Study on the severest real ground motion for seismic design and

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Vo1
.
16
No.
3(
260-
-
271)
ACTA SEI
SMOLOGI
CA SI
NI
CA May,2003 Art
i
cl
e ID:1
000・
-
9 1
I
6(
2003)
03・
-
0260・
-
I
2 Study on the severest
real
ground m oti
on t
一
or
sel
■
sm l
■
C de
’
si
-
gn and l
anal
ysi
‘
十
s XI
E Li
—
l
i
’
’(
谢 礼立)
ZHAI
Chang—
hal
’(翟 长 海)
i
)Sc
hoolo
fCi
vi
lEngi
ne
e
r
i
n
gan
dAr
c
hi
t
e
c
t
ur
e
,Har
bi
nI
ns
t
i
t
u
t
eo
fT
e
chn
ol
o
gy,Har
bi
n
I
5
0090,Chi
n
a 2)I
n
s
t
i
t
ut
e
o
fEngi
ne
e
r
i
n
g Me
c
hani
c
s
,Chi
na Sei
s
mol
ogi
c
al
Bu
r
e
au,
Har
bi
n 1
5008
0,Chi
na
A bstract
How t
o sel
ect
t
he
adequat
e r
eal
st
rong ear
t
hquake ground mot
i
on f
or
s
ei
smi
c a
nal
ys
i
s
and desi
gn of s
t
r
uct
ur
es i
s
an essenti
al
pr
obl
em i
n eart
hqua
k e engi
neer
ing r
esearch n d a
pr
act
i
ce.I
n t
he PaDer
t
he concept
of t
he sever
es
t
desi
n g
r ound g
m ot
i
on i
s
proposed a
n d a met
hod i
s
devel
oped or
f
compar
ing t
he
sever
i
t
y of t
he r
ecor
ded s
t
r
ong g
r ound mot
i
ons.By usi
ng t
hi
s
met
hod t
he severes
t
ear
t
hqua
k e g
r ound m ot
i
ons
a
r e sel
ect
ed out
as s
ei
sm
i c i
nput
s
t
o t
he s
r uct
t
ur
es t
o be desi
gned f
rom a dat
aba
s e t
hat
consi
s
t
s
of
mor
e t
ha
n ive f
t
housa
n d si
ni
g
ica
f
nt
st
rong g
round mot
i
on r
ecor
ds
col
l
ect
ed over
t
he worl
d.The sel
ect
ed sever
est
g
r ound m ot
i
ons
a
r e ver
y l
i
kel
y t
o be abl
e t
o dr
ive t
he s
t
ruct
ur
es t
o t
hei
r
cri
t
i
cal
r
espons
e n d a
t
her
eby r
esul
t
i
n t
he
hi
ghes
t
damage pot
ent
i
a1 I
t
i
s
not
e
d t
hat
f
or
di
fer
ent
.
s
t
ruct
ur
es wi
t
h di
fer
ent
pr
edom
i na
nt
nat
ur
al
per
iods n d a
at
di
fer
ent
si
t
es
wher
e st
r
uct
ur
es r e a
l
ocat
ed t
he
s
ever
es
t
desi
n g
g
r ound m ot
i
ons r e a
usual
l
y di
ferent
.Fi
nal
l
y,t
wo exam pl
es
re
a
i
I
l
us
rat
t
ed t
o demons
r at
t
e t
he r
at
i
onal
i
t
y of t
he concept
and t
he r
el
i
abi
l
i
t
y of
t
he sel
ect
ed desi
n g
mot
i
on.
Ke
y w ords:t
he severest
desi
gn gr
ound mot
i
on;paramet
ers
of
ground m ot
i
on;dat
abase of ground mot
i
on;
damage potenti
al
of
strong ground m oti
on;comprehensi
ve m et
hod CLC number:P3 l
5.
9 Docum ent
code:A Introducti
on As sei
sm i
c i
nput
,t
he st
rong eart
hquake ground m ot
i
on i
s t
he m ai
n cause f
or t
h e dam age t
o ci
vil
st
ruct
ures.I
n h e sei
t
sm i
c a
n alysi
s a
n d desi
gn t
h e real
st
rong g
r ound m ot
i
on i
s oft
en sel
ect
ed as sei
sm i
c acti
on or as a ki
nd of sei
sm
i c l
oad t
o st
ruct
u re.At
present
,whet
h er t
h e peak accel
era—
t
i
on of r ound m oti
g
on t
ransferred f
rom sei
sm i
c i
nt
ensi
ty or gi
ven by t
he sei
sm
i c zoni
ng m ap
,
o r h e accel
t
erat
i
on val
ues gi
ven by h e t
desi
n spect
g
ra of diferent
si
t
e condi
t
i
on i
n al
l
ki
nds of eart
h—
quake—r
esi
st
ance codes.t
h e sei
sm i
c l
oad used i
s a
n average val
ue whi
ch com es f
rom t
h e st
at
i
st
i
c resul
t
.Therefore.i
t
i
s
far-
reach f
o r t
h e i
mport
ant
st
ruct
ure desi
n i
g
f onl
y accordi
ng t
o t
he peak accel
erat
i
on gi
ven by t
h e desi
n codes a
g
n d t
he desi
n g
spect
ra.I
t
i
s essent
i
al
t
o sel
ect
sui
t
abl
e real
r ound g
mot
i
on f
or
st
ruct
ure t
o be checked.I
n fact,al
m ost
al
l
t
he eart
hqua
k e.r
esi
sta
n ce codes
have t
he regul
ati
on:t
he i
mpor
ta
nt
st
ruct
u res,such as l
ong—spa
n br
idges,i
r egul
r a
st
ruct
u res
par
ti
cul
rl
a
y
, st
ruct
u res of cl
s si
a
icati
f
on A and t
he hi
【
gh—r
ise bui
l
di
ngs of whi
ch height
s exceed t
he li
mi
t
at
i
on
, m ust
be checked wi
t
h t
i
m e—
hi
st
or
y a
n al
ysi
s m et
hod f
or at
l
east
t
wo real
g
r ound—mot
i
on recor
ds ’Recei
ved date:2002-
06 14;revi
sed date:2002.10-
25;accept
ed date:2002.10-25
—
.
Foundat
ion
i
 ̄t
m :Na
io
t
na
l
Nat
ur
al
Sc
i
enc
e
Foundat
i
on
of
Chi
na(
5989541
0)
;Nat
ur
al
Sc
i
e
nce
Found
at
i
on of
Hei
l
ongj
i
a
ng Pr
ov.
i
nce(
E0228)and J
oi
nt
Sei
smol
ogi
cal
Foundat
i
on of
Chi
na(
95-
07-
444)
.
维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
No.
3
XI
E Li
.
1
i
,
et
al
:SEVEREST GROUND MOTI
ON FOR SEI
SMI
C DESI
GN 垒_
N垒LY璺 璺 !
and one m an-
m ade r
ecord.So how to sel
ect
t
he proper r
eal
ground m oti
ons f
or sei
sm i
c desi
gn n d a
n al
a
ysi
s i
s a ver
y i
mport
ant
problem .The severest
ground m ot
i
ons sel
ect
ed as i
nput
shoul
d sat
i
sf
y h e seism
t
i c codes
i
n sei
sm
i c desi
n a
g
n d a
n al
ysi
s of st
r
uct
ure pri
m ari
l
y.I
n a
n ot
h er word,t
h e se-
verest
ground mot
i
ons shoul
d sati
sf
y h e peak accel
t
erat
i
on a
n d si
t
e cl
s si
a
icati
f
on speci
ied f
by t
h e eart
hqua
k e-
resi
st
ance codes n d a
h e grou
t
n d m ot
i
ons dri
ve h e st
t
ruct
ure t
o i
t
s cr
i
ti
cal
response n d a
h er
t
eby r
esul
t
i
n t
he hi
ghest
dam age pot
enti
a1
.
At
pr
esent
,t
he
EL CENTRO r
ecor
d S)of 1
940 n d a
TAFr r
ecor
d of 1
952 a
re
i
n he t
ir
f
s
t
pl
ace t
o be consi
dered i
n h e t
sei
sm i
c desi
n g
n d st
a
ruct
ure n al
a
ysi
s.Ⅵ at
i
s h e t
rea
s on f
or
sel
ect
i
ng such records,whet
her t
he record
s a
r e t
h e sever
e st
desi
n g
g
r ou
n d m ot
i
ons,a
n d whi
ch record
s ca
n be consi
der
e d a
s t
h e severest
desi
n grou
g
n d mot
i
on ar
e t
h e i
ssues t
hi
s Paper t
ri
es t
o sol
ve.St
u dy (
Naei
m,Ande
r
son,1993)s
hows
t
hat
t
he val
ues
of
pe
k accel
a
er
at
i
on(
】
)
A)
,pea
k vel
oci
t
y(
PV)
,
pea
k di
s
pl
acement(
PD)
,e
fect
pea
k accel
er
at
i
on(
EPA)
,efect
pea
k vel
oci
t
y(
EPV)a
n d dur
at
i
on of
he t
EL CENTRO r
ecor
d(
NS)of 1940 re
a
338 cr
n/
s
,36.
