special feature
description
book packagers
Leibnizstrasse 33
D – 10625 Berlin
www.delius-books.de
C :B 7 ; /B 3 B 7 ; 3 : 7 < 3 A = 4
SW\SeSWbS`S5`c^^S[]RS`\S`;S\aQVS\d]\=abOT`WYOŒPS`ROa@]bS;SS`RSaaS\
EOaaS`abO\RhcRWSaS`HSWbaSV`\WSR`WUeO`OcTRWSO`OPWaQVS6OZPW\aSZD]\R]`b
P`SWbSbS\aWQVRWS;S\aQVS\\c\ZO\UaO[OPS`Y]\bW\cWS`ZWQV\OQV3c`]^Oc\R/aWS\
Ocac\RPSaWSRSZbS\PWad]` 8OV`S\OZaaWSOcQVAŒRO[S`WYOS``SWQVbS\^`OY
bWaQVOZZShcUw\UZWQVS\BSWZSRS`ESZb2WSDWSZTOZbc\bS`RS\VScbWUS\;S\aQVS\a]ZZbS
\WQVbŒPS`RWSabO`YS\US[SW\aO[S\Ec`hSZ\VW\eSUbwcaQVS\5S\SbWaQVSC\bS`ac
QVc\US\VOPS\SW\SU`]”SmV\ZWQVYSWbRS`3`PO\ZOUS\c\bS`OZZS\<WQVb/T`WYO\S`\
\OQVUSeWSaS\AWSOZZSD]`SbeO 8OV`S\eO\RS`bS\[]RS`\S;S\aQVS\hc[
S`abS\;OZOca/T`WYOOcaR]QVW[VScbWUS\7a`OSZadS`ZWS`baWQVhc\wQVabWV`SA^c`
D]`%8OV`S\hWSVbSW\SeSWbS`S5`c^^S[]RS`\S`;S\aQVS\d]\=abOT`WYOŒPS`
ROa@]bS;SS`RSaaS\EOaaS`abO\RhcRWSaS`HSWbaSV`\WSR`WUeO`OcTRWSO`OPWaQVS
20 fold-out pages with timelines
„The Ultimate Timeline of World History“
offers an exciting overview of events, developments and persons in human history. A continuous timeline in a breathtaking format, the book spans time and
space from the cave men to the election
of Barack Obama.
While historical texts make most of
the content, cultural-historical entries
are featured above the red line on every
timeline page to add to the picture of
ever changing civilizations. Every unit of
the book consists of a timeline, a bio­
'&'³ '%³'&'
'"#³'%
'!'³'"#
' ³'!'
'³' &#³'
&#³&#
%%³&#
$#³%%
#$³$#
"#³#$
#³"#
#³ #
#³#
³#
spring 2011
#³
6OZPW\aSZD]\R]`bP`SWbSbS\aWQVRWS;S\aQVS\\c\ZO\UaO[OPS`Y]\bW\cWS`ZWQV\OQV
5CB3@D3@:/5
OcaR]QVW[VScbWUS\7a`OSZadS`ZWS`baWQVhc\wQVabWV`SA^c`D]`%8OV`S\hWSVb
³#
pub date
D]`SbeO 8OV`S\eO\RS`bS\[]RS`\S;S\aQVS\hc[S`abS\;OZOca/T`WYO
!³
target group
format
pages
illustrations
word count
printing, paper
binding
may be followed by Ultimate Timelines of
... Architecture, ... Art, ... Science
general audience
29,5 x 25 cm / 11.61 x 9.84 inch
136 pages
ca. 700 illustrations
ca. 50000 words
full color on 190 g Offset
hardcover
³!
no. of volumes
E=@:267AB=@G
The Ultimate Timeline of World History
C:B7;/B3B7;3:7<3A=4
E=@:267AB=@G
5CB3@D3@:/5
graphy page and one spread dedicated
to the major events of the concerned
period of time.
Section introductions, ca. 700 full
­colour illustrations, and an intelligent
index make the book both a lively display of history and a useful reference
book.
Sales arguments
• large fold-outs
• intelligent and knowledgeable texts
• 700 illustrations
• reference for the whole family
• original gift
D e l i us boo k pack a g e r s
www.delius-books.de
the ult i m at e ti m e l i n e o f W o rld h istory: Table of con ten t
The book will have 20 6-page-sections, each consisting of
• 1 timeline
• 1 single page „Historical Figures“
• 1 double-page „Historical Events“
While the focus lies on the western world all sections will tie in important events and persons from the rest of the world.
Title, half title, table of content
–3000 BCE
3000–1000 BCE
1000–500 BCE
500 BCE–14 AD
14–500
500–1054
1054–1250
1251–1492
1492–1555
1555–1648
1648–1750
1750–1815
1815–1848
1848–1900
1900–1920
1920–1939
1939–1945
1945–1973
1973–1989
1989–today
Index
Prehistory
First Empires
Ancient World I: early Greek and Roman empires
In Focus: The Classical Period – Hellenistic Greece and the Roman Empire
Ancient World III: Late Antiquity and Great Migrations
Early Middle Ages
High Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages
Early Modern History: Renaissance
In Focus: Reformation and Religious wars
Absolutism
Era of revolutions
Restauration
Industrialization, Civil War in America
Decline of old empires, World War I
Interwar period
In Focus: World Wor II
Postwar order of the world and Cold War
Political globalisation
The contemporary world
D e l i us boo k pack a g e r s
www.delius-books.de
the ult i m at e ti m e l i n e o f W o rld h istory: Sample Page wi th fold-ou t timeline
1825 The Stockton
Biederis culturally
and Darlington Railway in north-eastern
England is the first
public rail service
designed for passenger travel.
Invention of the first
by Briton Ed-
1820
1821 Spain re-
cognises the independence of
Mexico.
1831 Realist French author
1835 Felix Mendelssohn appointed
and playwright Honoré de
Balzac publishes La Peau de
chagrin as part of his novel
sequence La Comédie humaine.
conductor of the Leipzig Gewandhaus
Orchestra.
1835 The fairytales of the Danish
author and poet Hans Christian
Andersen are published.
1821–1829 In the Greek War of Independence,
Greece wrestles its independence from the Ottoman Empire with the help of the European powers.
In the sea-battle of Navarino in 1827, the Egyptian
fleet, allied to the Ottomans, is defeated.
1829 The Roman Catholic
1830/1831 After the declaration
1812/1813 Napoleon’s
campaign in Russia
ends with an expensive
retreat for the French.
1814/1815 After the fall of Napoleon, Europe is
re-arranged at the Congress of Vienna. The German Confederation is created as a result.
gns of the Zulu king
Shaka cause the collapse
of the social and political
order in southern Africa;
hundreds of thousands
die as they flee.
1822 Brazil declares its
independence from Portugal.
1815–1817 In the
Second Serbian Uprising , Serbia wins its
autonomy from the
Ottoman Empire.
1823 In the so-cal-
led Monroe Doctrine, US president
James Monroe criticises European colonisation in the western hemisphere.
he Californian
ush reaches its
oint.
1848 The February
overthrows King Louis
Philippe. The Second
Republic is proclaimed.
1861 The abolition of
1860
uprising in India against colonial
rule and depose the last Mughal
Emperor Bahadur Shah II. He was
exiled to Burma, where he died in
1862, thus bringing the Mughal
dynasty, reigning since the 16th
century, to an end.
modern Tokyo to force
Opium Wars of Britain
against China; Hong Kong
Japan to open up to trade
with the west.
1853–1856 During the Crimean
becomes a British colony.
War, British, French, and Otto-
Carlist Wars, a
series of civil wars
between liberals
and conservatives, engulf
Spain.
848/1849 Beginning in France, a series of
revolutions unsettle all of Europe. New social
classes demand a share of power. In most states,
including Germany, the uprisings are brutally
suppressed.
1859-1861 With the support of France
man armies stop the Russian
expansion in the regions
around the Black Sea.
1847–1874 The
serfdom in Russia.
1857–1858 The British suppress an
1854 US warships land in
1840–1842 First of the
Dunant founds the International Red Cross.
is published.
parte, French president since
1848, founds the Second
Empire (until 1870).
Revolution in France
een the
lishes
Bovary“ by Gustave Flaubert
1852 Napoleon III. Bona-
1856–1860 In the Second
Opium War, the British force
the Chinese market to open up,
resulting in the collapse
of the internal market.
against Austrian opposition, Italian
nationalists manage to unify Italy,
called Risorgimento (The
Resurgence).
1869 The Suez Canal is
constructed.
1852
n III. BonaBonaNapoleon
1852 Napoleo
February
overthrows
tion in France
overthrows
in France
King Louis
Philippe. The
SeThe SeLouis Philippe.
King Republic
cond
is proclaimed.
ed.
cond Republic is proclaim
1840–1842 First of the
First of the
Opium Wars of Britain
of Britain
against China; Hong Kong
Hong Kong
becomes a British colony.
becomes a British colony.
presidentt
parte, French presiden
parte
the
since 1848, founds the
since
1870).
