Língua Estrangeira – Inglês
2ª Séries – Ensino Médio
Present Time
Comparing and Contrasting
Professora: Simone Motta
Present Time
What is it?
Grammatical Rules - Comparing and Contrasting
Present Time
The present is a complex verb tense because we use it to
talk about the:
Past:
Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
Present:
Simple Present and Present Continuous
Future:
Simple Present and Present Continuous (future idea)
Past Time: Present Perfect/ Present Perfect Cont.
What is it?
Present Perfect
Past
Present
Future
Unspecified Time Before Now.
Present Perfect Continuous
Past
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Present
Future
Duration from the Past Until Now –
Recent, lately.
Past Time: Present Perfect/ Present Perfect Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
Present Perfect Simple
Present Perfect Progressive
Irregular Verbs: Form of “have” + 3rd
column of irregular verbs
Form of 'have' + been + verb + ing
Example:
I / you / we / they have spoken
he / she / it has spoken
Example:
I / you / we / they have been speaking
he / she / it has been speaking
Regular Verbs: Form of “have” + infinitive + ed
Example:
I / you / we / they have worked
he / she / it has worked
English Grammar Online - http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepersim-preperpro
Past Time: Present Perfect
Grammatical Rules:
• According to the Oxford Practice Grammar we can divide the
Present Perfect into 3 parts:
Part 1: The present perfect
Part 2: The present perfect: just, already, yet; for and since
Part 3: The present perfect: been, gone, ever, never, first time,
second time, today, this week, etc
Past Time: Present Perfect
Grammatical Rules:
Part 1: The present perfect
The Present Perfect tells us about the Past and the Present.
Examples:
• He has painted the house means that
The house is painted now.
• I’ve made a shopping list means that
The shopping list is done.
Past Time: Present Perfect/ Present Perfect Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
Part 2: The present perfect: just, already, yet; for and since
• We can use the Present Perfect with just, already and yet
• Just means ‘a short time ago’
“This information has just arrived...”
• Already means ‘sooner than expected’
“They have already gone”
• We use Yet when we are expecting something to happen.
“Has your course started yet?”
Past Time: Present Perfect
Grammatical Rules:
Part 3: The present perfect: ever, never, first time, second
time, today, this week, etc
•
Gone to or Been to?
Gone there (to) means that she is still there.
Claire has gone to Australia.
Been there (to) means that the visit is over.
Claire has been to Australia.
Past Time: Present Perfect
Grammatical Rules:
• Ever and never
We can use ever and never with the present perfect.
Mark: Where have you been this time, Claire?
Claire: I’ve just come back from the States. Florida.
Mark: You get around, don’t you? I’ve never been to
Florida. Was it good?
Claire: It was OK. Not as good as Australia. I might go to
Brazil next time. Have you ever been there?
Mark: No, I haven’t.
Past Time: Present Perfect
Grammatical Rules:
• The word ever in a question means ‘in your whole life up
to the present time’.
Have you ever been to Brazil?
• Never means ‘not ever’.
Has Andrew never had any fun? – I don’t think so.
Past Time: Present Perfect Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
• Present Perfect Continuous
We’ve been waiting here for twenty minutes.
– We’re going to be late for the film.
• According to the Oxford Practice Grammar we use the Present
Perfect continuous to:
- Represent an action that happens over a period of time (for
twenty minutes).
- Here the period lasts up to the present – they are still waiting
now.
Past Time: Present Perfect Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
• The present perfect continuous is the present tense of
have + been + an ing-form
I/you/we/they have been waiting
He/she/it has been waiting
or I/you/we/they’ve been waiting
or
He/she/it’s been waiting
• NEGATIVE:
I/you/we/they/ haven’t been waiting or He/she/it hasn’t been waiting
• QUESTIONS:
Have I/you/we/they/ been waiting?
or
Has he/she/it been waiting?
Past Time: Present Perfect Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
- We use the present perfect continuous for an action over a period of
time leading up to the present.
We’ve been waiting here for twenty minutes. (We’re waiting now.)
-
In these examples the action is still going on.
-
We must use the perfect in these situations.
NOT (we wait here for twenty minutes)
OR
(We’re waiting here for twenty minutes.)
Past Time: Present Perfect Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
- We can use the present perfect continuous to talk about repeated
actions up to now.
Natasha has been playing the piano since she was four.
- We can also use it to talk about an action which ends just before the
present.
I’ve been swimming. That’s why my hair is wet.
Past Time: Present Perfect Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
•
-
For, since and recently
We can use the present perfect continuous with for and since.
You’ve been playing on that computer since seven o’clock.
NOTE: Recently and Lately also mean ‘in the last few days or weeks’.
I haven’t been feeling very well recently.
What have you been doing lately?
Past Time: Present Perfect/ Present Perfect Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
• Present perfect continuous or simple?