45 cr
n/
s
,1
0.
88
cm,290 cm/
s
,30.
77 cm /
s
a
n d 29.
3s,r
espect
i
vely,whi
ch onl
y rank s 81,87,49,99,62 a
a
n d 58 i
n a dat
abase t
hat
con- si
st
s of m ore t
ha
n ive f
h ousa
t
n d si
gni
ica
f
n t
st
rong r ound g
m ot
i
on records col
l
ect
ed over h e worl
t
d.
Evi
dent
l
y,whet
h er t
h e records
shoul
d be consi
dered a
s t
h e severed desi
gn ground m ot
i
on i
s a pr
obl
em t
hat
ought
t
o be f
ur
ther
h ought
t
oven h e concept
T
of h e severest
t
desi
n g
g
r ou
n d mot
i
ons i
s pr
esent
ed i
n t
h e papen A recentl
y de— vel
oped compr
ehensi
ve met
hod f
or
e
st
i
mat
i
ng damage pot
ent
i
al
of r ound g
mot
i
on (
ZHAI
,XI
E,
2002)i
s
us
ed i
n s
el
ect
i
ng he
t
s
ever
est
de
si
gn round g
mot
i
ons.T
h e sever
es
t
des
i
gn rou
g
n d mot
i
on corr
espondi
ng t
o di
f erent
si
t
e condi
t
i
on a
n d di
ferent
per
iod st
ruct
u re a
r e at
t
ai
ned.Fi
nal
l
y,t
h e severest
desi
gn ground mot
i
ons r e a
ver
if
ied by t
wo exampl
es.
1
Concept
of
t
he severest
des
i
gn ground m oti
on For h e sei
t
sm i
c desi
n g
n d st
a
ruct
u re a
n al
ysi
s,especi
al
l
y f
o r h e g
t
r eat
compl
ex st
ructure,one of t
he most
i
mport
ant
t
asks i
s sel
ect
i
ng t
h e proper real
g
r ound m ot
i
on f
o r desi
n .T
g
h e severest
desi
n g
g
r ound m ot
i
on i
s t
h e real
g
r ound mot
i
on h at
t
can dri
ve t
he st
ruct
u re t
o i
t
s cr
iti
cal
response n d t
a
h er
eby resul
t
i
n t
he hi
ghest
dam age potent
i
a1.Cl
ea
rl
y,t
h e severest
desi
n ground m oti
g
on i
s concem ed about
some sei
sm i
c envi
ronm ent
,whi
ch i
ncl
udes t
h e sei
smic sever
it
y n d a
si
t
e condi
ti
on where st
ruct
ur
es r e a
l
ocat
ed.
h e li
T
terat
u re on t
h e severest
desi
gn grou
n d m ot
i
on has not
been f
ound i
n Chi
nese a
n d abroad so far.T
h ough i
n f
orei
n cou
g
n t
ry t
h e st
u dy on t
hi
s
ha
s appea
r ed,t
h e si
n i
g
ica
f
nt
achi
eve—
ment
has
not
been gai
ned.Naei
m n d a
Ander
s
on(1
993)s
el
ect
ed out
1
1
57 hor
i
zont
al
component
s f
5
a
n d pe
k a
accel
er
at
i
on l
rger
a
ha
t
n 0.
05
g)f
r
om a at
d
aba
se
hat
t
consi
s
t
s
of
mor
e
t
ha
n 5 000 si
n i
g
ica
f
n t
st
rong g
r ou
n d m oti
on record
s col
l
ect
ed over
t
he worl
d f
r om 1
933 t
o 1992.T
h en t
hey sel
ected al
l
hori
zont
al
component
s which ranked i
n t
h e t
op 3O of 1
1
57 component
s ba
s ed on h e t
i
ns
t
r
ument
al
pa
ramet
er
s(
Naei
m,A
n der
s
on,1993)exce
pt
br
ac
ket
ed dur
at
i
on O'
A,PV,PD,Ⅳ'I
D)
n d a
bas
i
c s
pect
r
al
pa
ra
m et
er
s(
EPA n d a
EPV)
.A s
et
of
84 r
ecor
ds
Wa
s sel
ect
ed i
n hi
t
s
mannen Her
e I
V i
s h e abbr
t
evi
at
i
on of m axi
mum i
ncrem ent
al
vel
oci
t
y n d I
a
D i
s t
h e abbreviati
on of maxi
.
m um i
ncrement
al
di
spl
acem ent
.Next
t
h ey compl
ement
ed t
hi
s sel
ect
i
on wi
t
h a subset
of 36 re. cord
s ,whi
ch r e onl
a
y cha
r act
er
ized wi
t
h si
gni
ica
f
nt
l
ong durat
i
on.T
h us,a a t
d
a ba
s e of 1
20 records wa
s f
orm ed.111e desi
n ground g
m ot
i
on ha
s not
been presented t
he severest
desi
n g
r ound g
mot
i
ons.
but
a l
ot
of i
mport
n t
a
f
undam ent
a li
nformati
on f
o r h e f
t
orm at
i
on of desi
n g
g
r ou
n d m ot
i
on concept
and sel
ect
i
on of desi
n grou
g
n d m oti
on Wa
s of
fer
e d.T
h e 1
20 r
ecords sel
ected by Naei
m were not
维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
262 AC1-
A SEI
SM OLOGICA SI
NI
CA VbI
_
l6 cl
assi
ied accor
f
di
ng t
o t
he si
t
e condi
t
i
on.And t
h e i
nf
or
m ati
on of si
t
condi
ti
on of h e 1 t
20 r
ecor
ds wa
s not
ofered.So i
t
is
di伍 cul
t
f
or h ese t
record
s t
o be used o r f
pract
ice.
The m ai
n pur
pose of t
his
paper ha
s t
w o.Fi
rst
l
y,t
h e concept
of desi
gn ground m oti
on i
s pre-
sent
ed.Secondl
y,t
h e desi
n ground m ot
g
i
ons
are gai
ned by recentl
y devel
oped comprehensi
ve m et
hod f
rom a dat
aba
s e t
h at
consi
st
s of more t
h an ive f
h ousa
t
n d si
n i
g
ica
f
n t
st
rong ground m oti
on records
coll
ect
ed over h e worl
t
d.
2 D atabase for sel
ecti
ng the severest desi
gn ground m oti
on Wi
h cl
t
s si
a
fyi
ng t
he recor
s t
d
h at
we col
l
ect
ed i
nt
o Chi
nese record
s a
n d forei
n records,t
g
h e s
everest
desi
n g
r ound g
m oti
ons
i
n hi
t
s paper are det
ermined.
Bas
ed on t
he
1
2O r
ecor
ds
s
el
ec
t
ed by Naei
m n d a
Ander
son(1
993)
,52 uni
f
or
ml
y pr
oces
s
ed r
ecords wi
t
h speci
ic si
f
t
e condi
t
i
on are sel
ect
ed.N ext
a
n ot
h er
4 r
ecords
wi
h g
t
r ound-
l
evel
re-
corded i
n t
he 1
994 Nor
t
hri
dge eart
hquake are compl
em ent
ed.Thus.a dat
a ba
s e of 56 abr
oad re-
cor
ds
used by t
l
1
i
s
paper
was
f
or
m ed.Af
t
er
t
hat
,36
Chi
nese
r
ecor
ds(
PA l
rger
a
ha
t
n 80 cr
n
/
s
)、
m speci
ic si
f
t
e condi
t
i
on a
r e sel
ect
ed f
r om t
he st
rong g
r ound m ot
ion dat
abase of I
nst
i
t
ut
e of Engi.
neer
i
ng Mecha
ni
cs(
I
EM)
,Chi
na Sei
s
mol
ogi
c
al
Bur
eau.T
h e 36 Chi
nes
e
r
ecor
ds
a
l
e us
ed by he t
pape ̄ The t
w o dat
aba
s es
have f
ol
l
owi
ng charact
er
ist
i
c:a、No m at
ter whi
ch damage pot
ent
i
al
t
o be scal
ed,t
h e abr
oad dat
a ba
s e,whi
ch consi
st
s of 56 record
s shoul
d be on t
op rank.Li
kewi
se,t
h e 36 Chi
nese records
have si
mi
l
r a
charact
er
ist
i
c i
n t
h e st
rong g
r ound mot
i
on r
ecord
s d
at
a ba
s e col
l
ect
ed i
n Chi
na ti
l
l
2001.b、T
h e record
s oft
w o d
at
a ba
s es r e al
a
l
uni
o rmly f
processed a
n d ranked i
n t
er
m of aU ki
nds of damage pot
ent
i
al
par
am et
ers.c、A l
l
of t
hese records
have comparat
i
vel
y rel
i
abl
e si
t
e condi
t
i
on.