Second Empire (until 1870).
Second
levant) is a painting by Claude Monet, for which the
Impressionist movement was named.
1885 Karl Benz
builds the first
automobile, which
is driven for the first
time in Mannheim in
1886.
founds the Standard Oil
Company.
1873–1874 First
Spanish Republic.
1880
1870
1870 After the defeat at Sedan
on September 1st, Napoleon III,
Emperor of France, is captured by
Prussian troops; on September
4th, the Third French Republic
is proclaimed.
1882 Britain se-
cures its control
over the Suez
Canal and the
whole of Egypt.
1881–1884 In Russia there are a series of pogroms
against the Jewish population. The government
1867 Das Kapital, a critique of the political
passes laws against Jews.
economy and one of the most significant works
of Karl Marx, is an analysis of criticism of capitalist society with wide-ranging consequences
in the workers’ movement and in the history of
the 20th century.
slave-owning southern states (the confederates)
secede from the USA. The American Civil War
begins and lasts until 1865.
1861–1872 President
0
186
1860
1870 John D. Rockefeller
(The Communist Manifesto, 1848)
coln, an opponent of slavery, as president, the
House of Savoy, becomes the first king of a united Italy.
1850
Charles
pubDarwin
Charles
of Species
Origin
lishes
of Species
Origin
lishes
of Natural
Means
by
of Natural
by Means, laying
the
Selection
Selection,
of thethe
onslaying
foundati
of then.
foundations
of evolutio
theory
theory of evolution.
1872/73 “Impression, Sunrise” (Impression, soleil
“A spectre is haunting
Europe, the spectre of
Communism”
1860/1861 After the election of Abraham Lin-
1861 Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont, from the
1848–1850 The German-Danish War
People’s Charter and the
founding of the Chartist
movement.
1863 The Swiss Henry
1856/57 The novel “Madame
1850
1836 Formulation of the
the United Kingdom, paving the way for football
to become the world‘s predominant spectator
sport.
publishes Origin of Species by Means
of Natural Selection, laying the foundations of the theory of evolution.
the first world fair of culture and industry.
The Crystal Palace is constructed out of
cast iron and glass by Joseph Paxton.
its independence from
the Netherlands; the
country draws up a liberal
constitution in 1831.
1863 The Football Association is formed in
1859 English scientist Charles Darwin
1851 The Great Exhibition in London is
1830 Belgium declares
Trek , the Boers migrate into
the interior of South Africa
and found a number of
republics.
and seizes power in France
again, ruling for one
hundred days. He is ultimately defeated on the 18th
of June at the Battle of
Waterloo.
74 “The Ring of the Nibelung”,
f four epic music dramas, is written
erman composer Richard Wagner.
(Eugène Delacroix,
1830)
of independence of Ecuador and
Venezuela, the Republic of Great
Colombia, founded by Simón Bolívar
in 1821, is dissolved, thus finally
ending Bolívar’s dream of a unified
Latin America.
1835–1841 In the Great
1815 Napoleon leaves Elba
devastating potato blight leads
famine in Ireland and a wave of
the United States.
“Liberty guides
the people”
1859 English scientist
1859 English
pubDarwinscientist
Great
fair of
London is the first world
is the first world fair of
culture and industry. The
Crysand industry. The Crysculture
tal
Palace is constructed
out of
is constructed out of
tal Palace
cast
iron and glass by
Joseph
Joseph
by
glass
and
cast iron
Paxton.
1848 The February RevoluRevolu-
of Queen Victoria, called the
Victorian era, the British
Empire stands at the zenith
of its powers.
sian troops defeat
a Polish uprising;
Poland becomes
incorporated into
1851 The Great Exhibitionn in
Exhibitio in
1871 King Wilhelm I of Prussia is proclaimed German
Kaiser at the foundation of
the German Reich under
Prussian leadership.
1870 Italian troops occupy Rome on September 20th;
end of the Papal State. Pope Pius IX becomes a prisoner in the Vatican.
1885 Karl Benz
ller
Rockefeller
1870 John
1870
JohnD.D.Rockefe
Oil
StandardOil
theStandard
foundsthe
founds
1870
y.y. D. Rockefeller
Compan
John
Compan
national Red Cross
founds the Standard Oil
Dunant founds the Inter874 First
874
1873–1
1873–1
Company.
national
.
Cross
Red
of
1861 The abolition
Republic.
SpanishRepublic
Spanish
serfdom in Russia.
1873–1874
1861
The abolition of
serfdom in Russia.
ted. Spanish Republic
constructed.
1869 The Suez Canal isisconstruc
builds the first automobile, which is
driven for the first
time in Mannheim
in 1886.
1863 The Swiss Henry
IntertheInterfoundsthe
Dunantfounds
Dunant
1863
The Swiss Henry
.
1869 The Suez Canal is constructed.
1870
1870
1870
1880
1870 After the defeat at Sedan
1882 Britain
secures its control over the
Suez Canal and
last colothe whole of
an uprising
against
in Indiathe
rule and depose
nial
II.
Shah
Egypt.
Bahadur
the last
and depose
nial ruleEmperor
Mughal
where
to Burma,
ShahheII.
Bahadur
Emperor
Mughal
was exiled
He
the he
1854
bringing
where
to Burma,
exiledthus
He was
in
land in
1854 US warships land
in 1862,
died
1881–1884 In Russia there are a series on.
since
reigning
the the
bringing
thus
died in 1862,
modern Tokyo to force
Japan
force Japan
dynasty,
Jewish populati
modern
Mughal
of pogroms against the
end. since the
to anreigning
dynasty,
Mughal
the
with the
to open up to trade with
laws against Jews.
century,
to
16th
The government passes
1848)
(The Communist Manifesto,
political
thepolitical
16th century, to an end.
west.
critiqueofofthe
west.
, ,aacritique
Kapital
1867
Das
1840 The Treaty of Waitangi between the
significantnt
mostsignifica
1859-1861 With the support of
themost
oneofofthe
andone
economyand
economy
the
856
n,
During
1853–1
1867
1859-1861
1853–1856
critioppositio
of
critiof political
of the
, aisiscritique
Kapital
DasKarl
the support of
With
During the
British and the native Maoris establishes
Austrian
analysis
ananalysis
an
Marx,
France against
Marx,
worksofofKarl
works
French,
unify
ging
to
ging
manage
wide-ran
Crimean War
significant
most
the
of
one
and
economy
opposition,
Austrian
against
France
British, French,
War,, British,
British rule in New Zealand.
ists
wide-ran
with
societywith
Italian national
capitalisttsociety
ofcapitalis
cismof
cism
(The
ntnt
moveme
and Ottoman
of critian analysis
Karl Marx,
works ofences
to unify
manageento
nationalists
Italian
stop
armies stop
Ottoman armies
moveme
called Risorgim
workers’
workers’
theis
Italy,
ininthe
consequences
the
consequ
n in
1847–1874
the Russian
century.
wide-ranging
with
capitalist
cism ofthe
calledce).
Italy,
in the
expansion
Russian expansio
Risorgimento (The
century.
20th
the20th
Resurgen
ofthe
1847–1874 The
historyofsociety
history
andininthe
Sea.
and
regions around
consequences in the workers’ movement
Black Sea.
the Black
around the
Resurgence).
Carlist
Wars, a
Carlist Wars
WilhelmI Iofof
1871
Wilhelm
century.
the 20th
and in the history of
1871
King
series
King
civil
of civil
series of
Abraham
of
Second
860
election
the
In
861
the
ed Ger1856–1
1856–1860 In the Second
After
1860/1
proclaimed
wars
Prussiaisisproclaim
Prussia
between
wars between
president,
force
slavery,ofasAbraham
t ofelection
founda1871
1860/1861
thefoundaatthe
Opium War
I of
Wilhelm
King at
After the
British force
the British
War,, the
liberals
Kaiser
Lincoln, an opponen
manKaiser
man
and conliberals and
(the confeopen
states as
Reich
ning southern
GermanReich
the Chinese
the
slave-ow
proclaimed
isGerman
Prussia
to open
market to
Chinese market
president,
of slavery,
, an opponent
Lincoln
servatives,
the
ofofthe
tion
tion
servatives, enThe American
collapse
ip.
the USA.
the
in
ip.
from
leadersh
resulting
leadersh
secede
up,
Prussian
collapse
the
in
resulting
confe(the
states
southern
slave-owning
the
foundathe
at
gulf
Spain.
Kaiser
man
Prussian
derates)
under
under
gulf Spain.
until 1865.
1879–1884 In the War of
begins and
of the internal
War secede
market.
internal market.
The American
the USA.
fromlasts
derates)
tion of the German Reich
Civil
1870–1871 In the Francoerer leadership.
