Stop the Global Warming and
save the Great Ocean Conveyor Belt
With
ADSORPTION CHILLER
Global Warming could lead paradoxically a catastrophic ice age like 130,000 years
ago.
The difference between then and now is that we have now the Great Ocean Conveyor
Belt that is sending warmth to Greenland area. There the warm sea water forms
ice, while the cold and salt rich dense portion descends to the sea bottom, which
forms a current passing below South Africa, where it splits into two streams. One
stream reaches the Indian Ocean and the other going on, by the way of Australia,
to the deepest point in Pacific Ocean off Japan for 2000 years, (scientist are now
gathering the water from this point that was in Greenland 2000 years ago). From
there the current is heated to ascend to the surface and eventually flowing to back
to the Greenland area, thus working as a huge air conditioning duct.
The Global Warming heats the sea and making a lot of water vapor, which forms
an increased amount of rain, as you know we had a lot of floods all of the world.
This excess rain from the land could dilute the salty sea water around Greenland
and reduce the salt rich dense portion, which descends to the bottom. The Great
Ocean Conveyor Belt would stop and shut down the huge air conditioning duct.
The polar area will become colder and colder until freezing to a new ice age.
We must stop wasting the fuel and making CO2, which increases the Global
Warming for our descendants.
2
WASTE HEAT ADSORPTION CHILLER
Attempted use of absorption chillers in waste heat applications have been failures.
Now, efficient energy conservation can be achieved by utilizing waste heat to drive an Adsorption Chiller,
which can replace an absorption chiller. Waste heat from cogeneration systems (diesel engine, gas engine, gas
turbine, or fuel cell) achieves tri-generation. Using the waste heat from various processes including: food (poultry,
dairy products, juice, and breweries), chemical, plastic, rubber, paper and cement can enhance the heat
balance of the process. Another source of waste heat are steam boilers, that are used year round in such
applications as hospitals and hotels, which can use their waste heat in the summer to cool their facilities.
Additionally, the Adsorption Chiller also can tap in to natures own waste heat such as geothermal and even, the
ever varying, solar heat.
The Adsorption Chiller is highly reliable and safe with low operating cost due its simplicity of operation.
The Adsorption Chiller does not contain any Li-Br or other chemical refrigerant which means no
crystallization, no corrosion no chemical testing or hazardous leaks. The Adsorption Chiller also does not
have any high voltage motors or large compressors. The control system is self contained and trouble-free.
No external temperature control valves are required to protect the chiller or for capacity control.
The Adsorption Chiller contains only water as a refrigerant and a proprietary, permanent silica gel (lasts 30
years) as an adsorbent. The evaporator section cools the chilled water by the refrigerant (water) being
evaporated by adsorption of the silica gel in one of two adsorbent chambers. It can produce chilled water
temperatures of less than 38°F with hot water temperatures ranging from 194°F to as low as 122°F. The hot
water regenerates the silica gel in the second of the two adsorbent chambers. The water vapor released from
the silica gel by the hot water will be condensed in the condenser section which is cooled by a cooling water,
such as, from a cooling tower.
ADVANTAGES
•
Water used as refrigerant, no freons, no Li-Br, no ammonia
means : No hazardous leaks, no corrosion, no chemical
testing, no replacement.
•
No compressor means: No alignment, no high voltage, no
high pressure, no overhaul, no oil change, no surging, no
vibration or noise.
•
Stable chilled water out-put driven by a wide range (194°F
to 122°F) of hot water.
•
Stable operation, even with the fluctuating hot water
temperatures and flow rates that are normal in waste heat
recovery applications. No back-up burner required.
•
Simple and short start up /stop time
•
Constant operation - 24 hours /7 days a week.
3
Efficient Energy Conservation and Environmentally Friendly
Adsorption Chillers
The Adsorption Chiller was developed and first produced by Nishiyodo Kuchou
Manufacturing Company in 1986. Since being first produced the Adsorption Chiller
has been used and closely evaluated in a wide area of applications in Japan and Europe
with sensational response.
EFFICIENT ENERGY USAGE OF WASTE HEAT WITH A C.O.P.= .68 OR .75.
The C.O.P. has been improved by 13% with the introduction of high efficiency heat exchangers.
Total efficiency ratings of power generation systems can be improved by including the Adsorption Chiller in
co-generation or tri-generation applications.