3 Cri
t
eri
a of sel
ect
i
ng t
he
severest
desi
gn ground m ot
i
on A recentl
y devel
oped compr
ehensi
ve met
h od or
f
est
i
m at
i
ng dam age pot
ent
i
al
of ground m o.
t
i
on i
s
us
ed i
n s
el
ect
i
ng t
he sever
es
t
desi
n g
round g
mot
i
ons
i
n hi
t
s
pape ̄a)Fi
r
st
,t
he
r
ecor
s d
re
a
r
anked r
es
pect
i
vel
y i
n t
er
m of al
l
ki
nd
s of par
a
met
er
s(
PA,PV,PD,EPA,EP Dur
at
i
on,
I
D n d a
spect
rali
nt
ens
i
t
i
es)whi
ch ca
n r
ef
lect
he t
damage pot
e
nt
i
al
of
s
rong t
gr
ound mot
i
on.T
h e
n he
t
t
op r
an
k r
ecords
f
or
m t
he prepari
ng sel
ecti
on d
at
aba
s es of severest
desi
gn ground mot
i
on.T
h e dat
abas
es
ar
e t
he Chi
nese d
a t
a ba
s e a
n d t
he for
eig
n d
a t
aba
s e m ent
i
oned above;b、T
h e pr
epar
ing sel
ect
i
on dat
abases
of severest
desi
gn g
r ound m ot
i
on a
r e r
an
k ed agai
n for furt
her compari
ng.
Ba
s ed on t
h e dual
fai
l
ure cri
t
eri
a of di
spl
acem ent
duct
i
l
i
t
y a
n d pla
st
i
c cum ul
ati
ve dam age.di
s.
}} } 々 ‘ £} 《 pl
acement
duct
i
l
it
y n d a
hyst
eret
i
c energy h at
t
st
and
s f
o r h e t
pl
st
a
i
c cum ul
at
i
ve dam age t
o st
ructure re a
us
ed t
o cha
ract
er
h e t
s
ever
it
y of
r ound g
m ot
i
on.T
h e r
ecor
ds
wi
h t
hi
ghes
t
val
ues
of di
s
pl
ac
e.
m ent
duct
i
l
i
t
y a
n d hyst
ereti
c energy r e a
sel
ect
ed rom f
h e t
prepari
ng sel
ect
i
on a t
d
a ba
s es
of severest
desi
n g
g
r ound m oti
on.A
n d h e si
t
t
e condi
t
i
on,nat
ural
per
i od of st
ruct
ur
e a
n d regul
at
i
on of codes
are consi
der
ed.T
h en h e sever
t
est
desi
n g
r ound g
m ot
i
ons
wi
t
h di
ferent
si
t
e condi
ti
on n d a
di
f
fer
ent
st
ruct
u re per
iod r e gai
a
ned.
n t
I
h e process
of sel
ect
i
ng t
h e sever
est
desi
n g
g
r ound mot
i
on,vari
ous
param et
ers a
r e com.
pr
ehensi
vel
y consi
dered,such a
s PA,PV,PD,EP energy dur
at
i
on,di
s
pl
acement
duct
i
l
i
t
y a
n d hyst
eret
i
c energy,et
c.W i
m aU ki
nd
s of st
rong r ound m ot
g
ion par
am et
ers m ea
s ur
ed di
rect
l
y r om f
round mot
g
i
on r
ecor
s a
d
n d t
he par
amet
er
s der
ived f
r
om t
he el
st
a
i
c a
n d i
nel
st
a
i
c
r
es
ponse
.
)a
n d wi
h t
vari
ous sei
sm i
c a m age d
cr
it
er
ions,t
h e real
g
r ound m ot
i
on record
s rom t
f
h e pr
epared at
d
a base 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
No.
3
XI
E Li
.
1
i
,et
al
:SEV EREST GROUND M OTI
ON FOR SEI
SM I
C DESI
GN AND ANALYSIS 263 were com pared.Thus
t
he event
t
hat
vari
ous par
am et
ers
can charact
er t
h e dam age pot
ent
i
al
of st
rong ground mot
i
on i
n som e condi
ti
ons i
s admi
t
ted.M oreover,t
h e event
h at
t
t
h ese param et
ers wi
l
l
not
charact
er wel
l
t
h e dam age pot
ent
i
al
of st
rong ground m ot
i
on i
n ot
h er condit
ions i
s al
so adm i
ted.And h e com prehensi
t
ve m et
h od Ca
n f
ul
l
y i
nvol
ve t
h e efect
s oft
h e i
nt
ensi
t
y,f
requency cont
ent
n d a
durat
i
on of r ou
g
n d m ot
i
on n d a
h e t
dynam i
c charact
er
ist
ic of st
ruct
ure.
The event
of select
n g i
h e severest
t
desi
gn g
r ound m ot
i
on f
rom so m any g
r ou
n d m ot
ions I
S a very compl
icat
ed process,because i
t
i
s afect
ed by ma
n y fact
ors.For n st
i
ance,t
h e severest
desi
n g
r ound mot
g
i
on cor
respondi
ng to di
ferent
g
r ound m ot
i
on pa
r am et
er
s a
n d di
ferent
st
ruct
ure pa-
r
amet
er
s(
pe
iod,damp,duct
r
i
l
i
y,hys
t
t
e
r
et
i
c mode1
)may be
di
fe
r
ent
.I
t
i
s
i
mpos
s
i
bl
e t
o se
l
ect
one ki
nd of severest
desi
gn g
r ou
n d m ot
i
on for each possi
bl
e pa
ra
m et
ers
com bi
n at
i
on.But
i
t
m ust
con-
si
der t
he efect
of hi
t
s di
ference i
n sel
ect
i
ng t
h e severest
desi
n g
g
r ound m oti
on.The efect
of vari
ous fact
or
s i
s consi
dered when ranki
ng agai
n h e prepari
t
ng sel
ecti
on dat
abases of severest
de-
si
n ground m ot
g
i
ons.Here several
ba
si
c cone印 t
s are present
ed,aft
er t
hat
t
h e ef
rect
of vari
ous f
act
ors i
s n al
a
yzed.
3.
1 Several
basi
c concept
s 1
)Di
s
pl
acement
duct
i
l
i
y t
:
_ “
(
1)
whe
r
e i
s
t
he di
spl
acement
duct
i
l
i
y,V
t
ma
x
maxi
mum di
s
pl
ace
ment
of i
ne
l
st
a
i
c syst
em,v
y
he
t
yi
el
d di
spl
acement
of syst
em .
2 Yi
el
d s
rengt
t
h coef
ici
ent(
or
ie
y
l
d r
es
i
s
t
ance
s
ei
s
ic
m
coef
ici
e
nt
)
F Cy= where (
2)
i
s h e t
st
rengt
h oft
he syst
em ,
g t
1
1
e efect
w ei
ght
oft
he syst
em .
3、H yst
r et
e
i
c energy h e T
hys
t
e
r
et
i
c ener
y g
i
s
ga
i
ned by s
ubt
r
act
i
ng he
t
el
st
a
i
c
s
rai
t
n ener
gy [
,
(
f
)
]
/
2k rom f
t
ot
al
s
t
r
a
i
ne
n
e
r
y ̄
g
f
(
t
)
d
v
:
E
(
f
)
J
o
f
(
t
)
d
v
一寺【
厂
(
f
)
】
(
3
)
whe
re
i
s
he
t
hyst
er
et
i
c
ener
gy,
f
)r
es
t
or
ing f
or
ce,k s
t
i
fness
of
s
ys
t
em,’
,r
el
at
i
ve di
s
pl
ace
ment
.
4)Equi
val
ent
vel
oc
i
y t
of
hys
t
er
et
i
c ene
r
gy(
Mas
ayoshi
,et
al
,1
996)
1 =
÷m / wher
e m i
s h e t
mass of syst
em ,
(
4
)
equi
val
ent
vel
oci
t
y of hyst
r et
e
ic energ
y.
3.
