of ground m o. t i on i s us ed i n s el ect i ng t he sever es t desi n g round g mot i ons i n hi t s pape ̄a)Fi r st ,t he r ecor s d re a r anked r es pect i vel y i n t er m of al l ki nd s of par a met er s( PA,PV,PD,EPA,EP Dur at i on, I D n d a spect rali nt ens i t i es)whi ch ca n r ef lect he t damage pot e nt i al of s rong t gr ound mot i on.T h e n he t t op r an k r ecords f or m t he prepari ng sel ecti on d at aba s es of severest desi gn ground mot i on.T h e dat abas es ar e t he Chi nese d a t a ba s e a n d t he for eig n d a t aba s e m ent i oned above;b、T h e pr epar ing sel ect i on dat abases of severest desi gn g r ound m ot i on a r e r an k ed agai n for furt her compari ng. Ba s ed on t h e dual fai l ure cri t eri a of di spl acem ent duct i l i t y a n d pla st i c cum ul ati ve dam age.di s. }} } 々 ‘ £} 《 pl acement duct i l it y n d a hyst eret i c energy h at t st and s f o r h e t pl st a i c cum ul at i ve dam age t o st ructure re a us ed t o cha ract er h e t s ever it y of r ound g m ot i on.T h e r ecor ds wi h t hi ghes t val ues of di s pl ac e. m ent duct i l i t y a n d hyst ereti c energy r e a sel ect ed rom f h e t prepari ng sel ect i on a t d a ba s es of severest desi n g g r ound m oti on.A n d h e si t t e condi t i on,nat ural per i od of st ruct ur e a n d regul at i on of codes are consi der ed.T h en h e sever t est desi n g r ound g m ot i ons wi t h di ferent si t e condi ti on n d a di f fer ent st ruct u re per iod r e gai a ned. n t I h e process of sel ect i ng t h e sever est desi n g g r ound mot i on,vari ous param et ers a r e com. pr ehensi vel y consi dered,such a s PA,PV,PD,EP energy dur at i on,di s pl acement duct i l i t y a n d hyst eret i c energy,et c.W i m aU ki nd s of st rong r ound m ot g ion par am et ers m ea s ur ed di rect l y r om f round mot g i on r ecor s a d n d t he par amet er s der ived f r om t he el st a i c a n d i nel st a i c r es ponse . )a n d wi h t vari ous sei sm i c a m age d cr it er ions,t h e real g r ound m ot i on record s rom t f h e pr epared at d a base 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com No. 3 XI E Li . 1 i ,et al :SEV EREST GROUND M OTI ON FOR SEI SM I C DESI GN AND ANALYSIS 263 were com pared.Thus t he event t hat vari ous par am et ers can charact er t h e dam age pot ent i al of st rong ground mot i on i n som e condi ti ons i s admi t ted.M oreover,t h e event h at t t h ese param et ers wi l l not charact er wel l t h e dam age pot ent i al of st rong ground m ot i on i n ot h er condit ions i s al so adm i ted.And h e com prehensi t ve m et h od Ca n f ul l y i nvol ve t h e efect s oft h e i nt ensi t y,f requency cont ent n d a durat i on of r ou g n d m ot i on n d a h e t dynam i c charact er ist ic of st ruct ure. The event of select n g i h e severest t desi gn g r ound m ot i on f rom so m any g r ou n d m ot ions I S a very compl icat ed process,because i t i s afect ed by ma n y fact ors.For n st i ance,t h e severest desi n g r ound mot g i on cor respondi ng to di ferent g r ound m ot i on pa r am et er s a n d di ferent st ruct ure pa- r amet er s( pe iod,damp,duct r i l i y,hys t t e r et i c mode1 )may be di fe r ent .I t i s i mpos s i bl e t o se l ect one ki nd of severest desi gn g r ou n d m ot i on for each possi bl e pa ra m et ers com bi n at i on.But i t m ust con- si der t he efect of hi t s di ference i n sel ect i ng t h e severest desi n g g r ound m oti on.The efect of vari ous fact or s i s consi dered when ranki ng agai n h e prepari t ng sel ecti on dat abases of severest de- si n ground m ot g i ons.Here several ba si c cone印 t s are present ed,aft er t hat t h e ef rect of vari ous f act ors i s n al a yzed. 3. 1 Several basi c concept s 1 )Di s pl acement duct i l i y t : _ “ ( 1) whe r e i s t he di spl acement duct i l i y,V t ma x maxi mum di s pl ace ment of i ne l st a i c syst em,v y he t yi el d di spl acement of syst em . 