American History
Unit 09:
Industrial Revolution (Part 01)
The Agrarian South
vs. the
Industrial North
The Industrial Revolution
I. New ways to produce goods.
A.. Began in England (Britain)
B. Before the Industrial Revolution
1. Goods were produced by hand at home or in workshops.
2. Most people were farmers and lived in rural areas.
C. Results of the Industrial Revolution
1. New sources of power.
a. Steam and electricity.
1a. Replaced human and animal
power.
2. The economy shifted as people moved
from farms to cities.
The Growth
of Cities
New Technology
Spinning Jenny
Invented by James Hargreaves
in 1764.
Spun cotton thread much faster.
Created a demand for cotton.
Cotton Gin
Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793.
Removed seeds from and cleaned
cotton.
Made the cotton industry profitable
for the first time.
Southern farmers were able to
earn money from cotton.
Eli Whitney
The Spinning Jenny
How the Cotton Gin Worked
The Cotton Gin:
Made slavery
profitable.
Cotton Gins Effect on Slavery Diagram
King Cotton
Discussion Questions #1
1. Using the cotton gin as an example, explain why technological
advances sometimes do harm as well as good.
2. How do you think the Southern agricultural economy might have
developed differently if Eli Whitney had not invented the cotton
gin?
3. Why do you think Southerners supported the slavery system?
The Birth of the Factory
I. Capitalists
A. People with money to invest in business to make a profit.
B. Factory system
1. Brought workers and machines together in one place to produce goods.
The First American Mill
December 1790.
Samuel Slater (British) and
Moses Brown (American).
Slater smuggled plans and
ideas out of Britain.
Interchangeable Parts
I. Interchangeable Parts (Eli Whitney)
A. By "interchangeable part" is meant a part which is pre-manufactured and
stored somewhere.
1. When a corresponding part breaks down, it is replaced by a new, off the
self part.
2. Until the early 19th century everything was hand made by a craftsman.
a. Every part was different even when serving the same function.
b. You could not buy a new part. You had to go to a craftsman and have
it "tailor made" to replace the broken part.
3. This process was time consuming and expensive, and sometimes
impossible.
From Workshops to Factories
I. Work in the mills:
A. Hazardous conditions
1. Dirty, unheated, unsafe work areas.
B. Long hours and little pay.
1. Between 12-18 hours a day.
2. Six days a week.
C. Women and children in big demand.
1. Received 1/2 pay as men.
2. Why children?
a. Quick and small.
1a. They could squeeze between machinery.
Immigrants from Europe began to
arrive in America. With their vast
numbers came overcrowding,
crime, and disease.
Most of the immigrants came from
England and Ireland.
The Growth of Cities
I. Hazards of City Life.
A. Overcrowding
B. Filthy streets- city dirt roads became mud
after it rained.
C. No sewers in cities.
1. People threw garbage into the streets.
D. Diseases
1. Typhoid, dysentery, and cholera.
E. Fires
1. Flames quickly spread from building to
building.
a. Volunteer firemen fought to put out fires.
II. Benefits of City Life
A. Circuses, racetracks, plays, and museums.
B. Stores that sold the latest goods.
The unhealthy conditions of
a city slum can be seen in
the painting above.
The Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Positive Effects:
More
jobs and opportunities were created.
Inventions, like the railroad and electric light bulb, made life more comfortable.
Negative Effects:
Only
a few people got wealthy- often at the expense of workers.
Living and working conditions in the Industrial cities were often poor
and unhealthy.
Discussion Questions #2
1. What would you have liked and/or disliked about working in the
city during the Industrial Revolution?
2. Why do you think that cities rapidly grew larger after 1800?
3. What were some of the advantages and disadvantages of sending
children to work in the mills at a young age?
Industrial Revolution (Part 01) Review
1. Describe how things were made before the Industrial Revolution.
2. Explain why cotton was king and the importance of the Cotton Gin.
3. Describe the birth of the factory system and its many hazards.
4. Describe the growth of cities and their many hazards.