2 Fact
ors consi
dered i
n com pari
ng t
he dam age pot
ent
ial
of ground m ot
ions w i
th di
s- placem ent ducti
l
i
ty and hystereti
c energy Ba
s ed on he t
dual
s
ei
s
i c m
da
mage c
ri
t
er
ion ofdi
s
pl
ac
ement
duct
i
l
i
y t
n d a
cumul
at
i
ve damage,
ZHAI
n d a
XI
E(
2002)s
hows
he
t
combi
nat
ion of he
t
di
s
pl
ac
ement
duc
t
i
l
i
y t
n d a
hyst
e
r
et
i
c ener
gy h at
t
character
s cum ul
ati
ve dam age t
o st
ructure Ca
n rel
i
abl
y denot
e t
h e dam age of st
rong g
r ound mot
ion t
o st
ruct
ure whe
n t
h e sei
smi
c response of t
he st
ruct
u re ent
er
s i
t
s i
nel
s ti
a
c phase.W hen ca1
.
cul
at
i
ng di
s
pl
acement
duct
il
i
y t
a
nd hys
t
re
e
t
i
c
ener
gy,t
he f
ol
l
owi
ng ss
a
umpt
ion
s re a
made.
维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
264 ACTA SEI
SM 0L0GI
CA SI
NI
CA v01
.1
6 3.
2.
1 B asi
c assum pti
on As
the charact
er
ist
ics
of real
st
ruct
ure under
t
he sei
sm i
c acti
on a
r e part
i
cul
rl
a
y diferent
,t
h e hysteret
i
c m odel
s a
r e vari
ous,which i
ncl
ude bil
i
near
m odel
,t
ri.
1
n ear i
m odel
and Cl
ough m odel
,
et
c.The bi
l
i
near m odel
has t
h e charact
er
ist
i
c of si
mpl
e f
orm a
n d cal
culati
ng conveni
entl
y,a
n d i
t
ca
n ref
lect
nat
u ral
cha
r act
er of h e sei
t
sm
i c response.The bi
l
i
near m odel
i
s used wi
del
y a
n d i
t
i
s
t
he basi
c m odel
f
o r st
u dyi
ng sei
sm
i c r
esponse of i
nel
s ti
a
c st
ruct
ure.So bi
l
i
near
modeli
s assumed i
n cal
cul
at
i
ng dis
pl
acement
duct
i
l
i
t
y a
n d hyst
ereti
c energy.Besi
des,t
h e f
act
ors i
nf
luenci
ng di
s-
pl
acement
duct
il
i
ty a
n d hyst
ereti
c energy a
r e cha
r act
er
ist
i
c of st
ruct
u re,such as
per
iod,dam p,
yi
el
d resi
st
n ce sei
a
sm i
c coem ci
ent
.di
spl
acem ent
duct
il
i
t
y n d a
h e t
val
ues of st
i
ff
ness af
ter yi
el
di
ng,
et
c.As showi
ng i
n T,
l
e 1.t
wo ear
thquake r
ecords ar
e sel
ect
ed as
i
nput
t
o a
n al
yze t
he i
nf
luence fact
ors.The records
sel
ect
ed a
r e i
ntended t
o cover at
l
ea
st
t
w o t
ypes
of ground m oti
ons,na
m el
y nea
r .f
ield,short
durat
ion,impul
si
ve type g
r ound m ot
i
on,a
s B2
r
ecord;a
n d f
r —f
a
iel
d,l
ong dur
at
i
on,
rel
at
i
vel
y severe and sym m et
ri
c t
ype cycl
i
c exci
tati
on,as B1
record.
Tabl
e 1
Speci
icat
f
i
on of t
he t
wo recor
ds 3.
2.
2 The
condi
t
i
ons(
const
ant
duct
i
l
i
t
y or c
ons
t
ant
s
t
rengt
h)of compari
ng di
s
pl
acement
ducti
l
i
t
y and hystereti
c energy of di
i erent f
ground m oti
on In sei
sm i
c response a
n al
ysi
s. t
h e dynam i
c param et
ers of st
ruct
u re m ai
nl
y i
ncl
ude f
o at
,
na
m el
y:da
m p.di
s
pl
acement
duct
i
l
i
t
y(
or
yi
el
d r
es
i
st
a
nce s
ei
smi
c coef
i ci
ent
)
,hys
t
er
et
i
c
model
n d a
st
ruct
ure per
iod.To hyst
eret
i
c energy,i
f hyst
eret
i
c m odel
rbi
li
near m odel
a
s sum ed i
n t
hi
s
pa.
per
)i
s
gi
ven,t
he
pa
r
amet
er
s
of
s
t
r
uc
ur
t
e
hat
t
def
ine
round g
mot
i
on hys
t
e
r
et
i
c
ener
gy wi
l
l
be
pe-
r
i
od of s
t
r
uct
ur
e
vi
s
cous
dampi
ng at
r
i
o a
n d di
s
pl
aceme
nt
duct
i
l
i
t
y/
.
t(
cons
t
ant
duct
i
l
i
t
y s
pect
r
a
)
or
per
iod of s
t
r
uc
ur
t
e vi
s
cous
da
mpi
ng at
r
i
o and yi
el
d r
esi
s
t
ance s
ei
sm
ic
coemci
ent
(
con.
s
t
ant
s
rengt
t
h s
pect
ra)
.Thus
,t
he hys
t
er
et
i
c ener
gy of Si
ngl
e Deg
ree of
Fr
eedom (
SDOF)s
ys
t
em under t
he eart
hquake ca
n be expressed as fol
l
owi
ng:
S=
-S(
D,
专 or
S=
-S(
D,
专 C )
(
5)
where S i
s
hyst
eret
i
c energy,D i
s t
he hyst
eret
i
c m ode1.
I
n compari
ng t
h e da
m age pot
ent
i
al
of di
ferent
st
rong g
r ound m oti
on wi
h hyst
t
eret
i
c energy,
general
l
y t
here a
r e t
w o ways:under const
ant
ducti
l
i
t
y condi
t
i
on or u
n der const
ant
st
rengt
h t
o compa
r e t
he dam age pot
ent
i
al
of di
ferent
st
rong r ound g
m oti
on.Two w ays r e i
a
denti
cali
n h eory.
t
But
whi
ch way is
m ore conveni
ent
? Fi
gures
1
a
n d 2 show t
h e hyst
eret
i
c spect
ra of const
ant
s
rengt
t
h(
=O.
05,0.
1
0,O.
20,O.
40)a
n d hys
t
er
e
t
i
c s
pect
ra of
cons
t
ant
duc
t
i
l
i
t
y(
声
F2.
0,3.
0,4.
0,
5.
O)
.I
n he
t
ig
f
ur
es,T n d a
cor
r
es
pond t
o he t
per
iod of
s
t
r
uct
ur
e
n d a
t
he
equi
val
ent
vel
oci
t
y of
hyst
eret
i
c energy.It
ca
n be observed t
h at
.hyst
eret
i
c spec仃a of const
nt
a
st
r engt
h have not
a
n y reg
u l
ari
t
y a
n d t
he vari
n ce of a
i
t
i
s
very l
arge.But
t
h e reg
u l
ari
t
y of hyst
eret
i
c spec仃a of const
nt
a
duct
i
li
ty i
s bet
t
er
and t
he varia
n ce of i
t
i
s sm al
1
.So com pari
ng t
h e dam age pot
enti
al
of diferent
r ound g
m ot
i
on i
S perf
or
m ed wi
h t
t
he hyst
eret
i
c spect
ra of const
ant
ducti
l
i
t
y.
I
n com pari
ng t
he da
m age pot
ent
i
al
of di
ferent
st
rong g
r ound mot
i
on wi
h di
t
s
pl
acement
duc-
t
i
l
i
ty,l
i
ke compari
ng wi
h t
hyst
eret
i
c energ
y ,t
here a
r e t
w o w ays:com pari
ng t
h e dis
pl
acem ent
duc-
ti
l
i
t
y of st
ruct
u re under t
h e condi
t
i
on of const
ant
st
rengt
h,a
n d comparing t
h e yi
el
d resi
st
ance sei
sm i
c coem ci
ent
dem a
n ded by st
ruct
ur
e i
n ca
s e of const
ant
duct
i
l
i
t
y.Two ways a
r e i
dent
i
ca1
.As 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
No.
3
XI
E Li
.