2 Yi el d s rengt t h coef ici ent( or ie y l d r es i s t ance s ei s ic m coef ici e nt ) F Cy= where ( 2) i s h e t st rengt h oft he syst em , g t 1 1 e efect w ei ght oft he syst em . 3、H yst r et e i c energy h e T hys t e r et i c ener y g i s ga i ned by s ubt r act i ng he t el st a i c s rai t n ener gy [ , ( f ) ] / 2k rom f t ot al s t r a i ne n e r y ̄ g f ( t ) d v : E ( f ) J o f ( t ) d v 一寺【 厂 ( f ) 】 ( 3 ) whe re i s he t hyst er et i c ener gy, f )r es t or ing f or ce,k s t i fness of s ys t em,’ ,r el at i ve di s pl ace ment . 4)Equi val ent vel oc i y t of hys t er et i c ene r gy( Mas ayoshi ,et al ,1 996) 1 = ÷m / wher e m i s h e t mass of syst em , ( 4 ) equi val ent vel oci t y of hyst r et e ic energ y. 3. 2 Fact ors consi dered i n com pari ng t he dam age pot ent ial of ground m ot ions w i th di s- placem ent ducti l i ty and hystereti c energy Ba s ed on he t dual s ei s i c m da mage c ri t er ion ofdi s pl ac ement duct i l i y t n d a cumul at i ve damage, ZHAI n d a XI E( 2002)s hows he t combi nat ion of he t di s pl ac ement duc t i l i y t n d a hyst e r et i c ener gy h at t character s cum ul ati ve dam age t o st ructure Ca n rel i abl y denot e t h e dam age of st rong g r ound mot ion t o st ruct ure whe n t h e sei smi c response of t he st ruct u re ent er s i t s i nel s ti a c phase.W hen ca1 . cul at i ng di s pl acement duct il i y t a nd hys t re e t i c ener gy,t he f ol l owi ng ss a umpt ion s re a made. 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 264 ACTA SEI SM 0L0GI CA SI NI CA v01 .1 6 3. 2. 1 B asi c assum pti on As the charact er ist ics of real st ruct ure under t he sei sm i c acti on a r e part i cul rl a y diferent ,t h e hysteret i c m odel s a r e vari ous,which i ncl ude bil i near m odel ,t ri. 1 n ear i m odel and Cl ough m odel , et c.The bi l i near m odel has t h e charact er ist i c of si mpl e f orm a n d cal culati ng conveni entl y,a n d i t ca n ref lect nat u ral cha r act er of h e sei t sm i c response.The bi l i near m odel i s used wi del y a n d i t i s t he basi c m odel f o r st u dyi ng sei sm i c r esponse of i nel s ti a c st ruct ure.So bi l i near modeli s assumed i n cal cul at i ng dis pl acement duct i l i t y a n d hyst ereti c energy.Besi des,t h e f act ors i nf luenci ng di s- pl acement duct il i ty a n d hyst ereti c energy a r e cha r act er ist i c of st ruct u re,such as per iod,dam p, yi el d resi st n ce sei a sm i c coem ci ent .di spl acem ent duct il i t y n d a h e t val ues of st i ff ness af ter yi el di ng, et c.As showi ng i n T, l e 1.t wo ear thquake r ecords ar e sel ect ed as i nput t o a n al yze t he i nf luence fact ors.The records sel ect ed a r e i ntended t o cover at l ea st t w o t ypes of ground m oti ons,na m el y nea r .f ield,short durat ion,impul si ve type g r ound m ot i on,a s B2 r ecord;a n d f r —f a iel d,l ong dur at i on, rel at i vel y severe and sym m et ri c t ype cycl i c exci tati on,as B1 record. Tabl e 1 Speci icat f i on of t he t wo recor ds 3. 2. 2 The condi t i ons( const ant duct i l i t y or c ons t ant s t rengt h)of compari ng di s pl acement ducti l i t y and hystereti c energy of di i erent f ground m oti on In sei sm i c response a n al ysi s. t h e dynam i c param et ers of st ruct u re m ai nl y i ncl ude f o at , na m el y:da m p.di s pl acement duct i l i t y( or yi el d r es i st a nce s ei smi c coef i ci ent ) ,hys t er et i c model n d a st ruct ure per iod.To hyst eret i c energy,i f hyst eret i c m odel rbi li near m odel a s sum ed i n t hi s pa. per )i s gi ven,t he pa r amet er s of s t r uc ur t e hat t def ine round g mot i on hys t e r et i c ener gy wi l l be pe- r i od of s t r uct ur e vi s cous dampi ng at r i o a n d di s pl aceme nt duct i l i t y/ . t( cons t ant duct i l i t y s pect r a ) or per iod of s t r uc ur t e vi s cous da