FOOTPRINT HAS BEEN REDUCED BY 40%
A 40% reduction of the overall footprint was achieved by simplifying the internal construction
PRODUCES 38°F OF CHILLED WATER
A highly sensitive temperature sensor in the high efficiency evaporator allows the production of chilled water
temperatures of as low as 37.4°F
THE ADSORPTION CHILLER WAS DESIGNED FOR CONTINUOUS
heavy industrial process cooling operation 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, the year around.
SIMPLE IN MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION
The Adsorption Chiller is simple in its design. The silica gel and the water are contained in their respective
high vacuum chambers. The operation of the chiller is very simple, operating off of a programmed sequencing
controller, it does not require a skilled operator. Additionally operation is safe because there is no refrigerants
oil or other chemicals used in the system
Maintenance is very simple and inexpensive. No daily maintenance is required.
THERE IS NO RESTRICTION ON COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE LIKE
AN ABSORPTION CHILLER, THE LOWER THE COOLING WATER
TEMPERATURE THE HIGHER THE CAPACITY.
The recommended range for the hot water is from 194 to 122°F. We do not recommend hot water temperatures
above 194, because of the possibility of the water flashing and surging at the suction of the pump. With hot
water temperatures as low as low as 122°F, the C.O.P. will be reduced, but the chiller can still operate.
4
STABLE CHILLED WATER OUT PUT DRIVEN BY A
WIDE RANGE (194°TO 122°F) OF HOT WATER.
Capacity out-put remains stable even when water, heated with recovered waste heat, drops below the 185 deg, F limit
of hot water driven absorption chillers.
The Adsorption Chiller is very stable in its cooling operation. It is affected very little by changes in temperatures. For
example, as shown on the graph, the C.O.P. vs. hot water temperature shows 0.5 to 0.75 C.O.P. for 158 to 212 deg. F
water. This stability of operation, with varying water temperature allows the Adsorption Chiller to be used effectively
with fluctuating waste heat recovery applications.
STANDARD MODE
ECONOMY MODE
This is
t h e
operation
mode to
use when
maximum
C.O.P. is
desired.
Select the
Standard
M o d e
when the
amount
of heat
input is
limited and when desiring the maximum chilling
capacity, giving you the best system efficiency.
Select the Economy Mode to obtain the maximum cooling
capacity that the chiller can deliver when abundant hot water
is available. The capacity of the chiller will be larger than when
in the Standard Mode of operation and still maintain good
response during fluctuating hot water flow.
CAPACITY VS HOT WATER FLOW
Temperature diferencial (Inlet-Outlet Hot Water) C°
CAPACITY (%)
Fluctuating hot water flow rates and
temperatures are normal in waste heat recovery
applications. The Adsorption Chiller’s
response is smooth and produces stable chilled
water temperature. One such variable
application would be for engines which would
vary in heat recovered as their loads changed.
Even variations of plus or minus 50% of the
design flow-rate make only a small difference
in capacity. The Adsorption chiller can operate
smoothly with hot water temperatures varying
up to 19.8oF and ,when using of a hot water
storage tank, up to 36oF.
% OF HOT WATER FLOW
5
A built-in unloading controller maintains the chillers
high efficiency even as it unloads.
The controller senses in and out chilled water temperatures and
evaporator temperature. The controller provides seven steps of
unloading in order to maintain required capacity and reducing
heat consumption.
FAST START-UP
The Adsorption Chiller can produce chilled water in only seven
minutes after pushing the start-up button on the touch screen.
VERY FEW MOVING PARTS, MEANS NO
VIBRATION OR NOISE.
Chilled water temperatures of less than 38°F can be produced
with hot water temperatures as low as 122°F.
The Adsorption Chiller’s electrical load for the 150 ton model of just 0.4KW is for the controls and a two small
pumps. The controls include a control panel and solenoid valves. One of the pumps is a vacuum pump for
non-condensable gases, which operates only at start-up and for one hour every forty hours. The second pump
is a refrigerant (water) pump that runs only while unloading.
Other operational costs, such as maintenance are also very low. Maintenance consists of periodically checking
the oil level in the vacuum pump and replacing the seats on the butterfly valves once every three years.
CAPACITY CURVE
ADSORPTION VS ABSORPTION
REFRIGERATION CAPACITY
COOLING W. 88 F
CHILLED WATER 48.2 F
When the Hot Water reduces the
temperature from 88 C to 80 C, the capacity
of the Adsorption Chiller stays in 90% and
48% in case of the absorption chiller. This
shows a stable output from the Adsorption
Chiller
Design Cond.