1
i
,et
al:SEV EREST GROUND M OTI
ON FOR SEI
SM I
C DESI
GN AND ANA LYSI
S 265 yi
el
d resi
st
ance sei
sm i
c coef
ici
f
ent
of st
r
uct
ure i
ncreasi
ng,t
he sei
sm i
c res
ponse decreases and h eref
t
o re t
h e di
spl
acem ent
ducti
l
i
t
y decrea
s es.On t
he ot
h er ha
n d,as yi
el
d resi
st
ance sei
sm i
c coef-
ici
f
ent
of st
r
uct
ure decr
easi
ng。t
h e sei
sm i
c response i
ncr
ea
s es
a
n d t
h erefor
e t
h e di
spl
acement
duc—
t
i
l
i
t
y i
ncrea
s es.For a gi
ven yi
el
d resi
st
ance sei
sm
i c coem ci
ent
of str
uct
u re.t
here i
S a di
spl
acement
duct
i
l
i
t
y correspondi
ng t
o i
t.i
nversel
y,i
t
i
S t
h e sam e.So com pari
ng h e di
t
spl
acement
duct
i
l
i
t
y of st
ruct
u re i
n case of const
ant
st
rengt
h a
n d compari
ng t
h e yi
el
d resi
st
n ce sei
a
sm
i c coem ci
ent
de—
ma
n ded by st
ruc:
t
ure i
n case of const
ant
di
spl
acement
duct
i
l
i
ty are sam e.But
i
n order t
o keep con—
si
st
ent
wi
t
h t
h e hyst
eret
i
c energy’t
h e yi
el
d resi
st
n ce sei
a
sm
i c coem ci
ent
demanded by st
r
uct
ure iS
compa
r ed i
n case of const
ant
di
s
pl
acem ent
duct
i
l
i
t
y.I
n a word,t
he event
of sel
ecti
ng t
h e sever
est
desi
gn ground m ot
ions wi
t
h di
spl
acement
duct
i
l
i
t
y n d hyst
a
eret
i
c energY i
S
em bodi
ed by com par—
i
ng t
he yi
el
d resi
st
n ce sei
a
sm
i c coefnci
ent
a
n d hyst
eret
i
c ener
gY dem a
n ded by dif
ierent
st
ruct
ur
es
i
n case of const
nt
a
di
spl
acem ent
duct
i
l
i
t
y,sam e dam pi
ng n d a
hyst
eret
i
c m ode1
.
1.2 1
0.8 g 目 0.4 0 0.0 0 0 4 Fi
gur
e 1
Hys
t
er
et
i
c spect
r
a of cons
t
ant
st
r
engt
h 1
7 一
瘩 曼 o 【
l
/s l
Fi
gur
e 2 Hyst
eret
i
c s
pect
ra of const
nt
a
duct
i
l
i
t
y 3.
2.
3 Inf
luence of structure param eters on strong ground m oti
on hyst
ereti
c energy 1
)I
nf
luence
of
hyst
er
et
i
c
model(
mai
nl
y r
ef
ere
d t
o t
he
s
econd s
t
i
fnes
s
of
bi
l
i
near
mode1
)
.
The i
nf
luence of second st
ifness
of bi
l
i
near model
on hyst
eret
i
c energy i
S
shown i
n Fi
gure 3.
wher
e 口i
S t
he rati
o of second st
i
fness
t
o t
he f
ir
st
st
i
fness.The ra
n ge of口 i
S f
rom 0 0 t
o 0.
4 a
n d .
when 口 equal
t
o 0.
0,t
h e bi
li
near m odel
wi
l
l
becom e el
ast
i
c-
perfect
l
y pl
asti
c m ode1 I
t
can be ob—
.
served t
hat
t
he hyst
er
et
i
c energy spect
ra a
r e general
l
y i
nsensi
t
i
ve t
o t
he val
ues of t
he second st
i
f
f-
ness of bi
li
near mode1.T
h e r
n ge of a
hyst
eret
i
c energy spect
ra peak val
ue keeps wi
t
hi
n 1
0% of t
he pea
k val
ue f0r t
he gi
ven range of .Thus.t
l
1
e efect
of s sum
a
i ng el
s ti
a
c-
perfect
l
y pl
ast
i
c m odel
i
s rel
ati
vel
y smal
l
for h e r
t
esul
t
.
维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
266 ACTA SEI
SM OLOGI
CA Sn、
j
I
CA v01
.
16 Fi
gur
e 3 I
nf
luence
of hys
t
eret
i
c model(
mai
nl
y r
ef
er
r
ed t
o t
he second st
i
f
f
nes
s
of
bi
l
i
near
mode1
)on hys
t
eret
i
c ener
gy(
:
4)
21
I
nf
luence of di
spl
acem ent
duct
i
l
i
t
y.Fi
gure 2 shows t
he hyst
er
et
i
c ener
gy spect
ra of di
s—
pl
aceme
nt
duct
i
l
i
t
y 2,3,4,5)
.The ig
f
ur
e
i
ndi
cat
es
t
ha
t
hys
t
er
et
i
c e
ner
gy s
pect
r
a ar
e ge
ner
al
l
y i
nsensi
t
i
ve t
o t
he l
evel
of di
spl
acem ent
duct
il
i
ty.T
h e range of h e hyst
t
eret
i
c ener
gy spect
ra peak val
ue keeps wi
hi
t
n 1
0% of the peak val
ue f
or h e t
gi
yen di
spl
acement
duct
i
l
i
t
y ra
n ge.So,onl
y one l
e
vel
of
di
s
pl
aceme
nt
duc
t
i
l
i
y t
i
s
cons
i
der
ed i
n s
el
ect
i
ng h e t
s
eve
r
es
t
des
i
gn gr
ound mot
i
ons
.
3)I
nf
luence of
da
mp.T
h e i
nf
lue
nce of
dampi
ng(
dampi
ng r
at
i
o乒 O.
02,O.
05,0.
1
0)on hys
—
t
e
r
et
i
c ener
gy i
s
s
hown i
n Fi
ur
g
e 4,wher
e
di
s
pl
acement
duct
i
l
i
y equal
t
t
o 4.Fr
om he
t
f
igur
e,
we ca
n see vi
scous
dam pi
ng afect
s hyst
er
et
i
c energy a g
r eat
deal
;a l
arger c\vi
scous dam pi
ng gi
ves a sm all
er hyst
eret
i
c energ
y .T
h e di
ference of hyst
eret
i
c energy spect
ra pea
k val
ue wi
l
l
reach 20% -30% wi
h t
da
m pi
ng r
at
i
o equal
t
o O.
02 a
n d O.
10.I
t
i
s
Ca
n be observed h at
t
h e t
t
rend ofhys—
t
er
et
i
c ener
gy spect
ra f
o r di
ferent
da
m pi
ng i
s nea
rl
y sam e.T
h e dam pi
ng rat
io 5% of st
ruct
ure i
s assum ed i
n hi
t
s paper.
I
2 i,0 一
0.8 E E 0.5 0.4 0.0 0 }
l
2 0 2 Fi
gur
e 4 I
nf
luence of dampi
ng on hyst
er
et
i
c
ener
gy(
F4)
3.
2.
4 Infl
uence of structure peri
od The yi
el
d resi
st
ance sei
sm i
c coe伍 ci
ent
a
n d hyst
eret
i
c energy dem anded by st
ruct
u re i
n case of const
ant
di
spl
acem ent
duct
il
i
ty have rel
at
i
on wi
h st
t
ruct
ur
e per
iod.Dur
ing di
ferent
st
ruct
u re per
iod r
n ge.t
a
he
val
ue of
he t
iel
y
d r
esi
s
t
n ce
a
s
ei
s
mi
c
toe伍ci
ent
a
n d hyst
er
et
i
c
ener
gy may be di
ferent.And i
t
i
s i
mport
ant
a
n d unnecessary for sel
ect
i
ng t
he severest
g
r ound m ot
i
on f
or st
r
uc.
ur
t
e of
ever
y per
iod.Bas
ed on s
t
udy
ing a reat
g
deal
i
nel
st
a
i
c
r
es
pons
e spect
r
a
n d a
ene
r
y g
spect
r
a,
we f
ind t
hat
consta
nt
duct
i
li
t
y spect
ra a
n d hyst
er
et
ic energy spect
ra dur
ing t
h e short
per
iod range (
0 ̄0.
5 s)
,m
i ddl
e
per
iod r
ange(
0.
5-I.
5 S)and l
ong pe
iod r
r
a
nge(1.
5-5.
5 s
)wi
l
l
keep a
r
el
at
i
ve 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
No.
3 XIE Li
.1
i
,el
al
:SEVEREST GROUN D M OTI
ON FOR SEISM I
C DESI
G N AND ANA LYSIS 267 steady f
orm .So i
n t
hi
s paper t
h e st
r
ucnl
re per
iods are di
vi
ded i
nto t
hree part
s:short
per
iod range (
0-0.
5 s
)
,mi
ddl
e
per
iod r
ange(
O.
5-1.
5
s
)a
n d l
ong per
iod r
n ge(
a
1.
5~5.
5 s
)
.The
se
ver
es
t
desi
gn gr
ound m ot
ions correspondi
ng t
o di
ferent
si
t
e condi
t
i
on a
n d di
ferent
per
iod ranges
a
r e sel
ect
ed respect
i
vel
y.Fi
gures 5 a
n d 6 show t
h e mea
n const
n t
a
duct
i
l
i
t
y spect
ra a
n d mea
n hystereti
c energy spect
ra of 56 records
col
l
ect
ed i
n f
orei
gn count
r
y.The f
igures
prove t
hat
t
he shape of const
ant
duct
i
l
i
t
y s
pect
ra a
n d hyst
eret
ic spect
ra keep a rel
at
i
ve st
eady f
or
m dur
ing t
h e t
hree per
iod r
anges
m ent
i
oned above.
