OWTW – Style Sheet
Content:
(1) Introductions, General Survey, Case Studies
• Standard Formatting
• Spelling & Proper Names
• Transliteration
• Punctuation
• Capitalization
• Quotations
• Italics, Roman & Boldface
• Abbreviations
• Footnotes
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(2) Bibliography
• Monographs
• Anthologies & Reference Works
• Edited or Translated Works
• Chapters or Articles in a Book
• Articles in a Journal
• PhD Theses
• Manuscripts References
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(3) Texts & Translations
• Standard Formatting
• General Principles
• Bibliographical References
• Footnotes
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(1) INTRODUCTIONS, GENERAL SURVEY, CASE STUDIES
STANDARD FORMATTING
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Page setup: A4; margins: 20mm right and left; 30mm top and bottom; no header and footer;
page numbers (on top right).
A full page in normal type size counts about 440 words or 2800 characters (spaces
included); a full page in small type size counts about 770 words or 4500 characters (spaces
included).
Main body: times 12, line spacing 1.15; first line of paragraph: indent 0.5; no empty lines
or extra spaces between paragraphs; orientation: justified.
Sections in small print (context, historical background): times 10, line spacing single;
orientation: justified; leave an empty line above and below.
Quotations: set quotations of ca. 20 words or more as block quotations (indent right and left:
0.5); do not enclose within quotation marks; leave an empty line above and below; times 10,
line spacing single; orientation: justified.
Footnotes: times 10, line spacing single; orientation: justified; no spaces between
paragraphs; no indent.
Title of the chapter: times 18, bold, orientation: centered; after main title: full name of
the author (times 14, italics, not bold, two empty lines before, two after).
Subtitles: maximum of two levels of subtitles (first level, times 12, bold, orientation: left,
two empty lines before, one empty line after; second level: times 12, not bold, italics,
orientation: left, two empty lines before, one empty line after).
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SPELLING & PROPER NAMES
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Commonwealth and UK spelling (as given in the Oxford English Dictionary and its
derivatives, e.g. honour, defence, centre, travelling, etc);
For words ending in –ize or –ise, the –ize form is preferred; but note where other
words demand –ise (e.g. advertise, exercise) and the case of ‘analyse’.
TRANSLITERATION
Use only Latin alphabet (i.e. transliterate Greek, Arabic, and Hebrew script). Exceptions:
words with a standard English spelling (e.g. Quran) should keep this spelling.
Transliteration charts (suggestions):
o Greek: http://www.s-e-t-s.org.uk/bulletin/instructions-for-contributors/greektransliteration-chart;
o Arabic: http://web.gc.cuny.edu/ijmes/docs/TransChart.pdf (NB: for diphthongs the
transliteration should consistently be aw and ay);
o Hebrew: http://www.s-e-t-s.org.uk/bulletin/instructions-for-contributors/hebrewtransliteration-chart.
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PUNCTUATION
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Punctuation generally goes outside quotation marks.
Commas should appear before the final ‘and’ / ‘or’ in a list of three or more items (e.g.
truth, grace, and beauty).
No punctuation, other than question marks, should occur at the end of headings or
subheadings.
Use double quotation marks for quotations; use single quotation marks for material
supposition (mention), and within double quotation marks; translate quotation marks from
different systems or languages (e.g. «…» or „…“) into the English form: “…”.
Place ellipses within square brackets ‘[…]’ when they indicate omitted text from a
quotation; use angular brackets ‘<...>’ to indicate additions in quotations and translations.
The plural of 860 is 860s, not 860’s.
Hyphenation is used where the first of two or more words is used adjectively (e.g., ‘a
tenth-century manuscript’ versus ‘in the tenth century’).
Use unbreakable spaces between initials, as well as between initials and names. Also use
unbreakable spaces between two words or signs which make up a strong unit, e.g. ‘d. 1308’,
‘ed. by’ ‘century CE’, etc.
CAPITALIZATION
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Places, persons, days, and months take capitals; nationalities and nouns deriving from
people or languages are capitalized (e.g. Latinate, the Lombards).
Historical periods are capitalized (e.g. Middle Ages, the Reformation).
Nouns and adjectives of movements derived from personal nouns are capitalized (e.g.
Christian, Platonism); but note: biblical, not Biblical; satanic, not Satanic.
Unique events and periods take capitals (e.g. the Last Judgment, the Peasants’ Revolt).
Capitalize references to particular parts of a book in the main body of the text (e.g. Chapter
1; Appendix 2).
In titles (of articles and of books), every word is capitalized except articles, possesives,
prepositions, coordinating conjunctions and other syncategoremes.
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ITALICS, ROMAN & BOLDFACE
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Single words or compound expressions in a foreign language should be in italics; any
other direct quotation in Roman and within double quotation marks (for longer quotations
see above “Quotations” under “Standard Formatting”).
Use italics for titles of books and journals.
Do not use italics for sic, ca., cf., ibid., id., e.g., et al., etc., passim, viz.
Quotation marks are always in Roman (except in italicized titles).