ER
LER
HIL
C
ION
IO
RPT
SO
SO
AD
AB
HOT WATER TEMP. (•C)
6
T
RP
N
L
IL
CH
OPERATING CYCLE
The Adsorption Chiller has an evaporator section to cool the chilled water, a condenser section and two adsorbent
(silica gel) chamber/heat exchangers. The two heat exchangers alternate between cooling and heating during the
chilling and regeneration process cycle (one cycle approximately 7 minutes). When one of the chamber/heat exchangers
switches to the regeneration process it heats from the low (chilling) temperature to the regeneration temperature.
The water vapor released from the silica gel will be condensed in the condenser section with cooling water.
A CYCLE
Step B - 30 sec.
Hot Water
Cooling Water
The by-pass valve opens to equalize
pressure between Chamber # 1 and # 2
and to pre-heat the Chamber # 2
adsorbent with the heat from
Chamber # 1.
Water Valve Unit
Step F - 20 sec.
Reverse of Step C.
Condencer
F CYCLE
B CYCLE
Cooling Water
Cooling Water
Hot Water
Hot Water
By-Pass Valve
Adsorbent Hx 2
Adsorbent Hx 1
Evaporator
Chilled Water
Step A - 370 sec.
Chilled Water
C CYCLE
Cooling Water
Hot Water
The Adsorbent Chamber # 2
adsorbs the water vapor in the
evaporator section, which cools
the chilled water. The Adsorbent
Chamber # 1 is heated with hot
water flowing through heat
exchanger # 1 to regenerate the
desiccant. The water vapor
released from the desiccant will be
condensed in the condenser
section. The condensed water
then returns to the evaporator
section through a trap.
Chilled Water
E CYCLE
Cooling Water
Hot Water
Chilled Water
D CYCLE
Step C - 20 sec.
Hot Water
Cooling Water
Cooling water is introduced to pre-cool
Chamber #1 and to preheat Chamber
#2, before chamber #1 adsorbs and
chamber #2 regenerates.
Step D - 370 sec.
Reverse of A cycle Chamber # 2 is
in regeneration mode and Chamber
# 1 is adsorbing.
Chilled Water
Chilled Water
7
Step E - 30 sec.
The by-pass valve opens in the
reverse of Step B.
8
6.00
42.80
3.00
37.40
14.00
57.20
9.00
48.20
C
F
Hot
83.04
181.47
0.77
203.28
81.51
178.72
0.77
203.28
F
C
F
DIMENSION
L
H
W
7.50
7.50
8.50
103.15
3410.00
134.25
134.25
inch
inch
103.15
2620.00
2620.00
mm
3410.00
79.13
79.13
mm
2010.00
2010.00
mm
18700.00 18700.00
8.50
16500.00 16500.00
0.52
inch
LB
Ton
LB
Ton
EMPTY
RUNNING
CFM
Consumption
WEIGHT
L/min
Air
Supply
Kg/cm2g
p/in2g
Air Press.
Air
14.60
0.20
0.20
KW
VAC. P
0.52
0.50
0.50
14.60
60.00
60.00
POWER CAP
HZ
KVA
FREQ
5.00
200.00
200.00
71.43
11.44
11.44
p/in2g
5.00
8.00
8.00
mAq
71.43
266.65
348.70
KW
V
910.00
1190.00
MBtu/h
Kcal/H
GPM
m3/min
299880.00 229320.00
88.00
190.40
88.00
190.40
C
Electric
VOLT
PRES DROP
Heat Req.