mpi ng at r i o and yi el d r esi s t ance s ei sm ic coemci ent ( con. s t ant s rengt t h s pect ra) .Thus ,t he hys t er et i c ener gy of Si ngl e Deg ree of Fr eedom ( SDOF)s ys t em under t he eart hquake ca n be expressed as fol l owi ng: S= -S( D, 专 or S= -S( D, 专 C ) ( 5) where S i s hyst eret i c energy,D i s t he hyst eret i c m ode1. I n compari ng t h e da m age pot ent i al of di ferent st rong g r ound m oti on wi h hyst t eret i c energy, general l y t here a r e t w o ways:under const ant ducti l i t y condi t i on or u n der const ant st rengt h t o compa r e t he dam age pot ent i al of di ferent st rong r ound g m oti on.Two w ays r e i a denti cali n h eory. t But whi ch way is m ore conveni ent ? Fi gures 1 a n d 2 show t h e hyst eret i c spect ra of const ant s rengt t h( =O. 05,0. 1 0,O. 20,O. 40)a n d hys t er e t i c s pect ra of cons t ant duc t i l i t y( 声 F2. 0,3. 0,4. 0, 5. O) .I n he t ig f ur es,T n d a cor r es pond t o he t per iod of s t r uct ur e n d a t he equi val ent vel oci t y of hyst eret i c energy.It ca n be observed t h at .hyst eret i c spec仃a of const nt a st r engt h have not a n y reg u l ari t y a n d t he vari n ce of a i t i s very l arge.But t h e reg u l ari t y of hyst eret i c spec仃a of const nt a duct i li ty i s bet t er and t he varia n ce of i t i s sm al 1 .So com pari ng t h e dam age pot enti al of diferent r ound g m ot i on i S perf or m ed wi h t t he hyst eret i c spect ra of const ant ducti l i t y. I n com pari ng t he da m age pot ent i al of di ferent st rong g r ound mot i on wi h di t s pl acement duc- t i l i ty,l i ke compari ng wi h t hyst eret i c energ y ,t here a r e t w o w ays:com pari ng t h e dis pl acem ent duc- ti l i t y of st ruct u re under t h e condi t i on of const ant st rengt h,a n d comparing t h e yi el d resi st ance sei sm i c coem ci ent dem a n ded by st ruct ur e i n ca s e of const ant duct i l i t y.Two ways a r e i dent i ca1 .As 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com No. 3 XI E Li . 1 i ,et al:SEV EREST GROUND M OTI ON FOR SEI SM I C DESI GN AND ANA LYSI S 265 yi el d resi st ance sei sm i c coef ici f ent of st r uct ure i ncreasi ng,t he sei sm i c res ponse decreases and h eref t o re t h e di spl acem ent ducti l i t y decrea s es.On t he ot h er ha n d,as yi el d resi st ance sei sm i c coef- ici f ent of st r uct ure decr easi ng。t h e sei sm i c response i ncr ea s es a n d t h erefor e t h e di spl acement duc— t i l i t y i ncrea s es.For a gi ven yi el d resi st ance sei sm i c coem ci ent of str uct u re.t here i S a di spl acement duct i l i t y correspondi ng t o i t.i nversel y,i t i S t h e sam e.So com pari ng h e di t spl acement duct i l i t y of st ruct u re i n case of const ant st rengt h a n d compari ng t h e yi el d resi st n ce sei a sm i c coem ci ent de— ma n ded by st ruc: t ure i n case of const ant di spl acement duct i l i ty are sam e.But i n order t o keep con— si st ent wi t h t h e hyst eret i c energy’t h e yi el d resi st n ce sei a sm i c coem ci ent demanded by st r uct ure iS compa r ed i n case of const ant di s pl acem ent duct i l i t y.I n a word,t he event of sel ecti ng t h e sever est desi gn ground m ot ions wi t h di spl acement duct i l i t y n d hyst a eret i c energY i S em bodi ed by com par— i ng t he yi el d resi st n ce sei a sm i c coefnci ent a n d hyst eret i c ener gY dem a n ded by dif ierent st ruct ur es i n case of const nt a di spl acem ent duct i l i t y,sam e dam pi ng n d a hyst eret i c m ode1 . 1.2 1 0.8 g 目 0.4 0 0.0 0 0 4 Fi gur e 1 Hys t er et i c spect r a of cons t ant st r engt h 1 7 一 瘩 曼 o 【 l /s l Fi gur e 2 Hyst eret i c s pect ra of const nt a duct i l i t y 3. 2. 