Do not set titles in Roman when they are part of a title; instead, use single quotation marks
(A Study of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ in American Theatre).
Use Roman for religious works such as ‘the Bible’, ‘the Koran’, and ‘the Talmud’, and do
not place individual books of the Bible in italics or within quotation marks (e.g. II
Corinthians 5.13-15).
ABBREVIATIONS
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Follow two-letter postal abbreviations for US states (‘NY’ for New York); but for other
place-names, use e.g. Vic. for Victoria, Ont. for Ontario.
Do not use loc. cit. or op. cit.
Use b. for ‘birth / born’, use d. for ‘died’.
Do not use full-stops / periods after Mr, St, Dr, USA, UK, vols, fols, nos, eds, edn, CE.
Do use full-stops / periods with e.g., h., i.e., vol., fol., no., ed., pl., p., repr., ps., vol., pp.,
trans., viz. and so on.
Avoid starting sentences and footnotes with abbreviations: hence ‘For example, …’, not
‘E.g., …’.
Use MS and MSS for manuscript shelf-mark citations and references; but otherwise the
word ‘manuscript’ in full.
FOOTNOTES
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Footnote reference numbers in the main text should generally be located at the end of a
sentence, after punctuation; they are written in superscript.
Bibliographical references are consistently given in short form, e.g. Marenbon (2011), p. 34.
For manuscript references, follow example: British Library, Cotton MSS, Caligula D III, fols
1va-65rb.
Do not use a footnote number in a title or heading.
For references to sacred texts, follow example: II Corinthians 5.13-15; Genesis 1.19; Quran
2.31.
(2) BIBLIOGRAPHY
MONOGRAPHS
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Chadwick H. M. and Chadwick N. K. (1932), The Growth of Literature, 3 vols, Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1932-40, repr. 1986, vol. 1.
NB: First names are given as initials, with an unbreakable space in between.
ANTHOLOGIES & REFERENCE WORKS
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Strayer J. R. et al. (eds) (1985), Dictionary of the Middle Ages, New York: Scribner, 198289.
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EDITED OR TRANSLATED WORKS
Peter Abelard (2010), Glossae super Peri Hermeneias, ed. by K. Jacobi and C. Strub,
Turnhout: Brepols.
William of Ockham (1974), Summa logicae, ed. by P. Boehner, G. Gál, and S. F. Brown, St
Bonaventure NY: The Franciscan Institute (Opera philosophica, vol. 1).
William of Ockham (1978), Expositio super Librum Praedicamentorum Aristotelis, ed. by
G. Gál, St Bonaventure NY: The Franciscan Institute (in Opera philosophica, vol. 2, pp. 135339).
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NB: replace ‘ed. by’ with ‘trans. by’, ‘dir. by’, or ‘rev. by’ where necessary.
CHAPTERS OR ARTICLES IN A BOOK
Bogdanow F. (1959), “The Suite du Merlin and the Post-Vulgate Roman du Graal”, in
Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages: A Collaborative History, ed. by R. S. Loomis,
Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 325-35.
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ARTICLES IN A JOURNAL
Cook R. F. (1989), “Baudouin de Sebourc: un poème édifiant?”, Olifant 14, pp. 115-35.
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PhD THESES
Ingram R. (1988), Historical Drama in Great Britain from 1935 to the Present (unpublished
doctoral thesis, University of London).
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MANUSCRIPTS REFERENCES
London, British Library, Cotton MSS, Caligula D III.
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(3) TEXTS & TRANSLATIONS
STANDARD FORMATTING
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A4; margins: 20mm right and left; 30mm top and bottom; no header and footer; page
numbers (on top right).
A full page in times 10 counts about 770 words or 4500 characters (spaces included).
Times 10, line spacing single; orientation: justified; no spaces between paragraphs; no
indent.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
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Each set of texts and translations corresponding to a case study should be introduced
(approximately 5 lines) explaining the selection and its underlying rationale.
The texts will be given in original language (in respective script) and English translation
(mind the quantitative limits: approximately 15 pp all included per case study).
Use existing standard editions where available, however, note that the critical apparatus
cannot be copied (i.e., copy the text itself only)
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
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Precise bibliographical references to the used standard edition(s) or to the used
manuscript(s) will be given immediately after the main title of the respective text.
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Titles:
(a) Main title of each text given in original language and translation: times 12, bold,
orientation: left, two empty lines before, one empty line after
(b) Subtitles within texts in original language and translation: times 10, not bold, italics,
orientation: left, two empty lines before, one empty line after
FOOTNOTES
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Times 9, line spacing single; orientation: justified; no spaces between paragraphs; no
indent.
Keep footnotes to the strict minimum, both for the text in original language and for the
translation; examples for relevant footnotes can be
(a) for the text in original language: specific source references; if the text is taken from an
existing edition: deviations from the reference edition; if the text is edited for the
volume: problems in the manuscripts (deviations, conjectures, etc.); NB: do not aspire a
critical edition.
(b) for the translation: notes should be kept to the strict minimum of what is required in
order to understand the text.
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