Prussian
under
Civil War begins and lasts until 1865.
the Pacific, Chile, with
Septemb
on
Septemb
Romeon
Rome
occupy
occupy
troops
troops
1870
Italian
Prussian War, the Germans
Italian
becoEuropean aid, secures the
PiusIXIXbecoPopePius
-Piedmont, from the
State. .Pope
Sardinia
of
Papal
II
the
el
of
defeat France; the new Gerend
Emmanu
1861
20th;
1870 Italian troops occupy Rome on September
1848/1849 Beginning in France, a series of revoluVictor
.
from
Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont,
control of saltpetre
Italythe
series of revoluthe first king of a united
in the Vatican.
Reich becomes a powerbecomes
prisoner
man
a
Savoy,
mes
of
House
20th; end of the Papal State. Pope Pius IX becoof Savoy, becomes the first king of a united Italy.
tions unsettle all of Europe. New social classes
against Peru and Bolivia.
New social classes
ful force in Europe and wins
Europe.
t
socialist
872
unsettle
socialist
Vatican.
the
in
prisoner
a
mes
demand
a shareallofofpower.
In most states,
including
Presiden
radical
1861–1
the
radical
Paris,the
fallofofParis,
thefall
Afterthe
1871 After
Danish
In most states, including
850 The
GermanAlsace and Lorraine.
of power.
1848–1
1861–1872
1848–1850
share
nts
March
in
March
impleme
President
German-Danish
The
Germany,
uprisings
are brutally suppressed.
demand athe
in
power
Juárez
power
seize
ed.
Benito
seize
forces
istforces
communist
brutally suppress
andcommun
military conand
1871
which
the “sick man of the
e”, ,which
War consists
in Mexico; he
socialist
the radical
of Paris,
fall“Paris
After thethe
minor military conof minor
consists of
Juárez implements
Benitoreforms
Germany, the uprisings are
e”
Empire,
Commun
Commun
Ottoman
1875
“Paris
liberal
The
and
form
and
g-Holstein and
1871,
1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish
state
French
flicts over
power in March
seize
forces
and communist
he
Mexico;
inout
liberal reforms
Schleswig-Holstein
over Schleswi
to drive
May.
ed
ininMay.
manages
ed
suppress
Engels publish
Bosporus”, is forced to declare gement.
brutallysuppress
of Schleswig
wasbrutally
and Friedrich
was
Karl MarxManifesto
rly the
(until
warFrench
mismana
particula
civil out
1871, and form the “Paris Commune”, which
toadrive
manages
Duchy of Schleswig
the Duchy
particularly
the Communist
;; they
after
the
on the
troops
call on
they call
bankruptcy as a result of
ration
between the
troops after
was brutally suppressed in May.
Confederation
German Confede
the German
proletariat to rise up in revolutionn in
order to
). a civil war (until
1866/67
.
up in revolutio in order
Denmark
rise
of
to
at
the title
Kingdom
proletari
the
and
1866/67).
Kingdom of Denmark.
create a classless society.
1877 The British Queen Victoria takes
.
“Empress of India”
restoration ends the rule
1868
1868 The
1862–1890
ends the rule
Meiji restoration
The Meiji
As
1862–1890 As
in Japan. Under the Meiji
of
War: Serbia declares
the Meiji
Underthe
shoguns in Japan. 1912,
the shoguns
of the
Prussian
ulgarian
1885
minister
Serbo-B
Prussian minister
until
ruled
emperor
is defeated in the
the
1912, along
who ruled untilbegins
emperor,, who
president
and
war against Bulgaria but
president and
Japan
sation of
moderni
of the war, Euroof Japan begins along
modernisation
German
chancellor
Battle of Slivnitsa. As a result
German chancellor
western
the act of Unificalines.
western lines.
from
Otto von
1871, Otto
pean powers acknowledged
from 1871,
1830 The July Revolution forces the reactionary French King
Bismarck
imposes
tion of Bulgaria
Bismarck imposes
ungarian Compromise
Austro-H
1867 The
Compromise
Austro-Hungarian
The
Charles X of Bourbon to abdicate. Louis Philippe of Orléans
German
unity
under
Time Line | 55/56
ive
Ultimat
German unity
Empire into the
Austrian
s the
transform
the
into
Empire
Austrian
the
transforms
becomes King of the French (until 1848).
Prussian
leaderleadery.
Prussian
monarch
ungarian double
Austro-H
double monarchy.
Austro-Hungarian
ship.
ship.
1837–1901 During the reign
1830/1831 Rus-
liberal-minded officers and
intellectuals against the new
Russian Tsar Nicholas I.
occupy Algiers.
nian gold rush
reaches its high
point.
1840
1825 Decembrist uprising of
1830 French troops
Simón Bolívar
lead the Wars
of Independence in South America
against the colonial rule of Spain.
1849 The Califor-
potato blight leads to an
extended famine in Ireland
and a wave of emigration
to the United States.
1830
Relief Act in Britain culminates in the Catholic Emancipation movement.
1816–1828 The campai-
1845–1849 A devastating
1870–1871 In the Franco-
Prussian War, the Germans defeat France; the new German
Reich becomes a powerful force
1879–1884 In the War of
the Pacific, Chile, with
European aid, secures the
control of saltpetre against
1857–1858 The British suppress
colo1857–1858
against
India
suppress
British
an uprising inThe
ting
haunting
tre isis haun
spectre
“A spec
“A
of
tre of
tre
haunting
“A spectre
spec
theisspec
pe, the
pe,
Euro
Euro
ism” of
the
Europe,
ism”
munspectre
Commun
Com
1848)
to,1848)
Manifesto,
nistManifes
Communist
Commu
(TheCommunism”
(The
n III,
on September 1st, Napoleo
Emperor of France, is captured
by Prussian troops; on SeptemRepuber 4th, the Third French
blic is proclaimed.
All timelines feature
cultural historical entries on
top of the red line,
and entries on world
below of the red line.
history
www.delius-books.de
the ult i m at e ti m e l i n e o f W o rld h istory: Sample Page s
7[^S
`WOZWa
[
O\R7
\Rca
b`WOZW
aO
bW]\
'bVQ
S\bc`
g
1 page „Historical Figures“
1807/1810 The author Germaine de StaëlHolstein, who had been forced to leave
1804 Napoleon
France because of her opposition to Napoleon, writes her most significant work, “On
Germany” (De L’Allemagne). She shapes the
image of the ‘country of poets and thinkers’.
1816 “The Barber of
1825 The Stockton
Seville”, an opera by
Gioachino Rossini,
is premiered in Rome.
and Darlington
Railway in north-
=^Wc[EO`a7\bVSabO`b]TbVS
1815 Janes
'bVQS\bc`gbVS0`WbWaVPSUO\b]
Austen’s
eastern England is
the first public rail
service designed for
passenger travel.
novel “Emma”
is
WZZSUOZZgW[^]`bbVSW`]^Wc[T`][7\RWO
published.
b]1VW\OeVWQVaWU\W¿QO\bZgOTTSQbSR
1822 Invention of the first
bVSPOZO\QS]Tb`ORS
1815–1848 The Biedermeier
power loom by Briton
The
seizure
of large
amounts of opium by the Edmund Cartwright.
style
is culturally
dominant.
Chinese government in Canton led to the First
Opium War in &"³&" . China was totally
defeated by the British and, in&" , was forced
to allow the importation of opium as well as
1801–1809 Thomas Jefferson
1809–1848 Klemens Wenzel
1812–1814
In the
of the Sixth
give Great
Britain the
cityWar
of Hong
Kong.CoaliWith 1818 After the fall of the
becomes third president of the
Prince von Metternich, as the
tionOpium
a coalition
ofin
Austria,
Prussia, ,Rus&#$³&$
China Durrani Empire the Barakzai
the Second
War
United States of America.
chancellor of Austria, shapes the
sia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom fitribes found a new dynasty
was forced to open additional ports to the Eu‑
political landscape of Europe in
nally defeated France and drove Napowhich rules Afghanistan until
&#&
. With the
cheaper Eu‑ 1973.
ropeans in
1804 Imperial coronation of
the first half of the 19th century
leon
Bonaparte
intoinflux
exile onofElba.
ropean products. into the Chinese market the
Napoleon, on the 2nd Decemwith his conservatism. The ‘Met1821–1829 In the Greek
AQS\ST`][bVS=^Wc[EO`a
domestic1821
economy
was
destroyed.
ber.
ternich System’ is based on an
Spain
recogWar of Independence,
<O^]ZS]\·aRSTSObObbVS0ObbZS]T<ObW]\aOb:SW^hWUAOf]\gW\&!
extended network of diplomacy and
nises the indeGreece wrestles its independence from the Ottoman
1805 British admiral Horatio Nelpendence of
Empire with the help of the European powers. In the
BVS<O^]ZS]\WQEO`a
/TbS`<O^]ZS]\aPc`\W\U]T;]aQ]eO\R
1811 With the extinction
son defeats the French fleet at the
Mexico.
sea-battle of Navarino in 1827, the Egyptian fleet,
since
1811/1812
`Sb`SObT`][@caaWOW\&
VSTOQSRbVS0ObbZS]T<ObW]\aOb:SW^hWUW\&!