FLOW
10.00
14.30
10.00
14.30
mAq
p/in2g
Power
Water
OUT
IN
PRES DROP
1.40
369.60
1.40
GPM
369.60
m3/min
C
34.25
87.80
F
93.65
31.00
31.00
87.80
C
36.31
8.00
11.44
7.80
11.15
mAq
p/in2g
97.36
0.61
161.44
0.60
GPM
m3/min
158.34
F
Water
FLOW
0.48
0.60
C
127.99
209.22
KW
F
OUT
IN
PRES DROP
FLOW
OUT
IN
COP
36.40
203.28
0.77
183.53
84.18
190.40
88.00
14.30
10.00
369.60
1.40
93.42
34.12
87.80
31.00
10.01
7.00
155.23
0.59
37.40
3.00
42.80
6.00
0.60
123.07
35.00
290.40
1.10
178.70
81.50
190.40
88.00
13.59
9.50
528.00
2.00
98.06
36.70
87.80
31.00
11.15
7.80
227.04
0.86
48.20
9.00
57.20
14.00
0.60
298.88
85.00
ECONOMY
290.40
1.10
181.40
83.00
190.40
88.00
13.59
9.50
528.00
2.00
95.00
35.00
87.80
31.00
11.44
8.00
229.68
0.87
37.40
3.00
42.80
6.00
0.48
182.85
52.00
7.50
0.33
9.40
71.43
5.00
0.20
0.50
60.00
200.00
11.44
8.00
205.12
700.00
8.50
134.25
3410.00
103.15
2620.00
79.13
2010.00
134.25
3410.00
103.15
2620.00
79.13
2010.00
18700.00 18700.00
8.50
16500.00 16500.00
7.50
0.33
9.40
71.43
5.00
0.20
0.50
60.00
200.00
11.44
8.00
251.91
859.70
9.20
0.52
14.60
71.43
5.00
0.20
0.40
60.00
200.00
3.43
2.40
380.93
1300.00
10.40
129.92
3440.00
124.21
2910.00
79.13
1955.00
129.92
3440.00
124.21
2910.00
79.13
1955.00
22880.00 22880.00
10.40
20240.00 20240.00
9.20
0.52
14.60
71.43
5.00
0.20
0.40
60.00
200.00
3.43
2.40
498.14
1700.00
290.40
1.10
183.56
84.20
190.40
88.00
13.59
9.50
528.00
2.00
93.92
34.40
87.80
31.00
10.01
7.00
221.76
0.84
37.40
3.00
42.80
6.00
0.60
175.81
50.00
9.20
0.33
9.40
71.43
5.00
0.20
0.40
60.00
200.00
3.43
2.40
293.02
1000.00
10.40
129.92
3440.00
124.21
2910.00
79.13
1955.00
129.92
3440.00
124.21
2910.00
79.13
1955.00
22880.00 22880.00
10.40
20240.00 20240.00
9.20
0.33
9.40
71.43
5.00
0.20
0.40
60.00
200.00
3.43
2.40
367.14
1252.94
315741.18 252000.00
290.40
1.10
181.76
83.20
190.40
88.00
13.59
9.50
528.00
2.00
95.72
35.40
87.80
31.00
8.58
6.00
190.08
0.72
48.20
9.00
57.20
14.00
0.68
249.66
71.00
STANDARD
NADAC- 0 75
216644.78 176400.00 428400.00 327600.00
203.28
0.77
181.94
83.30
190.40
88.00
14.30
10.00
369.60
1.40
95.54
35.30
87.80
31.00
8.58
6.00
129.36
0.49
48.20
9.00
57.20
14.00
0.67
168.78
48.00
STANDARD
NADAC-0 50
59.50
ECONOMY
USRT
Cooling
Water
Chilled
CAPACITY
TYPE
Model
STANDARD PERFORMANCE TABLE
162.20
4120.00
112.72
2863.00
89.57
2275.00
30140.00
13.70
26620.00
12.10
0.52
14.60
71.43
5.00
0.20
0.50
60.00
200.00
4.29
3.00
798.14
2723.81
686400.00
464.64
1.76
178.70
81.50
190.40
88.00
14.30
10.00
844.80
3.20
98.06
36.70
87.80
31.00
11.15
7.80
361.91
1.37
48.20
9.00
57.20
14.00
0.60
478.21
136.00
ECONOMY
162.20
4120.00
112.72
2863.00
89.57
2275.00
30140.00
13.70
26620.00
12.10
0.52
14.60
71.43
5.00
0.20
0.50
60.00
200.00
4.29
3.00
613.95
2095.24
528000.00
464.64
1.76
181.40
83.00
190.40
88.00
14.30
10.00
844.80
3.20
95.00
35.00
87.80
31.00
11.44
8.00
368.12
1.39
37.40
3.00
42.80
6.00
0.48
291.85
83.00
162.20
4120.00
112.72
2863.00
89.57
2275.00
30140.00
13.70
26620.00
12.10
0.34
9.60
71.43
5.00
0.20
0.50
60.00
200.00
4.29
3.00