T 鲁 Fi
gure 5 M ea
n const
nt
a
duct
i
l
i
t
y s
pect
r
a Fi
gur
e 6 M ea
n hys
t
er
eti
c ener
gy spect
ra 3.
2.
5 Inf
luence of si
te condi
ti
on and peak val
ue of accel
erati
on h e T
real
ground mot
i
on si
t
e condi
t
i
on shoul
d be consi
st
ent
wi
t
h t
h e si
t
e of st
ruct
ur
e i
n prac.
ice,l
r
i
kewi
se,t
h e peak accel
erati
on of r ound mot
g
i
on shoul
d equal
t
o t
h e val
ues
of codes.So i
n select
i
ng t
he severest
r ound g
m oti
ons,i
t
shoul
d be sel
ect
ed f
or
di
f erent
si
te condi
t
i
on n d a
t
he real
r ound g
mot
i
ons
shoul
d be scal
ed t
o desi
n accel
g
erat
i
on speci
ied f
by code.I
n thi
s PaDer,t
h e acce1
.
erat
i
on of real
g
r o ̄ d m ot
i
ons a
r e nor
m al
i
zed t
o t
h e sal
Tl
e l
evel
bef
ore com par
ing t
he damage po.
tent
i
al
of di
f
ferent
r ound g
mot
i
on wi
m i
t
s pa
r am et
er
s.
4 Process of sel
ecting the severest design ground m oti
on Fi
st
r
,t
he
s
t
r
uct
ur
e
per
iods
a
re di
vi
ded i
nt
o t
hr
ee par
t
s:s
hor
t per
iod r
n ge(
a
O—0.
5 s)
,m
i ddl
e pe
iod r
r
n ge(
a
O.
5-1.
5 s
)a
n d l
ong per
iod r
n ge(1.
a
5-5.
5 s
),a
n d he t
si
t
e
condi
t
i
on of
r ound g
mot
i
on i
s
c
l
a
ss
i
ied f
i
nt
o our
f
cl
as
si
ica
f
t
i
ons(
I
,I
I
,I
I
I
,I
V)i
n t
e
m r
of
code
GB500 1
1.
200 1.Ne
xt
,t
he
yi
el
d resi
st
ance sei
sm
i c coe伍 ci
ent
a
n d hyst
eret
i
c energy demanded by st
ruct
u re under dif
f
erent
ground mot
i
on(
i
n ca
se
of cons
t
nt
a
duct
i
l
i
t
y)a
re
cal
cul
at
ed.Accor
di
ng t
o t
he
val
ues
of he t
yi
el
d r
esi
s
t
nc
a
e seismic coem ci
ent
a
n d hyst
eret
i
c energy t
h e f
inal
ranks of r ound mot
g
i
on cor espondi
ng t
o di
f-
ferent
cases a
r e gai
ned.Because of h e space l
t
i
mi
a ti
t
on.t
h e detai
l
s
of r ound m ot
g
i
ons a
r e pre.
s
ent
ed i
n 1
i
t
er
at
ur
e(
ZHAI
.2002)
.Fi
nal
l
y,accordi
ng t
o he
t
r
anks
of
yi
el
d r
es
i
s
t
n ce
a
sei
s
mi
c
coe
f
-
ici
f
ent
and hyst
ereti
c energy dem a
n ded by st
ruct
ur
e under
di
ierent
f
ground m ot
i
on,t
he t
op rank t
wo forei
n r
g
ecords
a
n d t
op rank one record i
n Chi
nese prepari
ng sel
ect
i
on dat
abase a
r e sel
ect
ed as
he
t
se
ver
es
t
desi
n g
r ound g
mot
i
ons(
t
ot
al
1
8 r
e
cor
ds
)
.Her
e
i
f
w o t
r
ec
or
ds
re a
w o t
compone
nt
s
of one r ound g
m ot
i
on,t
he t
w o records
a
r e consi
dered as
one.And h e t
t
r ee h
records shoul
d be co1
.
1
ect
ed i
n di
ff
erent eart
hquake a
n d di
ff
erent
si
t
e st
at
i
on.Fi
f
t
een g
r oups of severest
desi
n g
g
r o ̄ d mot
i
ons(
el
even f
or
ei
n g
g
roups
a
n d f
our
Chi
ne
se
g
roups
)a
re
pr
es
ent
ed by compl
ement
i
ng t
he
cor espondi
ng ot
h er com ponent
s.Tl
l
e severest
desi
n ground g
m ot
i
ons cor espondi
n g di
ferent
si
te condi
t
i
on n d a
di
ferent
st
rucnJre per
iod r e a
shown n i
Table 2.
维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
268 ACTA SEI
SM OLOGI
CA SI
NI
CA Vb1
.
16 Tabl
e 2 The s
everest
desi
gn ground mot
i
ons
of s
i
t
e I
,II
,II
I
and I
V Short
-period st
ruct
ure i
nput
Mi
ddl
e-p
e rio
d st
ruct
ure i
nput
l
ong-
e ri
p
od st
ructure i
nput (
0.
0-
4)
.
5
s
)
(
0.
5-1
.
5 s
)
(
I.
5
-5.
5
s)
Si
t
e C0n - di
ti
on G rou p Rec0rdn揶 e c。mp
G rou
. N。
N。
.
J
l985,La Uni
on,
N90E* Mi
choacan N0OE★ M exi
co Ver
t l994,Los
Angel
es 360* Rec。r
dn揶 e c。mp.
Rec。r
dn揶 e c。mp.
. Fl
1985,La Uni
on,
Mi
choacan F2
N90E Fl
N00E* M exi
co Ver
t l994,L
o s
Angel
es
360* Grif
it
h Observati
on,
270 Gri
币 th Obser。
270 Northr
idge Ver
t
rati
on,Nor
thr
idge Ver
t F2
l985,La Union,
N90E Mi
choacan N00E* M exi
co Ver
t
l994,Los Angel
es
360* Gri
i th Obser_
f
t hr
idge vati
0n Nor
270 Ver
t
,
Ⅳl
l988,Zhut
ang A,
S00E* Langcang S90E Nt
1988,Zhut
ang A,
Langcang Ven I
l
I97I,Cast
ai
c N69W * Ol
dbri
dge Route,
San Fem ando 1979,El
Cent
ro,
Ar
r ay#l
0
N69W * . I
mp
e ri
alVal
l
ey I
ll
Ⅳ】
F9
N2IE Ar
r ay#10,
Ver
t lmp
e ri
alVal
l
ey F5
N2IE I952,Ta ,
N2IE★ Kem Count
y Ver
t Gengr
naI
S90E l984,Coyote Lake 285★ Dam,M organ Hi
l
l
l95 l8O Fs
N69W 1952,Ta
,
N2
I988,Gengr
na,
Gengm al
S00E* Fl2
1988,Gengr
na,
S00E* Gengm al
S90E Ver
t N2
S90E Vert
l940,El
Ce
nt
ro- l8O l940,El
Cent
ro- l8O I
mp Vl
al
l
I
r
r Dis
t,
270* I
m p Vl
al
l
I
r Dist
,
270* ElCent
ro Ver
t 1966,Chol
m e a
N65E* 270★ Shandon Array 2.
≠≠ Ver
t Parkf
iel
d Ver
t 1
988,Ge
ngr
na,
So0E★ l988
,Gengr
na,
S00E* Gengr
na2 S90E Gengma2 S90E Ⅳ】
F5
ElCent
ro Vert
l952,Ta ,
N2lE★ Ker
n Count
y N69W 1
988,Gengma,
S00E* Gengr
na2 S90E Vert
Ⅳ】
Vert
Fs
Ver
t N2IE★ N69W Ver
t F7 N2IE Ker
n County Ver
t ElCen ̄o Vert
I949,Ol
ympi
a 356* 1949,Ol
m pi
y
a 356* HwyTest
Lab,
86 HwyTest
Lab,
86 HwyTestL
a b,
86 W estern W ashi
ngton Vert
W est
ern W ashi
ngton Vert
We
st
ern W a
s hi
ngt
on Ver
t 198l,W est
m or and W es
tmorel
and 90* 0 1984,Parkf
ield Faul
t
Zone 14
90* 1979,El
Cent
ro 23O★ 1
976,Ti
an
j
i
ng
WE* Hospi
tal
,Tangshan SN Vert
{ V n Array#10,
Flo
Vert
I t } }
N69W * l
mper
ialVal
l
ey M Fs
Fll
1949,Ol
m pi
y
a 356* 0 Arr
ay#6,
1
40 Coal
i
nga Vert
I
mp
er
i al
Val
l
ey Ver
t l
976,Ti
anj
i
ng WE* 1
976。Ti
anj
i
ng W E* ,
Ⅳ.