3 Inf luence of structure param eters on strong ground m oti on hyst ereti c energy 1 )I nf luence of hyst er et i c model( mai nl y r ef ere d t o t he s econd s t i fnes s of bi l i near mode1 ) . The i nf luence of second st ifness of bi l i near model on hyst eret i c energy i S shown i n Fi gure 3. wher e 口i S t he rati o of second st i fness t o t he f ir st st i fness.The ra n ge of口 i S f rom 0 0 t o 0. 4 a n d . when 口 equal t o 0. 0,t h e bi li near m odel wi l l becom e el ast i c- perfect l y pl asti c m ode1 I t can be ob— . served t hat t he hyst er et i c energy spect ra a r e general l y i nsensi t i ve t o t he val ues of t he second st i f f- ness of bi li near mode1.T h e r n ge of a hyst eret i c energy spect ra peak val ue keeps wi t hi n 1 0% of t he pea k val ue f0r t he gi ven range of .Thus.t l 1 e efect of s sum a i ng el s ti a c- perfect l y pl ast i c m odel i s rel ati vel y smal l for h e r t esul t . 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 266 ACTA SEI SM OLOGI CA Sn、 j I CA v01 . 16 Fi gur e 3 I nf luence of hys t eret i c model( mai nl y r ef er r ed t o t he second st i f f nes s of bi l i near mode1 )on hys t eret i c ener gy( : 4) 21 I nf luence of di spl acem ent duct i l i t y.Fi gure 2 shows t he hyst er et i c ener gy spect ra of di s— pl aceme nt duct i l i t y 2,3,4,5) .The ig f ur e i ndi cat es t ha t hys t er et i c e ner gy s pect r a ar e ge ner al l y i nsensi t i ve t o t he l evel of di spl acem ent duct il i ty.T h e range of h e hyst t eret i c ener gy spect ra peak val ue keeps wi hi t n 1 0% of the peak val ue f or h e t gi yen di spl acement duct i l i t y ra n ge.So,onl y one l e vel of di s pl aceme nt duc t i l i y t i s cons i der ed i n s el ect i ng h e t s eve r es t des i gn gr ound mot i ons . 3)I nf luence of da mp.T h e i nf lue nce of dampi ng( dampi ng r at i o乒 O. 02,O. 05,0. 1 0)on hys — t e r et i c ener gy i s s hown i n Fi ur g e 4,wher e di s pl acement duct i l i y equal t t o 4.Fr om he t f igur e, we ca n see vi scous dam pi ng afect s hyst er et i c energy a g r eat deal ;a l arger c\vi scous dam pi ng gi ves a sm all er hyst eret i c energ y .T h e di ference of hyst eret i c energy spect ra pea k val ue wi l l reach 20% -30% wi h t da m pi ng r at i o equal t o O. 02 a n d O. 10.I t i s Ca n be observed h at t h e t t rend ofhys— t er et i c ener gy spect ra f o r di ferent da m pi ng i s nea rl y sam e.T h e dam pi ng rat io 5% of st ruct ure i s assum ed i n hi t s paper. I 2 i,0 一 0.8 E E 0.5 0.4 0.0 0 } l 2 0 2 Fi gur e 4 I nf luence of dampi ng on hyst er et i c ener gy( F4) 3. 2. 4 Infl uence of structure peri od The yi el d resi st ance sei sm i c coe伍 ci ent a n d hyst eret i c energy dem anded by st ruct u re i n case of const ant di spl acem ent duct il i ty have rel at i on wi h st t ruct ur e per iod.Dur ing di ferent st ruct u re per iod r n ge.t a he val ue of he t iel y d r esi s t n ce a s ei s mi c toe伍ci ent a n d hyst er et i c ener gy may be di ferent.And i t i s i mport ant a n d unnecessary for sel ect i ng t he severest g r ound m ot i on f or st r uc. ur t e of ever y per iod.Bas ed on s t udy ing a reat g deal i nel st a i c r es pons e spect r a n d a ene r y g spect r a, we f ind t hat consta nt duct i li t y spect ra a n d hyst er et ic energy spect ra dur ing t h e short per iod range ( 0 ̄0. 5 s) ,m i ddl e per iod r ange( 0. 5-I. 5 S)and l ong pe iod r r a nge(1. 5-5. 5 s )wi l l keep a r el at i ve 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com No. 3 XIE Li .1 i ,el al :SEVEREST GROUN D M OTI ON FOR SEISM I C DESI G N AND ANA LYSIS 267 steady f orm .So i n t hi s paper t h e st r ucnl re per iods are di vi ded i nto t hree part s:short per iod range ( 0-0. 5 s ) ,mi ddl e per iod r ange( O. 5-1. 5 s )a n d l ong per iod r n ge( a 1. 5~5. 