Study questions – Test 2 – Angiosperms, plant biotechnology and plant structure
1. When and how did the flower/Angiosperms first evolve?
2. Describe flower structure – four major parts and each of their unit parts, and functions of those
unit parts.
3. Identify - megasporophyll, megasporangia, megaspore, female gametophyte; microsporophyll,
microsporangia, mocrospore, male gametophyte in flower.
4. Describe Angiosperm life cycle especially referring to the fate of megaspore and microspore
after their formation from respective sporangia; double fertilization; endosperm of Monocots
vs. Eudicots.
5. Describe adaptations that have evolved in Angiosperm xylem and phloem to support flower and
fruit in contrast to Gymnosperms.
6. Describe Angiosperm cladogram referring to ANA Grade, Magnoliids, Monocots and Eudicots.
7. Compare Monocot seed with Eudicot seed.
8. What are the relative sizes of Monocot class (Lilioopsida) and Eudicot class (Magnoliopsida) in
Anthophyta phylum?
9. Under Magnoliids, name three orders with well-known economically important species – what
are those species.
10. Identify suffixes of plant phyla, classes, orders and families. Fully classify wheat and rice.
11. List the six largest Angiosperm families from large to small - using their botanical names and
common names – which ones are Monocots?
12. Compare Monocots with Eudicots in terms of leaf, stem, root, pollen and flower.
13. Why do Monocots typically lack secondary growth?
14. Name some economically important families and species in orders, Asparagales and Lilliales?
15. What are economical significances of Dioscoreacea in Dioscoreales - comment on food and
medicine.
16. Describe economical significances of Arecaceae in Aricales – refer to example species at last
using common names.
17. Describe economically significant spp. of Poaceae and Bromeliaceae in Poales?
18. Identify economically significant spp. of Zingiberaceae, Musaceae, Cannaceae and Marantaceae
of Zingiberales.
19. What are monocolpate and tricolpate pollens?
20. Draw the Eudicot cladogram showing Basal Eudicots, Core Eudicots, Rosids (Fabids and Malvids)
and Asterids.
21. Describe/characterize major spp. especially Caryophyllale families in Basal Eudicots.
22. Describe major characteristics – leaf, flower, fruit - of Fabids in Rosids – especially in the
Fabaceae.
23. What are major economically important spp. in families of Rosaleas and Ulmales in Fabids?
24. Describe significance of Myrtaceae in Mytrales of Fabids.
25. What are major food crops in Cucurbitaceae of Cucurbitales in Fabids?
26. Describe families of orders, Malvales, Brassicalales and Sapidalales in Malvids.
27. Describe Asterid flower characteristics.
28. Describes families of Gentianales, Lamiales, Apiales, Asterales and Solanales referring to
common representative species.
29. What are the four Biotech crops planted to largest hectarage globally?
30. What are the three main categories of those crops based on input traits?
31. What is the difference between transgenesis and cisgenesis?
32. What is the significance of Agrobacterium spp. in Plant Biotechnology?
33. Describe five unique characteristics of plant cells and their functions.
34. What are primary plant body and secondary plant body?
35. Describe the external structure of a typical plant.
36. Categorize and describe meristematic and permanent tissues of plants.
37. Compare and contrast the structure and function of A) two dermal tissue types and B) three
ground tissue types of simple tissues.
38. Compare and contrast structure and function of two complex tissue types.
39. Describe the internal structure of typical leaf and functions of each tissue in it.
40. How are guard cells different from other leaf epidermal cells?
41. Compare Monocots and Eudicots in details of stem and root tissues.
42. Describe Eudicot secondary growth.
43. Name structures in the diagram below.
"A" _______________________
"B" _______________________
"C" _______________________
"F" _______________________
"G" _______________________
"L" _______________________
44. Which stage is dominant in the flowering plants, sporophyte or gametophyte?
______________
45. Which letter represents the male gametophyte? ________________
46. Which letter represents the female gametophyte? ________________
47. Is the ovary of the flower gametophyte tissue or sporophyte tissue? ______________
More Study questions for test 2
1. Identify the main crops/plants in following monocot families.
Asparagaceae, Orchidaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Dioscoeaceae, Arcaceae, Poaceae, Bromeliaceae,
Zingiberaceae and Musaceae.
2. Draw the cladogram of Eudicots.
3. Identify economically useful spp. and their families of basal Eudicots.
4. Briefly describe Fabaceae flower.
5. Identify major crops in – Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Ulmaceae, Myrtaceae, Cucurbitaceae,
Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rutacea, Sapindaceae, Apcynaceae, Rubiaceae,
Plantaginaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae and Solanaceae.
6. Describe the medicinal values in Vinca (Apocynaceae), Cinchona (Rubiaceae), and Foxglove
(Plantaginaceae).
7. Describe tonoplast, turgor, pit fields, plasmodesmata, phragmoplast, symplast and apoplast.
8. Describe different types of plastids.
9. Describe node, internode, axillary bud, apical bud, petiole and rhizome.
10. Describe primary growth and secondary growth in Eudicots – use apical meristem and vascular
cambium function in your answer.
11. Why are vascular tissues called permanent, and complex?
12. Describe four different cell types of xylem, and four different cell types of phloem and give
function of each cell type. Which cells are dead at function/maturity?
13. Draw labeled sketches to show structures of each of cell types above.
14. What are examples of special parenchyma cells – rather than being ground tissue only?
15. What are likely places of collenchyma in plant body/structure?
16. What are the two main types of sclerenchyma – what cells are found in each type?
17. Draw a labeled diagram of typical leaf CS and discuss functions of each tissue.
18. Draw clearly labeled diagrams of Monocot and Eudicot stem CSs.
19. What are ray cells/tissues?
20. Show and describe following regions of a typical root. – root cap, zone of division, zone of
elongation and zone of differentiation.
21. In a typical root CS (monocot and eudicot) label tissue layers /structures and discuss their
functions.
22. Compare a young vs. mature dicot stem CS and discuss how secondary growth happens.