I979,El
Cen ̄o,
Ver
t Ver
t I
V S90E N2IE S00E* . S00E* Langcang N69W * 1988,Gengrna,
1
940,El
Cent
rol
mp Vl
al
Il
rr
Di
st
1988,Zhut
ang A,
I979,El
Cen ̄o,
Ven F7
Nt
S90E V n Vert
F6
S00E* Hospi
tal
,Tangshan SN*
Vert
Ⅳ.
Hospit
al
,
Tangshan SN Ver
t Not
e:固 Sy
m bol
★ denotes the component
of gr
ound moti
on.by whi
ch t
he g
r ou
n d moti
on Wa
s s
el
ected a
s t
he severest
desi
gn r ound g
mot
i
ons.The r
ecor
ds t
hat
have no sy
m bol”★”denot
e other ones col
l
ect
d e
i
n h e t
same si
te;0 Sy
m bol” denot
es
t
he r
ecords f
rom out
si
de oft
he count
r
y and sy
m b
o l
p denot
e Chi
nese r
ecor
ds;Q Sy
m b
o l
幸掣 denotes t
he com p
o nent
s t
hat
are not
avai
l
abl
e Here i
t
shoul
d be noted,t
he Chi
nese severest
ground m oti
ons i
n t
hi
s
paper are severest
onl
y f
or cur
rent
Chi
nese g
r ound m oti
ons not
f
o r f
orei
gn g
r ou
n d m ot
i
ons.As t
h e quant
i
t
y of Chi
nese st
rong r ou
g
n d m ot
i
ons i
s very sm al
l,especi
al
l
y f
or h e nea
t
r ・f
iel
d st
rong g
r ou
n d m ot
i
ons,t
h e Chi
.
nese severest
r ound g
m ot
i
ons r e a
far
from h e t
severest
i
n t
h e worl
d.
5 Exam pl
es The severest
desi
n g
g
r ound m ot
i
ons a
r e veri
ied f
by com pari
ng t
h e sei
sm i
c response of st
ruc.
t
ure under
h e sever
t
est
desi
n g
r ound g
m oti
ons n d a
h e t
comm onl
y used r ou
g
n d mot
i
ons.
维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
No.
3 XI
E Li
.
1
i
,el
al
:SEVEREST GROUND M OTI
ON FOR SEISM I
C DESI
GN AND AN ALYSI
S 269 5.
1
Exam pl
e 1
The Zhengda Square of Fuzhou i
s l
ocat
ed at
t
he cent
er
of Fuzhou.The mai
n bui
l
di
ng i
s a hi
gh-
ise buil
r
di
n g wi
h rei
t
nf
orced concret
e and shear w al
ls.I
t
s hei
ght
i
s 1
62 m .T
h e i
nel
ast
i
c sei
smi
c response progr
am of DRA I
N一
2D i
s used i
n t
hi
s exampl
e.T
h e sei
sm
i c i
nel
s ti
a
c response t
i
me
hi
s
t
or
y of
he t
bui
l
di
ng i
s
per
for
med under
he t
ma
j
or
ea
rt
hqua
ke of Fuzhou.T
he
ir
f
s
t
per
i
od n d a
secondper
iodofst
ruct
urea
r e 2.
6944 sa
n d O.
732 5 s.
Four s ̄ong ground mot
i
ons
a
r e sel
ect
ed f
or i
nput,a
m ong whi
ch t
hree s ̄ong r ound g
m ot
i
ons re
a
pr
ovi
ded by si
t
e
des
i
gn g
rou
n d mot
i
on par
amet
er
s
r
epor
t
of
Zhengda Pr
o
ject
i
n Fuzhou,t
he o urt
f
h i
s
t
h e severest
desi
n g
g
r ound m oti
on recom mended by t
his
paper.T
h e pea
k accel
er
at
i
on cor
r
es
pondi
ng t
o ma
j
or
ea
r
t
hqua
k e i
s
nor
m al
i
zed t
o 230 cr
r
gs
.T
h e our
f
round g
mot
i
ons
re a
f
ol
—
l
owed:
1
)Ma
n—
made
round g
mot
i
on;
2)El
Cent
r
o(
NS)of
1
940 r ound g
mot
i
on;
3)Hol
i
s
t
er
of 1
961
gr
ou
n d mot
i
on;
4)El
Cent
r
o(
WE)of
1940 rou
g
n d mot
i
on.
Under h e f
t
our g
r ound m oti
ons ment
i
oned above,t
h e di
spl
acem ent
of h e m
t
a i
n bui
l
di
ng t
op st
or
y i
s gai
ned.T
h e absol
ut
e maxi
m um di
spl
acement
a
n d m axi
m um di
spl
acem ent
a
n gl
e of h e t
pea
k poi
nt
r e l
a
i
st
ed i
n Tabl
e 3.I
t
cai
1
be observed h at
t
h e t
response of st
ruct
ure under h e severest
t
desi
n g
g
r ou
n d mot
i
ons
recomm ended by t
hi
s paper i
s l
r ger t
a
ha
n t
hat
under t
h e com
m
onl
y used r ou
g
n d mot
i
ons.
Tabl
e 3
Abs
ol
ut
e maxi
m um di
s
pl
acement
and maxi
m um di
s
pl
acem ent
n gl
a
e oft
he peak poi
nt
5.
2 Exampl
e 2 New ci
t
y m ansi
on ofTokyo i
s
48 st
or
ies above h e t
r ound g
n d a
i
t
s height
i
s 243 m .T
h e st
ruc—
t
ure i
s a super st
eel
st
ruct
ure syst
em .T
h e per
iod oft
h e st
ruct
ur
e i
s
5.
234 s a
n d i
t
s dam pi
ng a ti
r
o i
s 0.
02.T
he
pea
k accel
er
at
i
on cores
pondi
ng t
o ma
jor
e
ar
t
hqua
k e i
s
nor
m al
i
zed t
o 745
cr
n/
s
.Ni
ne
s ̄ong g
r ou
n d mot
i
ons
are sel
ect
ed for i
nput,am ong wh
i ch t
wo st
rong g
r ound m oti
ons a
r e t
h e El
Cent
r
o r
ecor
d f
NS)of 1
940 a
n d Taf
t
r
ecor
d of
1
952,t
he
ot
her
s
even gr
ound mot
i
ons
a
re t
he
sever
est
desi
n g
g
r ound m ot
i
ons recomm ended by t
hi
s paper.T
h e ni
ne g
r ound m oti
ons a
r e a
s f
ol
—
l
owi
ng:
1
)El
Cent
ro(
NS)of
1940(
shor
te
n or
f
m i
s
40EL1)
;
2)T
af
t of
1
952(
s
hor
ten or
f
m i
s
Taf
t)
;
3)Gengma(
S00E)of
1
988(
s
hor
ten or
f
m i
s
Gengma)(
si
t
e
condi
t
i
on i
s
I
I
I
)
;
4)El
Cent
r
o(
EW )of 1
940(
s
hor
ten or
f
m i
s
40EL2)(
si
t
e condi
t
i
on i
s
I
I
I
)
;
5)ElCent
r
oAr
my#1
0,I
mpe
m lVa
l
l
e
yCAof1
979(
s
hor
tenf
or
mi
s
79EL1)(
s
i
t
econdi
ioni
t
sn3;
6)La Uni
on,M i
choaca
n Mexi
co of
1
985(
s
hor
ten or
f
m i
s
Mex)(
s
i
t
e condi
t
i
on i
s
I
)
:
7)Los
Angel
es
,Gri
f
it
f
h Obser
vat
i
on,Nor
t
hr
i
dge of 1
994(
s
hor
ten or
f
m i
s
Nor
t
hri
dge)(
si
t
e
condi
t
i
on i
s
I
)
;
8)ElCe
nt
e Ar
r
r
a
y ,
I
mpe
r
i
lVa
a
l
l
e
yCA of1
979(
s
hor
t
e
nf
or
m i
s
79EL2)(
si
t
econd
it
i
oni
sI、
,
)
;
9)Ol
ympi
a Hwy Tes
t
La
b,West
e
r
n Wa
s hi
ngt
on of 1
949(
s
hor
ten or
f
m i
s
Ol
m pi
y
a)(
s
i
t
e con—
维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
270 ACTA SEI
SM OLOGI
CA SI
NI
CA V|
o1
.
1
6 di
t
i
on i
s
I
V).
Under
t
he ni
ne ground m ot
i
ons ment
i
oned above,t
h e di
spl
acem ent
at
h e t
t
op of h e t
st
ruct
ure and al
so t
h e maxi
m um i
nt
er.
.
story di
spl
acement
bet
w een t
h e t
w o consecut
i
ve st
or
ies are gmned.