Battle of Trafalgar.
of the Mameluk military
Simón Bolívar and
allied to the Ottomans, is defeated.
aristocracy, MuhamJosé de San Martin lead the Wars of
Fighting against an allied army of Austria, Prussian Field Marshal von Blücher (1742–
med Ali Pasha secures
Independence in South America against
Russia and Prussia, he was decisively 1819) and the English Duke of Wellington
his rule over Egypt.
the colonial rule of Spain.
defeated. Napoleon retreated back to Paris (1769–1852) defeated Napoleon’s army. Napo‑
leon was
exiled campaign
to St. in
Helena
after which he was deposed and exiled to1812/1813
1815 Prussia, AusNapoleon’s
Russia where
hewith
remained
until
his death
in & . King
Elba by the allies. In March &#, Napoleon ends
an expensive
retreat
for the French.
tria and Russia sign
the Holy Alliance
escaped from exile in Elba and reassumed Louis‑X VIII, who had f led during the
1808–1813
struggle against
as a bastion against
rule in France, the “Hundred Days”
reign. The TheHundred
Days,Napoleon’s
returnedtroops
to France and re‑
in Spain
develops
into bloody
guerrilla
revolution
allied nations reacted swiftly to his
return
sumed
his reign.
Thewarfare
troops. under the Prus‑
Bonaparte decrees
the Code civil
on March 21st.
1800
1820
1810
1830
1840
1850
&³&&
1860
&³&&
(“Eroica”) is performed for the first time in public.
1863 The Football Association is forme
the United Kingdom, paving the way for f
to become the world‘s predominant spec
sport.
1863 The Swiss Henry
Dunant founds the International Red Cross.
1869 The Suez Canal is
constructed.
1870 John D
founds the S
Company.
1873–
Spa
1870
“A spectre is haunt
Europe, the spectre
Communism”
(The Communist Manifesto, 1848
e be tw
in the Catholic Emancipation
Empire stands at the zenith of its powers.
Opium Wars of Britaincia lis withcia
thelis
west.
century,
to an end.
d,the Carlist
throne
and brought
an end to
wars
rs . As
t
t
ee n th he tr ied to
fa r
bW]\b]aZOdS`gW\bVS`c`OZA]cbVU`SeW\bVSW\Rcab`WOZWhSR<]`bV;O\g
O\QSeOaS\RSReWbVbVS]cbP`SOY]T
1840 The Treaty of Waitangi between the
rned
movement.
China; Hong Kong leg isl at ion cein
?
e Eu from the
foreig
&%$
Carlist
wars stemmed
, . The as
c S against
ro pe an
n
S \ D a British colony.
the Eu he tri
ed tothe Crimean
1853–1856
1867 Das Kapital, a critique of the political
A]cbVS`\S`aaOebVWaOaO\ObbOQY]\bVSW`b`ORWbW]\OZeOg]TZWTS
bVS1`W[SO\EO`
ai rs1859-1861
British and the native Maoris establishes
becomes
With the support of France
DW
achievof aff
rope During
WQ
disputed
succession
Ferdinand
who
Qb]`WO
reVII,
e ba la we
coAustrian
poweand OttoQVO`O b] `W O British rule in New Zealand.
War, British,an
French,
against
opposition, Italian
economy and one of the most significant wor
n­
nc eIsabella
his
& '
. daughter
QbS`WhS Crimea
]U`S
The conflict deeply divided the nation; the July &$! Battle of Gettysburg ends with a ^`
Czar
Nicholas
for the pur‑ had designated rs
betwee II as
aaW\S occupied
man
armies
stop
the
Russian
nationalists
manage
to
unify
Italy,
of
Karl
Marx, is an analysis of criticism of cap
³
R
n
' heir to the throne. The Carlists, who wished
O\SMediterranean.
war waged bitterly on both sides and split Union victory; Turning point of the war in It
pose
gainingQ]
access
to the
\bW`SS The
\][WQ
1830 French troops
1847–1874
@cZW\ in the regions
wasofals
called Risorgimento (The
talist society with wide-ranging consequenc
^]QV expansion
^`]a^
UT]
o char allied with
to bring
Ferdinand’s
brother Charles to
the
B around
whole families apart. After initial victories favor of the Union July &$! Union military alm
The Ottomans
Great
and
`OSea.
S`Britain
occupy Algiers.
Carlist
Wars
Resurgence).
in the workers’ movement and in the history
acterize
Wbg
Z[]a
µDWQthe Black
ost pr
O , aS VS
(Eugène
Delacroix, forces under Robert E. forces under General Grant take Vicksburg m
b]waged
ud were decidedly
d by thagainst
against
"gSO`the followers of
`WO\/Uwarb$
by the Confederate
France
the\R
Rus‑
f^O\throne,
series
of civil
wars
the 20th century.
lifesty
an hu whoish
e cons
aWd
a
S¶
?
S
sb
le
R
erliberals
cSS\ Carl‑
7[^S
and, They launched
that between
Wa^ZOCristina.
vaattack
1830)
Isabella’s
mother,
María
Lee, the
momentum changed in &$! with November &$".T he burning of Atlanta by he
sian
a naval
In`WO
the Second
tive, 1856–1860
gSRU` The
r niexpansion.
ZWa[
ne child Prince Albe she and he
teriz
SOnorthern
1830/1831 After the declaration
1860/1861 After the election of Abraham Lin1871 King Wilhelm I of
ed whose
r
andSevastopol
conservaOpium
, the
British
force
ists,
strength
was in rural
rt, ha
b
the victory of the Union troops led by Ulysses Sherman’s Union troops December &$" m
against
Russian
fleet
at
re
anWar
n,
other the
d. By vir Ger­in disp
entire
of ro Victoria be tives,
epto
thelay
Chinese
market
up, more urbanized
coln, an opponent of slavery, as president, the
sia is proclaimed Germ
of independence of Ecuador and
Vene- and William Tecumseh Sherman at
tue of
ocopen
&##
. TheEu
newpeczar,
ended
the Spain,
S. Grant
Sherman takes Savannah April &$# lia
ed fought
came II,engulf
h. Ththe
m II,
great against
”. TheAlexander
the “G
e “Vict
ityresulting
for ex
Ge.rm
and exInin&!'
zuela, the Republic of Great the
ColomSpain.
thepr
collapse
slave-owning southern states (the confederates)
Kaiser at the foundat
og ress
rand
Carlists
ordefeated
They
launched
a na‑
calamitous
war
Battle of Gettysburg. April &$ Civil Southern states surrender at Appomattox &
amin
an
ian Ag but
pansive , the
%$, sh
­ acsouth.
in econwere
ple&#$
Em
, was
peror
e took
e” secede from the USA. The American Civil War
bia, founded by Simón BolívarWar
in 1821,
of the
internal
market.
the German Reich und
ter
Im
om
ize
he
pe
W
ic
Isabella’s
coronation
in
&"!
triggered
a
begins with the Confederate attack on /^`WZ&$# Last Confederates surrender to in
val
attack
against
the
Russian
fleet
at
Sevas‑
th
d by th
r
ria lism
il­ lif
g for alm
prospe
e title
e cons
is dissolved, thus finally ending
Prussian leadership.
of Em grandchi ld
/ P `O
r­ begins and lasts until 1865.
it was
estyle
ost 64
and faced Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo sian Field Marshal von Blücher (1742–1819)
pr
er
.
second
Carlist
war.
&##
.
Sherman
at
Durham.
Fort
Sumter
(Charleston,
South
Carolina)
topol
in
als
In
th
es
vativ
yeFrance,
VO[
o ch
at
s of
ars, Qua series
1806 1806 Napoleon issues the
1812–1814 Anglo-American War 1814/1815 After the fall of Napoleon, Europe is
1822 Brazil declares its
1848/1849 Beginning in
Bolívar’s dream of a unified Latin
RS\b
:
een Vi ofIndia. Ru l­ Pr ince Al she and he e, almost pr ar­
under
the
in June &# in Belgium. The troops
and
the
English
Duke.
W\
:
W\
Q ] Z\
1804–1813 First Serbian
1861
1870 Italian troops occupy Rome on September 20th;
udishfrom the
oria ch
Germ
Berlin Decree forbidding his
of 1812 between the United States of
re-arranged at the Congress of Vienna. The
independence from PortuAmerica.
revolutions
unsettle all of Europe. Newctsocial
Victorbe
Emmanuel
rt , ha II ofr Sardinia-Piedmont,
beca m
eVWQV Q]Z\eOa
an hu
arac­
d. Vi
e
&
th
bV
V
sb
e
OR
ct
S¿`ab
allies and conquests from trading
Uprising aganist Ottoman
America and the British Empire.
German Confederation is created as a result.
gal.
classes demand
a share of power. In most states,
House
king of a united
end of the Papal State. Pope Pius IX becomes a pri“Gbecomes
and, Italy.
