SOY MORATORIUM MAPPING AND MONITORING SOYBEAN IN THE AMAZON BIOME – 5TH YEAR 2012 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome was renewed for the fifth time in October 2011, continuing the commitment made by the industry and exporter members of ABIOVE (Brazilian Vegetable Oil Industries Association) and ANEC (National Grain Exporters Association) not to acquire soybeans originating from areas in the Amazon Biome deforested after July 2006. For this fifth monitoring cycle, the Soy Task Force (GTS), whose members are representatives of ABIOVE’s and ANEC’s members, the Ministry of the Environment, Bank of Brazil and civil society organizations (Conservação Internacional, Greenpeace, IPAM–Institute of Environmental Research in the Amazon, TNC and WWF-Brasil), maintained the partnership with INPE (National Space Research Institute) to detect the presence of annual crops in deforested areas through interpretation of satellite images. To generate reliable information on the current participation of soybean in the Amazon Biome’s deforestation process, the data bases of FUNAI (National Native Indians Foundation), IBAMA (Brazilian Environmental & Renewable Natural Resources Institute), IBGE (Brazilian Geographic & Statistical Institute), IMAZON (Institute of the Amazon People & Environment) and INPE were used. The company, Geoambiente Sensoriamento Remoto Ltda., was hired for the second consecutive year to make the aerial survey to identify soybean plantations in the areas with annual crops previously selected by INPE. To consolidate the aerial survey information, field visits were also made to all rural properties with the presence of soybean in recent deforested areas. By using satellite images combined with aerial survey to monitor deforestations since the beginning of the Soy Moratorium in 2006, it was possible to identify the presence of soybeans on 18,410 hectares (71 square miles) of recent deforestations. During this same period (2006-2011), total deforestation in the Amazon Biome was 4.51 million hectares (17,413 square miles), of which 3.47 million hectares (13,398 square miles), or 77%, were located in the three soy producing states that were monitored under the Moratorium (Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia). In these states, the 58 monitored municipalities are responsible for 98% of the soybean planted in the Amazon Biome. Soybean plantation in the Amazon Biome, on land that was deforested during the Soy Moratorium, corresponds to 0.41% of all deforestation, or 0.53% of the deforestation in the three soyproducing states, or even 3.04% of the deforestation in the soyproducing municipalities. In crop year 2011/12 Brazil planted 24.8 million hectares (95,753 square miles) of soybeans, with 2.1 million hectares (8,108 square miles) in the Amazon Biome. This report describes the methodology and presents the results obtained in the fifth year of the Soy Moratorium’s monitoring cycle. The site www.abiove.com.br has the detailed information on the deforested polygons, including the satellite images, panoramic aerial photographs and field visits that make up this study. 3 I INTRODUCTION The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome, which represents 49% of the country’s territory and has over 20 million inhabitants, was signed on July 24, 2006 by the industry and exporter members of ABIOVE (Brazilian Vegetable Oil Industries Association) and ANEC (National Grain Exporters Association). The Moratorium was renewed for the fifth time in October 2011, with its commitment that the companies not acquire soybeans from areas of the Amazon Biome that were deforested after July 2006 (Lovatelli, 2011). The deforested and monitored areas were obtained from the data base of PRODES¹ (Program for Calculating Deforestation in Brazil’s Legal Amazon). In the first two years, corresponding to crop years 2007/08 and 2008/09, monitoring was done on a sampling basis. In the first crop year (2007/08), no soybeans were found in areas deforested after the Soy Moratorium was signed and, in the second (2008/09), 1,384 hectares (5 square miles) were detected. Starting in the Soy Moratorium’s third year, all deforested polygons were monitored in a first step through satellite images, followed by aerial survey and field visits to identify the rural properties with soy planted after the Moratorium. In the third crop year (2009/10), 6,295 hectares (24 square miles) were identified as having soybean and, in the fourth crop year (2010/2011), 11,698 hectares (45 square miles) had soybean (Rudorff et al., 2011 & 2012). Certain improvements in methodology were adopted in the fourth year that took into consideration the crop calendar, with its differences between the northern region of Pará state and the states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso. Conservation Units, Indigenous Lands and Settlements were also monitored but aerial survey was performed only on private producing farms. The