I have been doing or I have done?
- We use the present perfect continuous for an action happening
over a period of time.
Mike has been repairing the car.
(We are thinking of Mike doing the repair and getting oil on his hands)
- We use the present perfect simple for a complete action.
Mike has repaired the car.
(We are thinking of the finished repair and the result of the repair – that the
car is all right now.)
Past Time: Present Perfect/ Present Perfect Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
•
-
States and actions
We cannot normally use the continuous form with a state verb.
I’ve known the secret for a long time.
NOT (I’ve been knowing the secret.)
Live and work (= have a job) can be continuous or simple, with no
difference in meaning.
We’ve been living here since 1992.
OR
We’ve lived here since 1992.
Practice 1:
Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect
Progressive).
have you taken
1 - A:______________________(you
/ take) the dog for a walk yet?
have been working
2 - B: I _____________________(work)
all day. I ___________________(come
/ just)
have just come
home from work and I _________________(have
/ not) the time yet to walk the dog.
haven't had
has the dog been
3 - A: How long ________________________(the
dog / be) home alone?
haven't walked
4 - B: For about 6 hours. You _________________(walk
/ not) the dog for a long time. Don't
you want to go?
haven't been lazing
5 - A: Well, I ____________________(laze
/ not) about all day either, you know. I have a
haven't finished
very important meeting tomorrow and I still _________________(finish
/ not) my
presentation.
have you put
6 - B: Okay, I will go then. Where _____________(you
/ put) collar and leash?
have you eaten
7 - A: They are in the kitchen. By the way, __________________(you
/ eat) anything
yet? If not, could you get us something from the supermarket?
Practice 2:
Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect Simple or Present
Perfect Progressive).
1- A: I __________________(call)
for you for half an hour. Where_________________(be)
? And
have been calling
have you been
why are your clothes so dirty?
have cleaned
2 - B: I __________________
(clean) up the garden.
have you found
have been looking
3 - A: ________________(you
/ find) a box with old photos there? I__________________(look)
for it for ages.
4 - B: I ____________________
haven't discovered (discover / not) it yet, but I ____________________(work)
have been working
have just come
for a long time. I ___________________(come
/ just) in to eat something.
5 - A: I _________________(cook
/ not) anything yet because I __________________(talk)
haven't cooked
have been talking
to our neighbor.
Present Time: Simple Present/ Present Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
Present Simple
All verbs: Form of subj + verb (infinitive)
Example:
I / you / we / they study
I / you / we / they work
I / you / we / they go
3rd person singular: Form of subj + verb +
s/es/ies
Example:
He / she / it studies
He / she / it speaks
He / she / it goes
Present Continuous
Form of subj + be + verb + ing
Example:
I am speaking
You / we / they are speaking
He / she / it is speaking
I am stuying
You/ we / they are studying
He/ she/ it is studying
Present Time: Simple Present/ Present Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
There are 2 uses for Simple Present
USE 1 Repeated
Actions:
We go to school everyday
USE 2 Facts or
Generalizations:
It rains in Brazil in the summer.
Present Time: Simple Present/ Present Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
There are 2 uses for Present Continuous
USE 1 Now
We are studying English.
USE 2 Longer
Actions in
Progress Now
I am studying to pass my tests at the end of the year.
Future Time: Simple Present/ Present Cont.
Grammatical Rules:
USE 1 Scheduled
Events in the
Near Future:
What time does the class start tomorrow?
USE 1 Near
Future:
I’m visiting my friends tomorow.
USE 2
Repetition and
Irritation with
"Always"
He is always talking about football
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Present Continuous and Stative Verbs
There are vebs that are NOT used in the continuous form
because their idea is coninuous already.
Abstract Verbs:
to want, to cost, to seem, to need, to care, to contain, to
exist...
Possession Verbs:
to possess, to own, to belong...
Emotion Verbs:
to like, to love, to hate, to dislike, to mind...
Present Continuous and Mixed Verbs
There are vebs that can be used in both the simple and the
continuous; However the meaning of these words can change.
to have:
I have a dollar now. (Stative Verb)
I possess a dollar.
I am having fun now. (Normal Verb)
I am experiencing fun now.
to look:
Nancy looks tired. (Stative Verb)
She appears tired.
Farah is looking at the pictures. (Normal Verb)
She is looking with her eyes.
Present Continuous and Mixed Verbs
to see:
I see her. (Stative Verb)
I see her with my eyes.
I am seeing the doctor. (Normal Verb)
I am visiting or consulting with a doctor. (Also used with dentist and
lawyer.)
I am seeing him. (Normal Verb)
I am having a relationship with him.
He is seeing ghosts at night. (Normal Verb)
He sees something others cannot see. For example ghosts, aura, a
vision of the future, etc.
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