History Year 9 Term 5-6 Cold War Knowledge Organiser
KEY NAMES
1.
Stalin (leader USSR 1923-53)
2.
Roosevelt (US 1933-45)
3.
Churchill (1940-45)
4.
‘The Big Three’ (Stalin, Roosevelt & Churchill)
5.
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation- USA, Britain &
Western European allies)
6.
Warsaw pact (USSR & Eastern European allies)
7.
Fidel Castro: Cuban Communist, led successful revolution
8.
Khrushchev: leader of USSR (1953-1964)
9.
JFK: Kennedy, US President 1960-63
10. CIA: Central Intelligence Agency, USA spies
11. U2: spy planes, operated by CIA
12. Ho Chi Minh: Communist leader N. Vietnam
13. Ngo Diem: leader democratic S. Vietnam
14. LBJ: Lyndon Baines Johnson, President USA (1963-69)
15. William Calley: convicted for My lai massacre
16. Vietminh / Vietcong: S. Vietnamese communists
17. NVA: North Vietnamese army (Communist)
No
Name
No
Name
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)
39.
Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)
33.
Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)
40.
Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
34.
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)
41.
George Bush (1989-1993)
35.
John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)
42.
Bill Clinton (1993-2001)
36.
Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)
43.
George W. Bush (2001-2009)
37.
Richard Nixon (1969-1974)
44.
Barack Obama (2009-2017)
38.
Gerald Ford (1974-1977)
45.
Donald Trump (2017- )
KEY WORDS
1.
Arms race: the competition between USA / USSR to gain more weapons than the other
2.
Ideology: ideas that run a country (e.g. Communism / democracy)
3.
Communists (the reds): believe in equality & strong government control to get it
4.
Capitalist / democratic: belief in individual rights and voting
5.
Super power: a country that can (economically, culturally or militarily) influence others
6.
Doctrine: a set of ideas
7.
MAD: Mutually Assured Destruction (the idea that nuclear war can’t happen as EVERYONE would die
8.
Buffer states: eastern Europe, a protective ‘buffer’ between the USSR & Germany
9.
Nuclear holocaust / Armageddon: the recognition that Nuclear war could make humans extinct
10.
Blockade: stopping anything entering / leaving a place (e.g. Berlin & Cuba)
11.
Domino theory & Containment: problem= countries fall (like dominos) to communism.
Containment=solution
12.
Guerrilla tactics: used by Vietcong. Tunnels, booby traps, Ho chi minh trail, blend in with civilians
13.
US tactics:, rolling thunder, search & destroy, 1 year tour, helicopters, napalm, agent orange,
Vietnamization, AWOL, fragging, the draft
TIMELINE
Post Second World War
Yalta (Feb) 1945
Potsdam (July) 1945
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
(August) 1945
1945-48 Salami tactics
used on Hungary, East
Germany, Albania,
Poland & Romania
1946 Churchill ‘Iron
curtain’ speech
1946 George Keenan
(US) long telegram
1947 Truman Doctrine
1947 Marshall aid
1948-49 Berlin
Blockade
1949 USSR gets the
bomb
1949 China becomes
communist
Cuban Missile Crisis
1959 Cuban
(Communist)
revolution
1960 USA bans trade to
or from Cuba
1961 bay of pigs
1962 (14th OCT) U2
pictures of Cuban
missile sites
1962 (22 OCT) JFK
announces Blockade
1962 (25 OCT) USSR
ships reach blockade &
turn around
1962 (26th OCT) JFK &
Khrushchev reach deal
Vietnam War
1942-45 Communists
fight Japanese
occupation
1945-54 Communists
fight French occupation
1954 French defeated,
Vietnam divided
1964 Gulf of Tonkin
1965 Rolling thunder &
US troops on the
ground
1968: My Lai, Tet,
turning point?
1969: Vietnamization
1970 Kent state
massacre
1973 Paris peace
agreement
1974 US troops leave
1975 Vietnam United,
Communist country
32.
KEY EVENTS
1.
Yalta & Potsdam: failed meetings to organise the post WWII world
2.
Iron Curtain: Churchill’s phrase to describe the division of Europe
3.
Long telegram: warning by American ambassador of Stalin’s aggression
4.
Salami tactics: the approach used by Stalin to influence Eastern Europe. Opposition was removed 1 obstacle
at a time
5.
Truman doctrine: US military aid for any government fighting Communists
6.
Marshall plan: economic aid ($ & goods) to western Europe
7.
Berlin Blockade: Stalin shut road & rail access to West Berlin, threatening starvation of 2 million. US/Britain
supply aid by air. West Berlin remains democratic.
8.
USSR gets the atomic bomb
9.
China becomes Communist
10.
Bay of pigs- USA funds Cuban exiles to invade Cuba & get rid of Castro. Fails- JFK humiliated- determined
not to let this happen again.
11.
John F Kennedy assassinated – Lee Harvey Oswald is charged with the assassination
12.
Gulf Of Tonkin Incident: US ship ‘allegedly’ attacked. Used to begin large scale US troop action in S. Vietnam
13.
My Lai: 1968 massacre of Vietnamese civilian. Photos published a year later, blamed on William Calley.
14.
Tet offensive: new year 1968, 50 000 Vietcong & NVA killed but showed USA couldn’t win in Vietnam.
15.
Berlin Wall comes down, this signifies the end of the Cold War.