The resul
t
i
s shown i
n Tabl
e 4.It
ca
n be observed h at
t
h e response t
of st
ruct
ure under h e t
severest
s l
arger t
ha
n t
h at
under t
h e comm on used desi
gn g
r ound m oti
ons recom m ended by t
hi
s paper i
r ound g
m ot
i
ons.
ac em
Tabl
e
4 Absol
ut
e maxi
mum di
s
pl
acement
at
t
he t
op of st
r
uct
ure
and t
he maxi
mum i
nt
er-
s
t
or
y di
s
p1
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
en t
.
.
.
.
.
.
—
—
5.
3 Shert rem arks I
n t
he exampl
es m ent
ioned above,t
h e sei
smic response of hi
gh-
ise rei
r
nforced concret
e st
ructure a
n d super st
eel
st
ruct
u re i
s a
n al
yzed.I
t
ca
n be obser
v ed t
h at
t
h e response of st
ruct
ur
es
under
t
h e severest
desi
n g
g
r ound m ot
i
ons r
ecom
m
sever
al
t
i
m es t
ha
n t
h at
under t
he com
ended by t
hi
s paper i
s f
rom a l
i
t
tl
e l
arger t
o on used r ound g
mot
i
ons.T
h e val
i
di
t
y a
n d rel
i
abi
l
i
t
y of t
he sever
est
dei
n g
g
r ound m ot
i
on a
r e ver
if
ied pr
el
imi
nar
y.Besi
des,t
h e seism
i c response a
n al
ysi
s of i ddl
m
e.or l
ow.
st
ory br
ick st
ruct
ures a
n d ret
i
cul
at
ed s
hel
l
s st
ruct
ur
es
a
r e di
scussed i
n h e l
t
i
t
emt
u re (
ZHAI
,2002)
.T
h e
s
ame
c
oncl
us
i
ons
wer
e al
s
o wor
ked out
.
6 C oncl
usions h e concept
T
of the severest
desi
n g
g
r ound mot
i
on i
s presented i
n t
h e paper.A r
ecent
l
y de‘
vel
oped com prehensi
ve m et
hod f
or
est
i
m at
i
ng dam age pot
ent
i
al
of r ou
g
n d m ot
i
ons i
s used i
n se・
l
ect
i
ng t
h e severest
desi
n g
g
r ound m ot
i
on.The severest
desi
n g
g
r ound m ot
i
ons
correspondi
ng t
o four cl
assif
icat
i
ons of si
t
e condi
t
i
ons a
n d three per
iod ranges of st
ruct
ures a
r e at
t
ai
ned.T
h e three pe
iod r
r
n ges
a
ofs
t
r
uct
ur
e re a
l
ong per
iod r
n ge
a
s(
1.
5-5.
5
s)
,m
i ddl
e per
iod r
anges(
0.
5~1.
5 s
)a
n d s
hor
t
pe
iod r
r
n ges(
a
0.
0-
4)
.
5 s
).At
he
t
e
nd,t
he val
i
di
t
y n d a
r
el
i
abi
l
i
t
y of
he t
s
ever
es
t
dei
n g
rou
g
n d mot
i
ons a
r e ver
if
ied prel
i
mi
nar
y by t
w o exa
m pl
es.111
e sever
est
desi
n g
g
r ou
n d mot
i
ons
provi
de h e i
t
nput
f
o r seism i
c a
n al
ysi
s a
n d desi
n ofst
g
ruct
u res a
n d t
h ey ca
n be used di
rectl
y i
n eart
hquake engi
neer
ing resea
r ch n d a
practi
ce.
I
n addi
t
i
on。f
rom t
hi
s paper i
t
ca
n be obser
v ed h at
t
h e dam age pot
t
ent
i
al
of the cur
rent
l
y f
re-
f },1
‘
P 餐 { {
鼋 亭 鲁 鼍 t t 鼍 ; {
鼋 专 善 莒 薏 董 { quent
l
y us
ed s
t
rong r ound g
mot
i
on {
s,s
uch as
t
he
El
Cent
ro S)of
1
9董
40
,i
s
mu
l
o董
we
ha
t
n ha
t
l c
童h r
善
墨
lt
鼍
of t
he sel
ect
ed severest
desi
gn r ound g
m ot
i
ons recomm ended i
n hi
t
s pape ̄ I
t
i
s wort
hwhi
le t
o not
e t
h at
t
he conc印 t
of t
he severest
desig
n g
r ound m ot
ions is a rat
h er compl
ex i
dea.w hich is
not
onl
y connect
ed w i
h t
t
h e charact
er
ist
ics
of g
r ound m ot
ions,but
al
so wi
h t
bot
h h e t
r ound mot
g
i
on dam age pot
ent
i
al
a
n d st
ruct
ur
e dam age mechani
sm we adopted.T
h e severest
desig
n g
r ound m ot
ions present
ed i
n t
hi
s paper r e rel
a
at
i
ve ones,nam el
y,t
h e severest
de—
si
n g
r ound mot
g
i
ons
pr
esent
ed here a
r e sel
ect
ed f
rom st
rong r ound g
m ot
i
on
s i
n exi
st
ence wi
h t
t
he peak accel
er
at
i
on i
n accordance wi
h t
h e desig
t
n accel
erat
i
on speci
ied f
by h e exi
t
st
i
ng sei
sm
i c de—
si
gn code.A s i
ncreasi
ng of fur
ther under
st
n di
a
ng t
o t
h e g
r ound m ot
i
on dam age pot
ent
i
al
a
n d st
ruct
u re damage mecha
n i
sm .t
h e new severest
desi
n g
g
r ound m ot
i
ons wi
l
l
be f
ou
n d wi
h t
t
h e ac—
l 善 董 } 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com
No.
3 XIE Li
-l
i
,el
al
:SEVEREST GROLI
ND M OTI
ON FOR SEI
SM I
C DESI
GN AN D ANALYSIS 271
cumul
at
i
ng of s ̄ong ground mot
i
on records.
A cknow l
edgem ents The ground m ot
i
ons used i
n t
he paper are provided by A ssoci
at
ed Pr
of
.YU Hai
—
yi
ng of I
ns
t
i
t
ut
e of
Engi
ne
er
i
ng Mechani
cs(
I
EM)
,Chi
na Sei
smol
og
ical
Bur
eau.
Pr
of.SUN Ji
ng-
ji
n g a
of I
I
三
M pr
ovi
ded he
t
exampl
e 1
n d a
Dr
.ZHANG Wen—
yua
n ofHar
bi
n I
ns
t
i
-
t
ut
e of Technol
ogy(
HI
T)pr
ovi
ded he
t
exa
m pl
e 2 n i
hi
t
s
pa
per
.Al
l
hei
t
r
as
si
s
t
ance t
o t
hi
s
paper
i
s
much appreci
at
ed.
References
Code
GB 50
01
1
-
2001.2001.
Code『
or
S
ei
smi
c
De
si
gn o
fBui
l
di
ngs[
M]
.Bei
j
i
ng:
Chi
na Bui
l
di
ng I
ndust
r
y Publ
i
s
her
,I
 ̄30 L
i
n Chi
nes
e
).
Ma
s
ayos
hi
N,Ka
zuhi
r
o S,Sunzo
1
9
96.Ene
r
g
y i
nput
a
nd di
s
si
p
at
i
on beha
vi
or
of
s
t
r
uct
ur
e
s
wi
t
h
hys
t
er
et
i
c
d
amper
s【
J
】
.EESD,25:
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Naei
m Ander
son J
C.1
993.Cl
a
s
si
ic
f
at
i
on nd a
Eva
l
u
at
i
on of
Ear
t
hqua
ke Re
cor
ds
f
or
De
s
i
g
n【
R】
Reportt
oEERIand FEM A,84-
,
-106.
ZHAI
Cha
n g-
hai
.2
002.Re
se
ar
c
h on t
h
e Sev
e
re
s
t
De
si
gn Gr
ound Mot
i
ons【
D】
:[
Ma
st
er
The
si
s
]
.Ha
r
bi
n:I
ns
t
i
t
ut
e of Engi
ne
er
i
ng Me
.
c
ha
ni
cs
,Chi
na
s
ei
s
mol
ogi
c
al
Bur
e
au,l
O(
i
n Chi
nes
e)
.
ZHAI
Cha
n g。
hal
,XI
E Li
-
li
.2002.A comp ̄ hem i
ve me ̄od f
o r s ti
e
mat
i
ng n d compari
a
ng t
he damage potent
ial
of st
rong ground m oti
on 【
J
】
.Ear
t
hqu
akeEngi
nee
ri
ngandEn
gi
nee
ri
ng F ̄
br
at
i
o
n,22(
5)
:I
-7(
i
n
Chi
ne
s
e)
.