589.40
2011.43
506880.00
464.64
1.76
181.76
83.20
190.40
88.00
14.30
10.00
844.80
3.20
95.72
35.40
87.80
31.00
8.58
6.00
300.71
1.14
48.20
9.00
57.20
14.00
0.68
397.34
113.00
STANDARD
NADAC- 0 120
162.20
4120.00
112.72
2863.00
89.57
2275.00
30140.00
13.70
26620.00
12.10
0.34
9.60
71.43
5.00
0.20
0.50
60.00
200.00
4.29
3.00
466.60
1592.38
401280.00
464.64
1.76
183.56
84.20
190.40
88.00
14.30
10.00
844.80
3.20
93.92
34.40
87.80
31.00
10.01
7.00
354.82
1.34
37.40
3.00
42.80
6.00
0.60
281.30
80.00
189.65
4817.00
112.72
2863.00
90.75
2305.00
36080.00
16.40
33000.00
15.00
0.52
14.60
71.43
5.00
0.40
0.50
60.00
200.00
4.29
3.00
997.67
3404.76
858000.00
580.80
2.20
178.70
81.50
190.40
88.00
14.30
10.00
1056.00
4.00
98.06
36.70
87.80
31.00
11.15
7.80
452.39
1.71
48.20
9.00
57.20
14.00
0.60
597.77
170.00
ECONOMY
189.65
4817.00
112.72
2863.00
90.75
2305.00
36080.00
16.40
33000.00
15.00
0.52
14.60
71.43
5.00
0.40
0.50
60.00
200.00
4.29
3.00
767.44
2619.05
660000.00
580.80
2.20
181.40
83.00
190.40
88.00
14.30
10.00
1056.00
4.00
95.00
35.00
87.80
31.00
11.44
8.00
461.26
1.75
37.40
3.00
42.80
6.00
0.48
365.69
104.00
189.65
4817.00
112.72
2863.00
90.75
2305.00
36080.00
16.40
33000.00
15.00
0.52
14.60
71.43
5.00
0.40
0.50
60.00
200.00
4.29
3.00
736.74
2514.29
633600.00
580.80
2.20
181.76
83.20
190.40
88.00
14.30
10.00
1056.00
4.00
95.72
35.40
87.80
31.00
8.58
6.00
377.88
1.43
48.20
9.00
57.20
14.00
0.68
499.31
142.00
STANDARD
NADAC- 0 150
189.65
4817.00
112.72
2863.00
90.75
2305.00
36080.00
16.40
33000.00
15.00
0.52
14.60
71.43
5.00
0.40
0.50
60.00
200.00
4.29
3.00
583.26
1990.48
501600.00
580.80
2.20
183.56
84.20
190.40
88.00
14.30
10.00
1056.00
4.00
93.92
34.40
87.80
31.00
10.01
7.00
443.52
1.68
37.40
3.00
42.80
6.00
0.60
351.63
100.00
9
ANCHOR
VACUUM PUMP
REF. FLOAT
SWITCH
SIGHT GLASS
REF. PUMP
EVEP. TEMP
SENSOR
REF. PUMP
VALVE
BY PASS
DAMPER
REF. LEVEL
SWITCH
REF. MAKE UP
BUTTERFLY
VALVES
CONTROL PANEL
VACUUM SV
VACUUM GAUGE
V SWITCH
VACUUM SV
LEVEL SWITCH
EVAPORATOR
ADSORBENT
CHAMBER
CHILLED WATER
FLOW
CHILLED
WATER
CHILLED WATER
TEMP. SWITCH
COOLING WATER
CONDENSER
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
10
Make Up Water
Expansion Tank
A Chilled Water tank is
recommended to get
precise control of
temperature.
Over Flow
Chilled Water Pump
Hot Water Pump
Make Up Water
Hot Water Tank
Level Switch
FLOW DIAGRAM FOR AN
ADSORPTION CHILLER
A heat exchanger is
recommended to protect
the adsorption chiller.
Cooling Water Pump
Cooling Tower
Make Up Water
GAS ENGINE COMPRESSOR
NOMINAL CAPACITY
o
o
(44 F chilled water, 85 F cooling water)
o
and using 194 F hot water.
Model Number
Capacity
NADAC-050
55 TONS
NADAC-075
78 TONS
NADAC-120
124 TONS
NADAC-150
155 TONS
11
Nishiyodo Air Conditioner Co.,
Voice Mail: 800-598-6732
Fax: 281-754-4383
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: www.adsorptionchiller.com
Adsorption Dept.
Iwata Minamino 1-1
Yahata - City
Kyoto, Japan
Tel: 81-75-983-9408
Fax: 81-75-983-0130
Web site: www.nishiyodo.co.jp