Chemistry 110 – 02
Winter 2017
Tenth Homework
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Finish studying Hill and McCreary Chapter 7 sections 1, 2, and 4 - 6.
Study Hill and McCreary Chapter 8 section 1.
Begin studying Hill and McCreary Chapter 9 sections 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Prepare for the Final Exam. Check the syllabus for the day and time.
o Retake all the quizzes. Study the topics you don’t remember.
o Redo the homework. Study the topics you don’t remember.
o Don’t forget to refresh such things as formulas and names of polyatomic ions, names
of alkanes, etc.
o Study your class notes.
o Pack your calculator!
Turn in your lab notebook no later than the beginning of the final exam.
The seventh quiz will include questions from the information and questions below and from the
ninth homework. To be prepared for the quiz, you should be able to answer these questions using
only the periodic table you received in class and the information given. Any quiz may include
questions about lab safety and procedures.
Learn the names and formulas of these compounds. I memorized the names in order, like a ten
line poem: methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. Also notice that beginning with pentane, the
prefixes are from the Greek numbers.
Alkanes
Name
methane
ethane
propane
butane
pentane
hexane
heptane
octane
nonane
decane
Chemical formula
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
Condensed structure
CH4
CH3CH3
CH3CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
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Due 7:30 am Wednesday, March 8. 10 Points.
Late homework is not accepted after 8:30 am Thursday, March 9.
1. How many different compounds are shown here?
H
H
H
C
C
F
F
H
H
H
F
C
C
F
H
H
H
H
H
C
C
F
H
F
2. How many different compounds are shown here?
H H
H F
F H
C
C
C
C
C
C
F
F
F
H
F
H
3. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a weak acid. What does “weak acid” mean?
4. For each of these compounds, indicate whether it is a strong acid, a weak acid, a strong base, or
a weak base.
a. HCl
b. CH3COOH
c. KOH
d. NH3
5. Write a chemical equation showing how each of these reacts with water. For example:
HNO3 + H2O → H3O+ + NO3- or HF + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + Fa. HCl
b. CH3COOH
c. CO32-
d. NH3
6. For each of these solutions, what molecules and/or ions are present in the mixture?
a. HCl(aq)
b. KOH(aq)
c. CH3COOH(aq)
d. NH3(aq)
7. For each solution in the previous question, indicate whether it is an acidic solution or a basic
solution.
a. HCl(aq)
b. KOH(aq)
c. CH3COOH(aq)
d. NH3(aq)
8. Identify the acids and the bases in these reactions.
a. OH- + H3O+ → H2O + H2O
b. HF + H2O ⇄ H3O+ + Fc. NH3 + CH3COOH ⇄ NH4+ + CH3COOd. H2CO3 + CO32- ⇄ HCO3- + HCO39. Each of these solutes are dissolved in water. Indicate whether the solution formed is acidic,
basic, or neutral.
a. MgCl2
b. CH3COOH
c. NH3
d. HCl
e. KOH
f. H2SO4
g. Ca(OH)2
h. Ca(NO3)2
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10. Give the name of each compound in the previous question.
11. Answer Hill and McCreary Chapter 7 Problem 43 on page 213.
12. Answer Hill and McCreary Chapter 7 Problem 44 on page 213.
13. Citric acid is a widely used ingredient in commercially produced beverages.
a. Does the addition of citric acid raise the pH, lower the pH, or not change the pH of the
beverage?
b. How does the addition of citric acid affect the taste of the beverage?
14. Ocean acidification is a growing environmental problem arising from increasing concentrations
of carbon dioxide in the air.
a. Show the reaction between carbon dioxide and water that produces carbonic acid.
b. Show the reaction between carbonic acid and carbonate ion.
c. The pH of ocean water is currently around 8.1. Is ocean water acidic, basic, or neutral?
d. Does “ocean acidification” mean that the oceans will become acidic? If not, what does it
mean?
15. a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
How many electrons does a calcium atom have?
How many electrons does a calcium ion have?
When a calcium atom becomes a calcium ion, does the atom gain or lose electrons?
How many electrons does a sulfur atom have?
How many electrons does a sulfide ion have?
When a sulfur atom becomes a sulfide ion, does the atom gain or lose electrons?
16. a. What happens to a molecule when it is oxidized?
b. What happens to a molecule when it is reduced?
17. Answer Hill and McCreary Chapter 8 Problem 16 on page 243.
18. Answer Hill and McCreary Chapter 8 Problem 18 on page 243.
19. Answer Hill and McCreary Chapter 8 Problem 45 on page 244.
20. Answer Hill and McCreary Chapter 8 Problem 49 on page 245.
21. In each of these reactions, identify which reactant is oxidized and which reactant is reduced.
a. Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu
b. K + H2O → KOH + H2
c. Fe + S → FeS
d. O2 + Fe → Fe2O3
e. CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
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22. Look back at the electron dot structures you have drawn of organic molecules this quarter. If
you count a single bond as 1 bond, a double bond as 2 bonds, and a triple bond as 3 bonds,
a. how many bonds does a carbon atom have in an organic molecule?
b. how many lone pairs does a carbon atom have in an organic molecule?
c. how many bonds does a nitrogen atom have in an organic molecule?
d. how many lone pairs does a nitrogen atom have in an organic molecule?
e. how many bonds does an oxygen atom have in an organic molecule?
f. how many lone pairs does an oxygen atom have in an organic molecule?
23. We have now seen many types of attractions between nanoscale objects. Discuss the following
types of attractions. Include the names of the attractions, the relative strengths of the attractions,
and the origin of the attractions.
a. The attractions between the valence electrons and the nucleus of an O atom.
b. The attractions between the atoms in an O2 molecule.
c. The attractions between the ions in NaCl.
d. The attractions between two O2 molecules.
e. The attractions between two NH3 molecules.
So the learn’d Alchemist exulting sees
Rise in his bright mattress Diana’s trees;
Drop after drop, with just delay he pours
The red-fumed acid on Potosi’s ores;
With sudden flash the fierce bullitions rise,
And wide in air the gas phlogistic flies;
Slow shoot, at length, in many a brilliant mass
Metallic roots across the netted glass.
Branch after branch extend their silver stems,
Bud into gold, blossom into gems.
- from "Botanic Garden" - Erasmus Darwin -
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