Eu
or ia
T]`[
ra nd m the first
ropeof”. Savoy,
SZSQb ' &the
2S
SRW\
$
other
Durin1]\U`Saa]T0S`ZW\
1830 Belgium declares its
#
with the British “The Continental
rule.
including
Germany,
uprisings
are
brutally
soner
in
the
Vatican.
SR
&
g the Ci
QO\
of
C^]\
#"OaO
BVS1VO`bWaba
BVS@ST]`[0WZZ
QZO`SRbVSW\RS^S\RS\QS]T\]`bVS`\
vil
the Un
1811–1820
1815–1817 In the
1816–1828 The campai- 1823 In the so-called
1848–1850 The German-Danish War 1861–1872 President
System”).
In Britain the
independence from the
\]^^] RWRObST`][ PSQ][
ion by War, he str suppressed.
W\UbV
\S\bb]
bVS\S
]T&! [SO\bOab`S\UbVS\W\U]TbVS
1871 After the fall of Paris, the radical socialist and
sionist
ug d
lea
0cZUO`WOO\Ra]cbVS`\@c[SZWOT`][
Prince of Wales, future
Second Serbian Uprigns of the Zulu king
Monroe Doctrine,
Netherlands; the country
consists
Benito Juárez implements
S
$bV^of minor military conflicts over
e@
aZOd
Confed ding the de gle
to pres
`S
1804–1810 The Fulani War in
EmanbVS=bb][O\S[^W`S
[WRRZSQZOaaW\5`SOb0`WbOW\
g publishS^
erate
George IV, becomes regent in
sing , Serbia wins its auShaka cause the collapse US president James
draws up a liberal constituMarx
FriedrichS`
Engels
thecPZWQ
liberal reforms in Mexico; he
communist forces seize power in March 1871, and
Schleswig-Holstein
and particularly the
fea1848
ve and
t of th Karler
cip
O\^O` aW
St
sass
e sece Manifesto
slaves ation Proclamates. Lincoln
bg
present day Nigeria and Cameroon.
place of his mentally ill father
tonomy from the
of the social and political
Monroe criticises
tion in 1831.
Communist
; they
call on the proleDuchy of
Schleswig
between the Germanages to drive out French
form the “Paris Commune”, which was brutally
ed by
s­ at inat
in allCongress
The number of voters was still very small— BVS0ObbZS]TEObS`Z]]W\^`SaS\bROg0SZUWc[
iss
Joh
at
The
of
Berlin
In
June
and
July
of
e
ue
ion
sy
So
n
passag
Islamic reformer Usman dan Fodio
King George III. The Regency
Ottoman Empire.
order in southern Africa;
tariat to drise
in order toW
create a
man Confederation and the Kingdom of
troops after a civil war (until
suppressed in May.
European colonisampath
uthern
in &$!
theup in revolution
e of ,th
izer, on ilkes Boot
ter th
about four percent ofperiod
the population.
In &!%
toBritain,
&%&
Austria‑Hungary,
France,
1836 Formulation of the
freesociety.
h,
assembled a Fulani army to lead in
is characterised
by
hundreds of thousands
tion in the western heclassless
Denmark.
1866/67).
e Thirt states andGreat
Constit
e
April
promot the 16th northern
ee h
14, & a Confeder­
ution
7\;O`QV&#<O^]ZS]\SaQO^SRT`][SfWZSW\
a London workers association
presented
the 0ObbZS]TEObS`Z]]
1814 The Papal States
vic
Italy,
Russia
German,
Austrian
and
ed
$#
jihad against the Hausa kingdoms
distinctive fashions,
politics,
die as they
flee.
misphere.
People’s Charter and the
Am
, whichandntthe
pr
throug
to
th
,
es
shor
ry
ident ,
hout th
finally endment to e ca nd
1862–1890
af­
Lincoln . Upon
House of Commons with
a “People’s Charter.” 3ZPOO\R`SOaac[SR`cZSW\4`O\QSbVSµ6c\R`SR2Oga¶`SWU\.
of the north and established his
and culture.
are restored.
founding of the Chartist
As becom tly 1868
The Meiji restoration ends the rule
Ottoman
empires
the
escalat‑ idate
e na
abtoolidiscuss
th
e
tion in met
was th
in
fro
shed sla
wh
Fulani Empire.
movement.
the ne minister
e first g theof the shoguns in Japan. Under the Meiji
$#. Li and
The Chartists demanded universal male suf‑ In March &#, Napoleon escaped from exile in army. He was exiled to St. Helena where he re‑
veryopposi‑ich had for m Prussian
ing situation of the&Balkans
their
w
nc
ele
oln wa
slavery
Re Germ in
ctedemperor, who ruled until 1912, the
1815 Napoleon leaves Elba
bl ica
sBlack
. Durin edpresident
frage, with elections to represent the actual Elba and
as­ Sea.
&#"andpu
tion of Russian expansion on the
reassumed rule in France, the “Hun‑ mained until his death in remained until his
preser
1804 After a successful slave revolt Haiti
1803–1805 The Second
as anfrom n pa rtymodernisation of Japan begins along
g thman chancellor
and seizes power in France
oppo
proportions of the population, secret ballots, dred Days” reign. The allied nations reacted death in & . King Louis‑XVIII, who had1835–1841
fled
They declared the independence of northern ve the Un e Civil War
1801–1805 The First
gains independence from France
Anglo-Maratha War between
again, ruling for one
In the
1871,
Otto von
ion
, he str nent towestern lines.
by lea
ug
and
the payment
of the
MPs
so that
mem‑ swiftly
ding
Bulgaria French
and southern
Rumenia from the
to his
return
faced Napoleon at the during the Hundred Days, returned to France
1830 The July Revolution forces the reactionary
Barbary War is fought
becoming the first black
republic
.
British
Eastpoorer
India Company
hundred
days.
He isand
ultimaGreat Trek , the Boers
King
Bismarck
imposes
the de gled to
feat of 1867
could Jeanafford to and
stand
Parliament.
and resumed his reign. In March &#, Napo‑
Waterloo
in June
between the United
The leader of the Haitianbers
Revolution,
thefor
Maratha
Empire inThe
India. Battle
telyof
defeated
on the
18th &# in Belgium. The
migrate into the interior of
Charles X of Bourbon to abdicate. Louisczarist
Philippeempire.
of OrléansRomania received parts of
German unity
The Austro-Hungarian Comthe
Chartist
reached
States and the Barbary
Jacques Dessalines, crowned
himself
Em- its climax at a mass meeting troops
of June
at thethe
Battle
of
South Africa and found a
becomes King of the French (until 1848).
under Prussian leapromise transforms the Austrian
Bessarabia while Serbia and Montenegro be‑
under
Prussian
Field Marshal von leon escaped from exile in Elba and reassumed
States of North Africa.
peror of Haïti in 1805. on Kennington Common in &"&. The Char‑ Blücher
Waterloo
.
number of republics.
dership.
Empire into the Austro-Hungarian
came independent. Bulgaria and southern Ru‑
(1742–1819)
and the English Duke of rule in France, the “Hundred Days” reign. The
double monarchy.
melia from the czarist empire.
Wellington (1769–1852) defeated Napoleon’s allied nations reacted swiftly to his return.
tists demanded universal male suffrage.
4`WSR`WQV3\USZaeWbV1VO`bWabaW\&"!
CZgaaSaA5`O\b@]PS`b3:SSO\REWZZWO[BAVS`[O\
2SZSUObSaObbVS0S`ZW\1]\U`Saa
“Liberty guides
the people”
58 U l t i m a t i v e Ti m e l i n e
U l t i m a t i v e Ti m e l i n e 59
67AB=@71/:3D3<BA
1805 Ludwig van Beethoven Symphony No. 3
1816 “The Barber of
1825 The Stockton
1825 Louis Braille devises the
1842 The opera “Nabucco”
1845–1849 A devastating potato blight leads
1859
1863 The Football Association is formed
the United Kingdom, paving the way for foo
abS[[SRT`][bVSRWa^cbSRacQQSa
of Natural Selection, laying the foundato become the world‘s predominant specta
aW]\]T4S`RW\O\RD77eV]VORRSaW
tions of the theory of evolution.
sport.
U\ObSRVWaROcUVbS`7aOPSZZO77OaVSW`
1831 Realist French author and
1848–1874 “The Ring of the Nibelung”,
1870 John D.
=^Wc[EO`a7\bVSabO`b]TbVS
Holstein, who had been forced to leave
1815
1856/57
1863
b]bVSbV`]\S
Janes 'bVQS\bc`gbVS0`WbWaVPSUO\b]
Austen’s
playwright Honoré de Balzac
France because of her opposition to Napoa cycle of four epic music dramas, is written
The novel “Madame
The Swiss Henry
founds the Sta
1804 Napoleon
1835
novel “Emma”
is
publishes La Peau de chagrin as
leon, writes her most significant work, “On
The fairytales of the
by the German composer Richard Wagner.