5 s ) .The se ver es t desi gn gr ound m ot ions correspondi ng t o di ferent si t e condi t i on a n d di ferent per iod ranges a r e sel ect ed respect i vel y.Fi gures 5 a n d 6 show t h e mea n const n t a duct i l i t y spect ra a n d mea n hystereti c energy spect ra of 56 records col l ect ed i n f orei gn count r y.The f igures prove t hat t he shape of const ant duct i l i t y s pect ra a n d hyst eret ic spect ra keep a rel at i ve st eady f or m dur ing t h e t hree per iod r anges m ent i oned above. T 鲁 Fi gure 5 M ea n const nt a duct i l i t y s pect r a Fi gur e 6 M ea n hys t er eti c ener gy spect ra 3. 2. 5 Inf luence of si te condi ti on and peak val ue of accel erati on h e T real ground mot i on si t e condi t i on shoul d be consi st ent wi t h t h e si t e of st ruct ur e i n prac. ice,l r i kewi se,t h e peak accel erati on of r ound mot g i on shoul d equal t o t h e val ues of codes.So i n select i ng t he severest r ound g m oti ons,i t shoul d be sel ect ed f or di f erent si te condi t i on n d a t he real r ound g mot i ons shoul d be scal ed t o desi n accel g erat i on speci ied f by code.I n thi s PaDer,t h e acce1 . erat i on of real g r o ̄ d m ot i ons a r e nor m al i zed t o t h e sal Tl e l evel bef ore com par ing t he damage po. tent i al of di f ferent r ound g mot i on wi m i t s pa r am et er s. 4 Process of sel ecting the severest design ground m oti on Fi st r ,t he s t r uct ur e per iods a re di vi ded i nt o t hr ee par t s:s hor t per iod r n ge( a O—0. 5 s) ,m i ddl e pe iod r r n ge( a O. 5-1. 5 s )a n d l ong per iod r n ge(1. a 5-5. 5 s ),a n d he t si t e condi t i on of r ound g mot i on i s c l a ss i ied f i nt o our f cl as si ica f t i ons( I ,I I ,I I I ,I V)i n t e m r of code GB500 1 1. 200 1.Ne xt ,t he yi el d resi st ance sei sm i c coe伍 ci ent a n d hyst eret i c energy demanded by st ruct u re under dif f erent ground mot i on( i n ca se of cons t nt a duct i l i t y)a re cal cul at ed.Accor di ng t o t he val ues of he t yi el d r esi s t nc a e seismic coem ci ent a n d hyst eret i c energy t h e f inal ranks of r ound mot g i on cor espondi ng t o di f- ferent cases a r e gai ned.Because of h e space l t i mi a ti t on.t h e detai l s of r ound m ot g i ons a r e pre. s ent ed i n 1 i t er at ur e( ZHAI .2002) .Fi nal l y,accordi ng t o he t r anks of yi el d r es i s t n ce a sei s mi c coe f - ici f ent and hyst ereti c energy dem a n ded by st ruct ur e under di ierent f ground m ot i on,t he t op rank t wo forei n r g ecords a n d t op rank one record i n Chi nese prepari ng sel ect i on dat abase a r e sel ect ed as he t se ver es t desi n g r ound g mot i ons( t ot al 1 8 r e cor ds ) .Her e i f w o t r ec or ds re a w o t compone nt s of one r ound g m ot i on,t he t w o records a r e consi dered as one.And h e t t r ee h records shoul d be co1 . 1 ect ed i n di ff erent eart hquake a n d di ff erent si t e st at i on.Fi f t een g r oups of severest desi n g g r o ̄ d mot i ons( el even f or ei n g g roups a n d f our Chi ne se g roups )a re pr es ent ed by compl ement i ng t he cor espondi ng ot h er com ponent s.Tl l e severest desi n ground g m ot i ons cor espondi n g di ferent si te condi t i on n d a di ferent st rucnJre per iod r e a shown n i Table 2. 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 268 ACTA SEI SM OLOGI CA SI NI CA Vb1 . 16 Tabl e 2 The s everest desi gn ground mot i ons of s i t e I ,II ,II I and I V Short -period st ruct ure i nput Mi ddl e-p e rio d st ruct ure i nput l ong- e ri p od st ructure i nput ( 0. 0- 4) . 5 s ) ( 0. 5-1 . 5 s ) ( I. 5 -5. 5 s) Si t e C0n - di ti on G rou p Rec0rdn揶 e c。mp G rou . N。 N。 . J l985,La Uni on, N90E* Mi choacan N0OE★ M exi co Ver t l994,Los Angel es 360* Rec。r dn揶 e c。mp. Rec。r dn揶 e c。mp. . Fl 1985,La Uni on, Mi choacan F2 N90E Fl N00E* M exi co Ver t l994,L o s Angel es 360* Grif it h Observati on, 270 Gri 币 th Obser。 