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after membership ceases.
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such
time
it
may
be
freely
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within
the
member
school.
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DTTBooster
Edexcel ADDITIONAL Science Biology
THERAPY- Enzymes
CommissionedbyThePiXLClubLtd.February2016
©CopyrightThePiXLClubLtd,2016
HowtodelivertheDTTBooster
• Administertheshortdiagnosistest.
• Markthetest(peerassess)
• Workthroughthetherapyslides
completingthemodelquestionsand
answers.
• Completethequestionslidesfor
studentstoselfassess.
• Administerthefinaltest(peerassess)
Enzymes
Proteins: Longchainsofaminoacids.
Enzymes:Proteinsthatspeedupchemical
reactions.
Biologicalcatalysts
Enzymesarebiologicalcatalystsbecausethey
catalysechemicalreactionsinthebody.
- Respiration
- Photosynthesis
- Proteinsynthesis
Substrates
Tospeedupachemicalreaction
substratesmustbindtotheactivesiteof
theenzyme.Theshapeoftheactivesiteis
specifictothesubstrate.Thisisknownas
lockandkeyastheenzymeandsubstrate
mustmatchtoformanenzyme-substrate
complex.
ModelQuestion: Explainhowenzymeswork
using thelockandkeytheory.(6marks)
ModelAnswer:
Enzymeshaveactivesite
Substratebinds toactivesite
Activesitespecificshape/specificity
Soonlyacertain/specificsubstratebinds
Thisislikeakeyfitting alock– onlythekey
withtheright shapecanfit.Otherkeys
cannotopenthelock.
CLICK toreveal
MODELANSWER
Enzymes
Factorsthataffecttherateofenzymeactivity
Temperature - allenzymeshaveanoptimum temperatureatwhichtheyworke.g.370C.
pH - allenzymeshaveanoptimum pHatwhichtheyworkbeste.g.pH– 1-3someproteases.
Substrateconcentration - Asconcentrationincreasessodoestherateofreactionuntilapoint
wherealltheactivesitesareoccupied andreactionratecannotkeepincreasing - even
though thereareplentyofsubstrates.
Lowtemperatures – Enzymesandsubstrates
moveslowly– leslikelytocollideandbind.
Hightemperatures – Enzymesandsubstrates
movefaster– morelikelytocollideandreact.
Denaturingenzymes
Toohigh atemperature(above600C)change
theshapeof theactivesitepermanently.This
meansthesubstratecannolonger bind so
enzymescan’tcatalysereactions.Theyare
DENATURED!
ModelQuestion: (4marks)
Explainwhatcanhappentoenzymeactivityif
itisnotattheoptimum temperatureorpH.
ModelAnswer:
Lowtemperature – slows downreactionrate
– substrateandenzymeslesslikelyto
collide/bind (1)
High temperature– Changestheactivesite
shape– substratecan’tbind soenzymescant
catalysereaction(1)
High/low pH- Changestheactivesiteshape–
substratecan’tbind soenzymescan’t
catalysereaction(2)
CLICK toreveal
MODELANSWER
Enzymes- Questions
1.Whatareproteinsmadeof?
2.Whatareenzymes?
3. Whatpartoftheenzymeisdescribedasthe‘lock’?
4. Howdoenzymesworkusingthelockandkeymechanism?
5. Explainwhathappenstoenzymeswhentheyareattoohigha
temperature.
6. Atwhattemperaturedoestheactivesiteundergopermanent
changes?
7. WhataffectdoesthewrongpHhaveonenzymeactivity?
8. Howdoessubstrateconcentrationaffecttherateofenzyme
activity?
Enzymes- Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Whatareproteinsmadeof?Aminoacids
Whatareenzymes?Proteinsthatspeeduptherateofchemicalreactions
Whatpartoftheenzymeisdescribedasthe‘lock’?Activesite
Howdoenzymesworkusingthelockandkeymechanism?Thesubstratebindsto
theactivesite.Activesiteisspecifictothesubstrate.Substrateislikethekeyand
theactivesiteisthelock- itwillonlyworkifthesubstratehasthesameshapeas
theactivesite
Explainwhathappenstoenzymeswhentheyareattoohighatemperature.At
hightemperaturestherateofenzymeactivityincreasesuptotheoptimum
temperature.Pastthispointtheactivesitechangesshapeandtheenzyme
denatures.Thenenzymeactivitydecreasesuntilitstopscompletely.
Atwhattemperaturedoestheactivesiteundergopermanentchanges?600C
WhataffectcanthepHhaveonenzymeactivity?Causestheenzymestodenature
– activesitechangesshape
Howdoessubstrateconcentrationaffecttherateofenzymeactivity?Assubstrate
concentrationincreasessodoestherateofenzymeactivity.Untilapointis
reachedwheretheenzymeactivitystaysthesameevenifthesubstrate
concentrationincreases.Thisisbecausealltheactivesitesareoccupied.
FinaltestDTTBooster
• Studentsnowcompletethe
finaltest(peerassess).
• Comparethistowhatthey
achievedinthediagnostic
test.