Bovary“ by Gustave Flaubert
Dunant founds the Inter- Company.
WZZSUOZZgW[^]`bbVSW`]^Wc[T`][7\RWO
The Carlists, who wished to bring Ferdinand’s
1851 The Great Exhibition
Bonaparte decrees
Germany” (De L’Allemagne). She shapes the
published. b]1VW\OeVWQVaWU\W¿QO\bZgOTTSQbSR
part of his novel sequence La
Danish author and poet
in London is
is published.
national Red Cross.
brother
Charles to the throne, waged war
1822 Invention of the first
1849 The Californian
1873–1
the Code civil
image of the ‘country of poets and thinkers’.
Comédie humaine.
Hans
Christian
Andersen
the first world fair of culture
and industry.
bVSPOZO\QS]Tb`ORS
against the
1815–1848
1861 The abolition of
1869 The Suez Canal is
on March 21st.
The Biedermeier
power loom by Briton
are published.
gold rush reaches its
The Crystal Palace is constructed
out offollowers of Isabella’s mother,
Spani
Theisseizure
ofdominant.
large amounts of opium by theEdmund Cartwright.
MaríaPaxton.
Cristina. The Carlists, whose strength serfdom in Russia.
style
culturally
high point.
cast iron and glass by Joseph
constructed.
Chinese government in Canton led to the First
was in rural northern Spain, fought against
Opium War in &"³&" . China was totally
the more urbanized south. In &!', the
defeated by the British and, in&" , was forced
Carlists were defeated, but Isabella’s corona‑
1830/1831 Russian
1852 Napoleon III.tion
Bonato allow the importation of opium as well as
in &"! triggered a second Carlist war.
1801–1809 Thomas Jefferson
1809–1848 Klemens Wenzel
1818 After the fall of the
1825 Decembrist uprising of
1848 The February
1857–1858
the city
War of
Sixth
Coali-With
troops defeat a Polish
parte, French president
since remained in power until
give1812–1814
Great BritainInthe
of the
Hong
Kong.
Isabella
the “glori‑The British suppress an
becomes third president of the
Prince von Metternich, as the
tion a coalition
of Austria,
Prussia, Rusliberal-minded officers and inuprising; Poland
Revolution in France
1848, founds the Second
uprising in
India against colonial
, China Durrani Empire the Barakzai
the Second
Opium War
in &#$³&$
ous” revolution of &$&. In &% Amadeo,
the
United States of America.
chancellor of Austria, shapes the
sia, Sweden, and the United Kingdom fitribes found a new dynasty
tellectuals against the new
becomes incorporated
overthrows King Louis
Empire
(until 1870).
rule and depose the last Mughal
was forced to open additional ports to the Eu‑
son of the Italian king, came to the throne,
political landscape of Europe in
nally defeated France and drove Napowhich rules Afghanistan until
Russian Tsar Nicholas I.
into the Russian Empire.
Philippe. The Second
Emperor Bahadur Shah II. He was
ropeans in &#&. With the influx of cheaper Eu‑
but was forced to step down in &%!. After
1804 Imperial coronation of
1854 US warships land
the first half of the 19th century
leon Bonaparte into exile on Elba.
1973.
Republic is proclaimed.
in
exiled to Burma, where he died in
ropean products. into the Chinese market the
the First Republic, a military coup
inthus
&%"
1O^bc`S]T4]`b;OZOY]TTPgbVS4`S\QVW\&##
1829 The Roman Catholic BVS0ObbZS]T5SbbgaPc`UW\&$!T]cUVbW\O\RO`]c\RbVSb]e\]T5SbbgaPc`U>S\\agZdO\WO
1837–1901 During the reign of Queen
Napoleon, on the 2nd Decemwith his conservatism. The ‘Metmodern Tokyo to force
1862,
bringing the Mughal
domestic
economy
was destroyed.
placed
XII, on reigning
the since the 16th
1821
1821–1829 In the GreekAQS\ST`][bVS=^Wc[EO`a
1840–1842 First of the
ber.
ternich System’ is based on an
Spain recogWar of Independence,
Relief Act in Britain culminates
Victoria, called the Victorian era, the British
Japan to open up to
trade Isabella’s son, Alfonso dynasty,
/[S`WQO\1WdWZEO`
/bbVSPSUW\\W\U]TbVS'bVQS\bc`g]^^]aW
1`W[SO\EO`
BVS6]Zg/ZZW
(The Communist Manifesto, 1848)
<O^]ZS]\·aRSTSObObbVS0ObbZS]T<ObW]\aOb:SW^hWUAOf]\gW\&!
throne and brought an end to the Carlist
extended network of diplomacy and
nises the indeGreece wrestles its independence from the Ottoman
in the Catholic Emancipation
Empire stands at the zenith of its powers.
Opium Wars of Britain
with the west.
century, wars
to an end.
bW]\b]aZOdS`gW\bVS`c`OZA]cbVU`SeW\bVSW\Rcab`WOZWhSR<]`bV;O\g
1805 British admiral Horatio Nel1840 The Treaty of Waitangi between theO\QSeOaS\RSReWbVbVS]cbP`SOY]T
in &%$. The Carlist wars stemmed from the
pendence of
Empire with the help of the European powers. In the
movement.
against China; Hong Kong
BVS<O^]ZS]\WQEO`a/TbS`<O^]ZS]\aPc`\W\U]T;]aQ]eO\R
A]cbVS`\S`aaOebVWaOaO\ObbOQY]\bVSW`b`ORWbW]\OZeOg]TZWTS
1811 With the extinction
1853–1856
1859-1861
1867 Das Kapital, a critique of the political
son defeats the French fleet at the
Mexico.
sea-battle of Navarino in 1827, the Egyptian fleet,
British and the native Maoris establishes bVS1`W[SO\EO`
becomes a British colony.
During
the Crimean
disputed
succession
of Ferdinand
VII,With
whothe support of France
`Sb`SObT`][@caaWOW\&
VSTOQSRbVS0ObbZS]T<ObW]\aOb:SW^hWUW\&!
since 1811/1812 Simón Bolívar and
Battle of Trafalgar.
of the Mameluk military
allied to the Ottomans, is defeated.
British rule
in New Zealand.
British,
French, andhis
OttoAustrian
economy and one of the most significant works
designated
daughteragainst
Isabella
II asopposition, Italian
The conflict deeply divided the nation; the July &$! Battle
of Gettysburg
ends with a Czar Nicholas occupied Crimea for the pur‑War,had
aristocracy,
MuhamJosé de
Martin (1742–
lead the Wars of
armies
Russian
nationalists
manage to unify Italy,
of Karl Marx, is an analysis of criticism of capiFighting against an allied army of Austria,
Prussian
Field Marshal
vonSan
Blücher
tostop
thethe
throne.
The Carlists, who
wished
war waged bitterly on both sides and split Union victory; Turning point of the war in pose of gaining access to the Mediterranean.man heir
1830 French troops
1847–1874 The
med Ali
Pasha
secures
Independence
South America against
expansion in the regions
called Risorgimento (The
talist society with wide-ranging consequences
Russia and Prussia, he was decisively
1819)
and
the English
Duke of in
Wellington
whole families apart. After initial victories favor of the Union July &$! Union military The Ottomans allied with Great Britain and to bring Ferdinand’s brother Charles to the
his rule(1769–1852)
over Egypt. defeatedthe
colonial rule
of Spain.
occupy Algiers.
Carlist Wars, a
around the Black Sea.
Resurgence).
in the workers’ movement and in the history o
defeated. Napoleon retreated back to Paris
Napoleon’s
army.
Napo‑
(Eugène
by theDelacroix,
Confederate forces under Robert E. forces under General Grant take Vicksburg France who were decidedly against the Rus‑ throne, waged war against the followers of
series of civil wars
the 20th century.
after which he was deposed and exiled1812/1813
to leon was exiled to St. Helena 1815
where
Isabella’s mother, María Cristina. The Carl‑
Lee,1830)
the momentum changed in &$! with November &$".T he burning of Atlanta by sian expansion. They launched
a naval attack1856–1860
Napoleon’s campaign in Russia
Prussia, Ausbetween liberals
In the Second
Elba by the allies. In March &#, Napoleon he remained until his death in & . King
ists, War
whose
atconservaSevastopol in Opium
1830/1831 After the declarationthe victory of the Union troops led by Ulysses Sherman’s Union troops December &$" against the Russian fleetand
1860/1861 After the election of Abraham Lin1871 King Wilhelm I of P
ends with an expensive retreat for the French.
tria and Russia sign
, the strength
British forcewas in rural northern
escaped from exile in Elba and reassumed Louis‑XVIII, who had f led duringthethe
against
II, ended the theSpain,
Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman at Sherman takes Savannah April &$# &##. The new czar, Alexander
Holy Alliance
tives, engulf
Chinesefought
market to
open up,the more urbanized
coln, an opponent of slavery, as president, the
sia is proclaimed Germ
of independence of Ecuador and S.