270 Northr idge Ver t rati on,Nor thr idge Ver t F2 l985,La Union, N90E Mi choacan N00E* M exi co Ver t l994,Los Angel es 360* Gri i th Obser_ f t hr idge vati 0n Nor 270 Ver t , Ⅳl l988,Zhut ang A, S00E* Langcang S90E Nt 1988,Zhut ang A, Langcang Ven I l I97I,Cast ai c N69W * Ol dbri dge Route, San Fem ando 1979,El Cent ro, Ar r ay#l 0 N69W * . I mp e ri alVal l ey I ll Ⅳ】 F9 N2IE Ar r ay#10, Ver t lmp e ri alVal l ey F5 N2IE I952,Ta , N2IE★ Kem Count y Ver t Gengr naI S90E l984,Coyote Lake 285★ Dam,M organ Hi l l l95 l8O Fs N69W 1952,Ta , N2 I988,Gengr na, Gengm al S00E* Fl2 1988,Gengr na, S00E* Gengm al S90E Ver t N2 S90E Vert l940,El Ce nt ro- l8O l940,El Cent ro- l8O I mp Vl al l I r r Dis t, 270* I m p Vl al l I r Dist , 270* ElCent ro Ver t 1966,Chol m e a N65E* 270★ Shandon Array 2. ≠≠ Ver t Parkf iel d Ver t 1 988,Ge ngr na, So0E★ l988 ,Gengr na, S00E* Gengr na2 S90E Gengma2 S90E Ⅳ】 F5 ElCent ro Vert l952,Ta , N2lE★ Ker n Count y N69W 1 988,Gengma, S00E* Gengr na2 S90E Vert Ⅳ】 Vert Fs Ver t N2IE★ N69W Ver t F7 N2IE Ker n County Ver t ElCen ̄o Vert I949,Ol ympi a 356* 1949,Ol m pi y a 356* HwyTest Lab, 86 HwyTest Lab, 86 HwyTestL a b, 86 W estern W ashi ngton Vert W est ern W ashi ngton Vert We st ern W a s hi ngt on Ver t 198l,W est m or and W es tmorel and 90* 0 1984,Parkf ield Faul t Zone 14 90* 1979,El Cent ro 23O★ 1 976,Ti an j i ng WE* Hospi tal ,Tangshan SN Vert { V n Array#10, Flo Vert I t } } N69W * l mper ialVal l ey M Fs Fll 1949,Ol m pi y a 356* 0 Arr ay#6, 1 40 Coal i nga Vert I mp er i al Val l ey Ver t l 976,Ti anj i ng WE* 1 976。Ti anj i ng W E* , Ⅳ. I979,El Cen ̄o, Ver t Ver t I V S90E N2IE S00E* . S00E* Langcang N69W * 1988,Gengrna, 1 940,El Cent rol mp Vl al Il rr Di st 1988,Zhut ang A, I979,El Cen ̄o, Ven F7 Nt S90E V n Vert F6 S00E* Hospi tal ,Tangshan SN* Vert Ⅳ. Hospit al , Tangshan SN Ver t Not e:固 Sy m bol ★ denotes the component of gr ound moti on.by whi ch t he g r ou n d moti on Wa s s el ected a s t he severest desi gn r ound g mot i ons.The r ecor ds t hat have no sy m bol”★”denot e other ones col l ect d e i n h e t same si te;0 Sy m bol” denot es t he r ecords f rom out si de oft he count r y and sy m b o l p denot e Chi nese r ecor ds;Q Sy m b o l 幸掣 denotes t he com p o nent s t hat are not avai l abl e Here i t shoul d be noted,t he Chi nese severest ground m oti ons i n t hi s paper are severest onl y f or cur rent Chi nese g r ound m oti ons not f o r f orei gn g r ou n d m ot i ons.As t h e quant i t y of Chi nese st rong r ou g n d m ot i ons i s very sm al l,especi al l y f or h e nea t r ・f iel d st rong g r ou n d m ot i ons,t h e Chi . nese severest r ound g m ot i ons r e a far from h e t severest i n t h e worl d. 5 Exam pl es The severest desi n g g r ound m ot i ons a r e veri ied f by com pari ng t h e sei sm i c response of st ruc. t ure under h e sever t est desi n g r ound g m oti ons n d a h e t comm onl y used r ou g n d mot i ons. 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com No. 3 XI E Li . 1 i ,el al :SEVEREST GROUND M OTI ON FOR SEISM I C DESI GN AND AN ALYSI S 269 5. 1 Exam pl e 1 The Zhengda Square of Fuzhou i s l ocat ed at t he cent er of Fuzhou.The mai n bui l di ng i s a hi gh- ise buil r di n g wi h rei t nf orced concret e and shear w al ls.I t s hei ght i s 1 62 m .T h e i nel ast i c sei smi c response progr am of DRA I N一 2D i s used i n t hi s exampl e.T h e sei sm i c i nel s ti a c response t i me hi s t or y of he t bui l di ng i s per for med under he t ma j or ea rt hqua ke of Fuzhou.T he ir f s t per i od n d a secondper iodofst ruct urea r e 2. 6944 sa n d O. 732 5 s. Four s ̄ong ground mot i ons a r e sel ect ed f or i nput,a m ong whi ch t hree s ̄ong r ound g m ot i ons re a pr ovi ded by si t e des i gn g rou n d mot i on par amet er s r epor t of Zhengda Pr o ject i n Fuzhou,t he o urt f h i s t h e severest desi n g g r ound m oti on recom mended by t his paper.T h e pea k accel er at i on cor r es pondi ng t o ma j or ea r t hqua k e i s nor m al i zed t o 230 cr r gs .T h e our f round g mot i ons re a f ol — l owed: 1 )Ma n— made round g mot i on; 2)El Cent r o( NS)of 1 940 r ound g mot i on; 3)Hol i s t er of 1 961 gr ou n d mot