Venerule in France, the “Hundred Days”
reign. The
Hundred
Days,
returned
to France and
south.inInthe
&!'
, the Carlists were defeated slave-owning
but
1808–1813
launched a na‑ resulting
the Battle of Gettysburg. April &$ Civil Southern states surrender at Appomattox calamitous war in &#$. They
The struggle
against
Napoleon’s
troops
as are‑
bastion against
zuela, the Republic of Great ColomSpain.
collapse
southern states (the confederates)
Kaiser at the foundatio
allied nations reacted swiftly to
his return
sumed
reign. The
troops
coronation in &"! triggered
a from the USA. The American Civil War
in Spain
develops into
bloodyhis
guerrilla
warfare
. under the Prus‑
revolution
bia, founded by Simón Bolívar inWar
1821,begins with the Confederate attack on /^`WZ&$# Last Confederates surrender to val attack against the Russian fleet at Sevas‑ of Isabella’s
the internal market.
secede
the German Reich under
and faced Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo sian Field Marshal von Blücher (1742–1819)
is dissolved, thus finally ending Fort Sumter (Charleston, South Carolina) Sherman at Durham.
begins and lasts until 1865.
Prussian leadership.
second Carlist war.
topol in &##.
1806in1806
1812–1814
1814/1815
1822
1848/1849
issues the The troops under the and the English Duke. Anglo-American War
After the fall of Napoleon, Europe is
Brazil declares its
Bolívar’s dream of a unified Latin
Beginning in France, a series of
&# in Belgium.
JuneNapoleon
1804–1813
1861
1870
Berlin Decree forbidding his
First Serbian
of 1812 between the United States of
re-arranged at the Congress of Vienna. The
independence from PortuAmerica.
revolutions unsettle all of Europe. New social
Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia-Piedmont, from the
Italian troops occupy Rome on September 20th;
allies and conquests from trading
Uprising aganist Ottoman
America and the British Empire.
German Confederation is created as a result.
gal.
classes
demand
a
share
of
power.
In
most
states,
House
of
Savoy,
becomes
the
first
king
of
a
united
Italy
.
end
of
the
Papal
State
.
Pope
Pius
IX
becomes a pri1]\U`Saa]T0S`ZW\2S
1830 Belgium declares its
with the British “The Continental
rule.
including
Germany,
the
uprisings
are
brutally
soner
in
the
Vatican.
BVS1VO`bWabaBVS@ST]`[0WZZ
QZO`SRbVSW\RS^S\RS\QS]T\]`bVS`\
1811–1820 In Britain the
1815–1817 In the
1816–1828 The campai- 1823 In the so-called
1848–1850 The German-Danish War 1861–1872 President
System”).
independence from the
suppressed.
]T&! [SO\bOab`S\UbVS\W\U]TbVS
0cZUO`WOO\Ra]cbVS`\@c[SZWOT`][
1871 After the fall of Paris, the radical socialist and
Prince of Wales, future
Second Serbian Uprigns of the Zulu king
Monroe Doctrine,
Netherlands; the country
consists of minor military conflicts over
Benito Juárez implements
[WRRZSQZOaaW\5`SOb0`WbOW\
bVS=bb][O\S[^W`S
1804–1810 The Fulani War in
1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish the Schleswig-Holstein and particularly the
George IV, becomes regent in
sing, Serbia wins its auShaka cause the collapse US president James
draws up a liberal constituliberal reforms in Mexico; he
communist forces seize power in March 1871, and
The number of voters
was
still very
small— BVS0ObbZS]TEObS`Z]]W\^`SaS\bROg0SZUWc[
present day Nigeria and Cameroon.
place of
his mentally
ill father
tonomy from the
of the social and political
Monroe criticises
tion in 1831.
Manifesto
Duchy of Schleswig between the Germanages to drive out French
form the “Paris Commune”, which was brutally
The Congress of BerlinCommunist
In June and
July of; they call on the proleabout four percentKing
of the
population.
In &!%
Islamic reformer Usman dan Fodio
George
III. The Regency
Ottoman Empire.
order in southern Africa;
rise up in
revolution in order to create a man Confederation and the Kingdom of
troops after a civil war (until
suppressed in May.
European colonisa&%&, Austria‑Hungary, tariat
GreattoBritain,
France,
1836 Formulation of the
assembled a Fulani army to lead in
is characterised
by the 0ObbZS]TEObS`Z]]
hundreds of7\;O`QV&#<O^]ZS]\SaQO^SRT`][SfWZSW\
thousands
tion in the western heclasslessAustrian
society. and
Denmark.
1866/67).
a London workersperiod
association
presented
Italy, Russia and the German,
1814
jihad against the Hausa kingdoms
distinctive
fashions, politics,
The Papal States
die as they flee.
misphere.
People’s Charter and the
House of Commons
with a “People’s
Charter.” 3ZPOO\R`SOaac[SR`cZSW\4`O\QSbVSµ6c\R`SR2Oga¶`SWU\.
Ottoman empires met to discuss the escalat‑
1862–1890
1868
of the north and established his
and culture.
restored.
founding of the Chartist
As
The Meiji restoration ends the rule
The Chartists demanded
universal male suf‑ are
ing situation of the Balkans and their opposi‑
In March &#, Napoleon escaped from exile in army. He was exiled to St. Helena where he re‑
Fulani Empire.
movement.
Prussian minister
of the shoguns in Japan. Under the Meiji
frage, with elections to represent the actual 1815
tion of Russian expansion on the Black Sea.
Elba Napoleon
and reassumed
rule in France, the “Hun‑ mained until his death in remained until his
leaves Elba
president and Geremperor, who ruled until 1912, the
the population,
They declared the independence of northern
Days”
reign.
The allied nations reacted death in & . King Louis‑XVIII, who had fled
1804 After a successful slaveproportions
revolt Haiti of 1803–1805
Thesecret
Secondballots, dred
and seizes
power
in France
man chancellor from
modernisation of Japan begins along
the paymentAnglo-Maratha
of MPs so thatWar
poorer
mem‑ swiftly
1801–1805 The First
France
Bulgaria and southern Rumenia from the
to hisfor
return
gains independence fromand
France
between
again, ruling
one and faced Napoleon at the during the Hundred Days, returned to1835–1841
In the
1871, Otto von
western lines.
1830 The July Revolution forces the reactionary
bers could
to stand
The Battle
Barbary War is fought
becoming the first black republic
. affordthe
British for
EastParliament.
India Company
hundred
He is ultimaGreat Trek , the Boers
KingRomania received parts of
Bismarck imposes
czaristFrench
empire.
ofdays.
Waterloo
in June &# in Belgium. The and resumed his reign. In March &#, Napo‑
1867 The Austro-Hungarian Combetween the United
The leader of the Haitian Revolution,
the Maratha
Empiremeeting
in India. troops
tely defeated
thePrussian
18th
migrate into the interior of
Charles X of Bourbon to abdicate. Louis Philippe
of Orléans
German unity
ChartistJeanreached and
its climax
at a mass
Bessarabia
while Serbia and Montenegro be‑
underonthe
Field Marshal von leon escaped from exile in Elba and reassumed
States and the Barbary
Jacques Dessalines, crownedon
himself
Emof June at(1742–1819)
the Battle ofand the English Duke of rule in France, the “Hundred Days” reign.
South
becomes King of the French (until 1848). came independent. Bulgaria and southern Ru‑
under Prussian leapromise transforms the Austrian
Kennington
Common in &"&. The Char‑ Blücher
TheAfrica and found a
States of North Africa.
peror of Haïti in 1805.
Waterloo. (1769–1852) defeated Napoleon’s allied nations reacted swiftly to his return.
number of republics.
dership.
Empire into the Austro-Hungarian
melia from the czarist empire.
Wellington
tists demanded universal male suffrage.
4`WSR`WQV3\USZaeWbV1VO`bWabaW\&"!
CZgaaSaA5`O\b@]PS`b3:SSO\REWZZWO[BAVS`[O\
2SZSUObSaObbVS0S`ZW\1]\U`Saa
double monarchy.
(“Eroica”) is performed for the first time in public.
1807/1810 The author Germaine de Staël-
1800
1810
Seville”, an opera by
Gioachino Rossini,
is premiered in Rome.
and Darlington
Railway in north-
Braille system as a method for
1835 Felix Mendelssohn
blind people to read and write.
appointed conductor of
the Leipzig Gewandhaus
Orchestra.
eastern England is
the first public rail
service designed for
passenger travel.
1820
1830
is Giuseppe Verdi’s first
great success.
1840
to an extended famine in Ireland and a wave of
emigration to the United States.