i on; 4)El Cent r o( WE)of 1940 rou g n d mot i on. Under h e f t our g r ound m oti ons ment i oned above,t h e di spl acem ent of h e m t a i n bui l di ng t op st or y i s gai ned.T h e absol ut e maxi m um di spl acement a n d m axi m um di spl acem ent a n gl e of h e t pea k poi nt r e l a i st ed i n Tabl e 3.I t cai 1 be observed h at t h e t response of st ruct ure under h e severest t desi n g g r ou n d mot i ons recomm ended by t hi s paper i s l r ger t a ha n t hat under t h e com m onl y used r ou g n d mot i ons. Tabl e 3 Abs ol ut e maxi m um di s pl acement and maxi m um di s pl acem ent n gl a e oft he peak poi nt 5. 2 Exampl e 2 New ci t y m ansi on ofTokyo i s 48 st or ies above h e t r ound g n d a i t s height i s 243 m .T h e st ruc— t ure i s a super st eel st ruct ure syst em .T h e per iod oft h e st ruct ur e i s 5. 234 s a n d i t s dam pi ng a ti r o i s 0. 02.T he pea k accel er at i on cores pondi ng t o ma jor e ar t hqua k e i s nor m al i zed t o 745 cr n/ s .Ni ne s ̄ong g r ou n d mot i ons are sel ect ed for i nput,am ong wh i ch t wo st rong g r ound m oti ons a r e t h e El Cent r o r ecor d f NS)of 1 940 a n d Taf t r ecor d of 1 952,t he ot her s even gr ound mot i ons a re t he sever est desi n g g r ound m ot i ons recomm ended by t hi s paper.T h e ni ne g r ound m oti ons a r e a s f ol — l owi ng: 1 )El Cent ro( NS)of 1940( shor te n or f m i s 40EL1) ; 2)T af t of 1 952( s hor ten or f m i s Taf t) ; 3)Gengma( S00E)of 1 988( s hor ten or f m i s Gengma)( si t e condi t i on i s I I I ) ; 4)El Cent r o( EW )of 1 940( s hor ten or f m i s 40EL2)( si t e condi t i on i s I I I ) ; 5)ElCent r oAr my#1 0,I mpe m lVa l l e yCAof1 979( s hor tenf or mi s 79EL1)( s i t econdi ioni t sn3; 6)La Uni on,M i choaca n Mexi co of 1 985( s hor ten or f m i s Mex)( s i t e condi t i on i s I ) : 7)Los Angel es ,Gri f it f h Obser vat i on,Nor t hr i dge of 1 994( s hor ten or f m i s Nor t hri dge)( si t e condi t i on i s I ) ; 8)ElCe nt e Ar r r a y , I mpe r i lVa a l l e yCA of1 979( s hor t e nf or m i s 79EL2)( si t econd it i oni sI、 , ) ; 9)Ol ympi a Hwy Tes t La b,West e r n Wa s hi ngt on of 1 949( s hor ten or f m i s Ol m pi y a)( s i t e con— 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com 270 ACTA SEI SM OLOGI CA SI NI CA V| o1 . 1 6 di t i on i s I V). Under t he ni ne ground m ot i ons ment i oned above,t h e di spl acem ent at h e t t op of h e t st ruct ure and al so t h e maxi m um i nt er. . story di spl acement bet w een t h e t w o consecut i ve st or ies are gmned. The resul t i s shown i n Tabl e 4.It ca n be observed h at t h e response t of st ruct ure under h e t severest s l arger t ha n t h at under t h e comm on used desi gn g r ound m oti ons recom m ended by t hi s paper i r ound g m ot i ons. ac em Tabl e 4 Absol ut e maxi mum di s pl acement at t he t op of st r uct ure and t he maxi mum i nt er- s t or y di s p1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . en t . . . . . . — — 5. 3 Shert rem arks I n t he exampl es m ent ioned above,t h e sei smic response of hi gh- ise rei r nforced concret e st ructure a n d super st eel st ruct u re i s a n al yzed.I t ca n be obser v ed t h at t h e response of st ruct ur es under t h e severest desi n g g r ound m ot i ons r ecom m sever al t i m es t ha n t h at under t he com ended by t hi s paper i s f rom a l i t tl e l arger t o on used r ound g mot i ons.T h e val i di t y a n d rel i abi l i t y of t he sever est dei n g g r ound m ot i on a r e ver if ied pr el imi nar y.Besi des,t h e seism i c response a n al ysi s of i ddl m e.or l ow. st ory br ick st ruct ures a n d ret i cul at ed s hel l s st ruct ur es a r e di scussed i n h e l t i t emt u re ( ZHAI ,2002) .T h e s ame c oncl us i ons wer e al s o wor ked out . 6 C oncl usions h e concept T of the severest desi n g g r ound mot i on i s presented i n t h e paper.A r ecent l y de‘ vel oped com prehensi ve m et hod f or est i m at i ng dam age pot ent i al of r ou g n d m ot i ons i s used i n se・ l ect i ng t h e severest desi n g g r ound m ot i on.The severest desi n g g r ound m ot i ons correspondi ng t o four cl assif icat i ons of si t e condi t i ons a n d three per iod ranges of st ruct ures a r e at t ai ned.T h e three pe iod r r n ges a ofs t r uct ur e re a l ong per iod r n ge a s( 1. 5-5. 5 s) ,m i ddl e per iod r anges( 0. 5~1. 5 s )a n d s hor t pe iod r r n ges( a 0. 0- 4) . 5 s ).At he t e nd,t he val i di t y n d a r el i abi l i t y of he t s ever es t dei n g rou g n d mot i ons a r e ver if ied prel i mi nar y by t w o exa m pl es.111 e sever est desi n g g r ou n d mot i ons provi de h e i t nput f o r seism i c a n al ysi s a n d desi n ofst g ruct u res a n d t h ey ca n be used di rectl y i n eart hquake engi neer ing resea r ch n d a practi ce. I n addi t i on。f rom t hi s paper i t ca n be obser v ed h at t h e dam age pot t ent i al of the cur rent l y f re- f },1 ‘ P 餐 { { 鼋 亭 鲁 鼍 t t 鼍 ; { 鼋 专 善 莒 薏 董 { quent l y us ed s t rong r ound g mot i on { s,s uch as t he El Cent ro S)of 1 9董 40 ,i s mu l o董 we ha t n ha t l c 童h r 善 墨 lt 鼍 of t he sel ect ed severest desi gn r ound g m ot i ons recomm ended i n hi t s pape ̄ I t i s wort hwhi le t o not e t h at t he conc印 t of t he severest desig n g r ound m ot ions is a rat h er compl ex i dea.w hich is not onl y connect ed w i h t t h e charact er ist ics of g r ound m ot ions,but al so wi h t bot h h e t r ound mot g i on dam age pot ent i al a n d st ruct ur e dam age mechani sm we adopted.T h e severest desig n g r ound m ot ions present ed i n t hi s paper r e rel a at i ve ones,nam el y,t h e severest de— si n g r ound mot g i ons pr esent ed here a r e sel ect ed f rom st rong r ound g m ot i on s i n exi st ence wi h t t he peak accel er at i on i n accordance wi h t h e desig t n accel erat i on speci ied f by h e exi t st i ng sei sm i c de— si gn code.A s i ncreasi ng of fur ther under st n di a ng t o t h e g r ound m ot i on dam age pot ent i al a n d st ruct u re damage mecha n i sm .t h e new severest desi n g g r ound m ot i ons wi l l be f ou n d wi h t t h e ac— l 善 董 } 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com No. 3 XIE Li -l i ,el al :SEVEREST GROLI ND M OTI ON FOR SEI SM I C DESI GN AN D ANALYSIS 271 cumul at i ng of s ̄ong ground mot i on records. A cknow l edgem ents The ground m ot i ons used i n t he paper are provided by A ssoci at ed Pr of .YU Hai — yi ng of I ns t i t ut e of Engi ne er i ng Mechani cs( I EM) ,Chi na Sei smol og ical Bur eau. Pr of.SUN Ji ng- ji n g a of I I 三 M pr ovi ded he t exampl e 1 n d a Dr .ZHANG Wen— yua n ofHar bi n I ns t i - t ut e of Technol ogy( HI T)pr ovi ded he t exa m pl e 2 n i hi t s pa per .Al l hei t r as si s t ance t o t hi s paper i s much appreci at ed. References Code GB 50 01 1 - 2001.2001. Code『 or S ei smi c De si gn o fBui l di ngs[ M] .Bei j i ng: Chi na Bui l di ng I ndust r y Publ i s her ,I  ̄30 L i n Chi nes e ). Ma s ayos hi N,Ka zuhi r o S,Sunzo 1 9 96.Ene r g y i nput a nd di s si p at i on beha vi or of s t r uct ur e s wi t h hys t er et i c d amper s【 J 】 .EESD,25: 483—496. Naei m Ander son J C.1 993.Cl a s si ic f at i on nd a Eva l u at i on of Ear t hqua ke Re cor ds f or De s i g n【 R】 Reportt oEERIand FEM A,84- , -106. ZHAI Cha n g- hai .2 002.Re se ar c h on t h e Sev e re s t De si gn Gr ound Mot i ons【 D】 :[ Ma st er The si s ] .Ha r bi n:I ns t i t ut e of Engi ne er i ng Me . c ha ni cs ,Chi na s ei s mol ogi c al Bur e au,l O( i n Chi nes e) . ZHAI Cha n g。 hal ,XI E Li - li .2002.A comp ̄ hem i ve me ̄od f o r s ti e mat i ng n d compari a ng t he damage potent ial of st rong ground m oti on 【 J 】 .Ear t hqu akeEngi nee ri ngandEn gi nee ri ng F ̄ br at i o n,22( 5) :I -7( i n Chi ne s e) .
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