1850
English scientist Charles Darwin
1O`ZWabEO`a
BVS1O`ZWabeO`a
publishes Origin of Species by Means
1860
1870
“A spectre is hauntin
Europe, the spectre
Communism”
“Liberty guides
the people”
'bV1S\bc`g
1 spread „Historical Events“
1805 Ludwig van Beethoven Symphony No. 3
C@3A
'bV1S\bc`g
1 timline
67AB=@71/:3D3<BA
67AB
=@71
/:4
75
bVS4`
S\QV
PSUO
@Sd]Z
\OQ
<O^
cbW]\
VO\U
W\%&'
]
3c`]
SbVOb
^SO\
<O^]Z ZS ] \ 0
aeS^
RQ`SO
bOQ`
]
S]
ZO\Ra
bSRbV
]aa
`O\Yab \T`][ZWS \ O ^ O `b
QO^S
S^]ZWb
W\e
cbS\O\
S %
]P`WU
WQOZ
BVSWR
VWQVe
b]
ORWS`W
$ ' ³
SOa]
SZWdS
Then ye
\%'! TO`bWZZS`g
TbVS
& b]RO
ZS\US
t
@Sd]Z
OQV
g
BVS
RbVS
by his fu rther into
cbW]\
WSdSR
W\abWbc
mar ria1845–1849
QVOZ
the po
W\%&# `WaS]T
bW]\a
1825 Louis Braille devises theRSTW\SR3
1842
1859 English
ge
The
opera
“Nabucco”
A lit
devastating
scientist Charles Darwin
ha
ica l ar potato blight leads
c^bV
to the
1O`ZWabEO`a
BVS1O`ZWabeO`a
rnais
eVWQV
c`]^
en
in %'$
ar istoc
S¸a
`]cU
VORis Giuseppe Verdi’s
a, aided
1835
^
Braille system as a method forSQ]\]
Felix
Mendelssohn
first
to
an
extended
famine
in
Ireland
and
a wave of
publishes Origin of Species by Means
of
]Z
ra
VbVS
; and
France
WbWQOZa
[WQab
abS[[SRT`][bVSRWa^cbSRacQQSa
tic José
in pa rt
finalto
`cQbconductor
, sta nd
ph ine
blind people to read and write.bV]cUVappointed
great success.
emigration
the
United
States.
of Natural Selection, laying the foundaly
c`SBV of ]QWOZO\
re
to
Ev
er
s
de
en wi
his ze
aW]\]T4S`RW\O\RD77eV]VORRSaW
s of th
as one
R
beOa
Beau­
Wa^`]U
th his
nith as
e mod
tions of the theory of evolution.
^`SGewandhaus
of the
]TO\ the Leipzig
ta
`S
an
co
dW]
ct
er
aa
Em
d
ns
ics
m
U\ObSRVWaROcUVbS`7aOPSZZO77OaVSW`
n ag
caZg
ROrchestra.
WdS
unm
ta nt
ostRing
[O`Ya
1831 Realist French author and
1848–1874
and se
ror
the pe
Nibelung”
c\VS
astoof
ed for
bVSS`
nish
nse of e. His m“The
hi,s so oderated ex neb]bVSbV`]\S
O`R
[
ing ca
ta rymusic
1856/57 The novel “Madame
O·abc
ld iers.
m ission
trem ism
playwright Honoré de Balzac ]RS`\WbgB
a cycle
of fouriliepic
dramas,
is written
at
genius
­ str
`\b]
Na
VS^]a
were
, he wa tention
, sk ill Wagner
publishes La Peau de chagrin as^S`W]1835
of the eO`R
by the German
composer
. ength of hi poleon ha
Bovary“
by Ferdinand’s
Gustave Flaubert
b@Sd
greatlyRichard
RaOeThe fairytales
fu
s rewho
The
Carlists,
to bring
verewished
]ZcbW]
d ov
s
ad m ire l alist m1851
d
S`ORWand poet
er
r­wea
\O`g
part of his novel sequence La WRSOa DanishbVauthor
Thewa
Great
Exhibition
inesLondon
is published.
ovemen
timat istobythe
d. we
QOZWh
rybrother
2Wa^
throne, waged war
ar my. Charles
ObW]\
ed th
ts
1849 The Californian
withfair
ll as hi
Sa`S
Comédie humaine.
Christian
Andersen
the
first
world
of
culture
and&
industry.
In
]`WUW\ Hanscb
e
]T
in
Wb
s fa ile
UO`R
theagainst
&
a
ObSR
followers
subdue theout
, natio of Isabella’s mother, 1861 The abolition of
W\UWR
d inPalace
W\bV
= bb ]its
gold rush reaches
The Crystal
of
vasionis constructed
n­
S]Z]Ug
d
U`Se are published.
co
S
'
un es Carlists,
of
d ]
bVQS
María
Cristina.
whose strength serfdom in Russia.
W\bV
Russia.
high point.;W\
cast iron and glass by
Joseph
Paxton. triThe
, as
\bc`gO
S\Sfb
WabS`Q \ 0 Wa [
eWRS
ZS
\R
was in rural northern Spain, fought against
ORW\U
Q]\T
O `Q Y
]\a]
bV`]cU
ZWQb@O
b]Oe]
& #
Q`SObS
VbVS ZWRObSR>
^WRW\
the more urbanized south. In &!', the
`ZR
RO\
`caaWO
SfQZca
Rcab`WO
Sebg
In &%
T`][ & 'Carlists
W]\]T
c`PO
ZWhObW]
& =were defeated, but Isabella’s corona‑
^S]Te
\^`]Z
& $
/ca1852
\
bb]
]`YS`(
to beco he pu shed
1830/1831
SbO`WOb
Wtion
b`WONapoleon
Russian
Bona\b]
\
]Tab
inS
&"!d]
triggered
a second Carlist war.
Ki ng
bVS
me th
/TbS
&$ "³ III.
bV
OPWZWb
W ill ia
ZSORW\ 0Wa[O`QY
and he
e lea
1825 Decembrist uprising of
1848
1857–1858 The British suppress an
`RSQ
&president
gQ]
parte, French
since
troops defeat
a Polish
The
February
%
m
de
eO`a
ORSa
U^]
Isabella
remained
inepowerO
until
the “glori‑
[^SbWb
I
r
a>`W[
R][
hi
of Pr us
of
m self in France
W\O\QS
(u nt il Revolution
S`W\5
W]\O`
S
liberal-minded officers and inuprising; Poland
1848, founds
Second
uprising
in India against colonial
sia theous”
be ca m the German
& '
W\3c`
]aST]
revolution of &$&. In
&%
the
S`Amadeo,
(fr
e
]dS`bV
[O\
om &
Empi(until 1870).
Ge
). He ceKing Louis
]^S
th roug overthrows
`
tellectuals against the new
becomes incorporated
Empire
rule
gand depose the last Mughal
re co
&!
SSf^O
Oae
nt ra liz rm an ch
)
h
an
so
son
of
the
Italian
king,
came to the throne,
SZZ
an
un
d
cia
\a
BVSa Empire.
Oa
cellor
to
Cu ltu Philippe.lisThe
tr y, bu
W]\]T
Russian Tsar Nicholas I.
into the Russian
Seconded the go
Emperor Bahadur Shah II. He was
t law
SRWa^
ify th
ra l W
bVSS[ t coul toun
s (&%&
enbut
vernUS
was
forced
step
down
in
&%!
. After
e
cb
in
ar
1854
wo
Sa
d
th
g
m
Republic
is
proclaimed.
warships
land
in
to Burma, where he died in
(&%
b`S\Q
^W`Sa
no
rker s exiled
ent
QcZ[
e wi nd
of
³ &'
VSa]
ininth&%"
W\ObSR
e so ci tahimilitary
nder th coup
fo
) and Tokyo
re
out of ³ &&%). He modern
the
FirstthRepublic,
1829 The Roman Catholic BVS0ObbZS]T5SbbgaPc`UW\&$!T]cUVbW\O\RO`]c\RbVSb]e\]T5SbbgaPc`U>S\\agZdO\WO
1837–1901 During
1O^bc`S]T4]`b;OZOY]TTPgbVS4`S\QVW\&##
ig
e
TbVS
m
the
reign
of
Queen
to
force
1862,
thus
bringing the Mughal
n
al
W\
th
ov
e
aff ai rs
bVS
st reng
e
emen
de oc
4W`abE
tri
e ils
t th ro th
th­ the
hito
were son,mAlfonso
1840–1842
to ta
placed
Isabella’s
on
evtrade
]`ZR
Relief Act in Britain culminates
Victoria, called the Victorian era
, the
British
Firstsa
of theof th ed
Japan
toke
openac
up
dynasty,
reigning since the 16th
e ba
ug h
conc er ra ts asXII,
EO`
fa r as
la nc
the soBVS6]Zg/ZZW
e so
powe
/[S`WQO\1WdWZEO`/bbVSPSUW\\W\U]TbVS'bVQS\bc`g]^^]aW
1`W[SO\EO`
ne
'bV1S\bc`g
There are 20 sections in the book,
each consisting of
'bV1S\bc`g
&³&&
EWbV
&³&&
D e l i us boo k pack a g e r s
58 U l t i m a t i ve Ti m e l i n e
U l t i m a t i ve Ti m e l i n e 59