data bases of several institutions were used: FUNAI (National Native Indians Foundation), IBAMA (Brazilian Environmental & Renewable Natural Resources Institute), IBGE (Brazilian Geographic & Statistical Institute), IMAZON (Institute of the Amazon People & Environment), INCRA (National Colonization & Agrarian Reform Institute) and INPE (National Space Research Institute). II SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of this study is to identify soybean plantations in crop year 2011/12 in areas of the Amazon Biome deforested after July 24, 2006, according to the criteria of the Soy Moratorium. The study’s specific objectives are to use satellite images for the selection of areas with annual crops in the 2011/12 crop year, in all deforested areas indicated by INPE`s PRODES system after the Moratorium, and to confirm soybean crops in those selected areas through aerial survey with photographic recording followed by field visits. III METHODOLOGY The methodology of this study consists in defining the area of concentration of soybean plantations in the Amazon Biome and in using satellite images to preselect the PRODES deforested polygons that are likely to have annual crops. The preselected polygons are then subjected to aerial survey to confirm the presence of soybean. This methodology is detailed below. 3.1. Definition of the study area Selection of deforested polygons for monitoring was based on the following criteria: 1. Located entirely or partially in the Amazon Biome; 2. Located in the states of Mato Grosso (Amazon Biome region), Pará and Rondônia, that concentrate the production of soybean in the Amazon Biome; 3. Located in municipalities, whose last or current year’s estimate indicated a soybean acreage of more than 5,000 hectares (19 square miles); 4. Aggregated small deforested polygons (see Item 3.3) to form polygons greater than 25 hectares (61.8 acres), identified by PRODES in the years 2007-2011. 1- Available on www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/ (Shimabukuro et al., 1998). 2- The PRODES annual evaluations are based on images acquired between August and July of the following year. PRODES 2007 used some images acquired after the start of the Soy Moratorium (July 24, 2006). 4 Figure 1 shows the 58 municipalities selected for monitoring in accordance with the criteria defined above and presents the boundaries of Conservation Units, Indigenous Lands and Settlements. Figure 1. Defined study area based on the following criteria: (1) Amazon Biome; (2) soybean producing states (Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia); (3) municipalities with soybean acreage over 5,000 hectares. 3.2. Deforested polygons of the PRODES System Since 1988, PRODES, the project developed and run by INPE that monitors and maps deforestation, has estimated the annual deforestation rate in the Legal Amazon. In 2002, the analogic mapping procedure was converted to a digital system. Images from the Landsat satellite, which are automatically classified in a first stage, are later edited to correct their classification through visual interpretation on the computer screen. The deforestation maps are included in a georeferenced data base and are available on the Internet (http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/). Table 1 shows the PRODES data for the states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Pará, related to the polygons in the Amazon Biome, deforested since the beginning of the Soy Moratorium. All the polygons deforested in the 2007-2011 period, in the states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Pará, were selected from the PRODES data base. These polygons were intersected with the boundaries of the 58 municipalities with soybean plantations over 5,000 hectares (19 square miles) within the Amazon Biome’s boundaries. Only those polygons located within the limits of these municipalities, which represent 98% of soybean crop in the Amazon Biome, were selected. Table 1. Total annual deforested area (hectares) in the states of Mato Grosso (Amazon Biome), Rondônia and Pará during the Soy Moratorium. State Year of PRODES Mapping during the Soy Moratorium* 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Mato Grosso** 237,142 317,123 68,438 65,757 110,800 799,260 Pará 552,600 560,700 428,100 377,000 300,800 2,219,200 Rondônia 161,100 113,600 48,200 43,500 86,500 452,900 Total 950,842 991,423 544,738 486,257 498,100 3,471,360 * The PRODES mapping year is from August to July ** Deforested area in Mato Grosso, located within the Amazon Biome Source: Adapted from INPE; available on http://www.obt.inpe.br/prodes/prodes_1988_2011.htm 5 3.3. Aggregation of adjacent polygons The GTS agreed to monitor deforested polygons greater than 25 hectares (61.8 acres) due to the moderate spatial resolution 3,4 of the images (250x250 meters, or 820x820 ft.) from the MODIS sensor (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) used to identify annual crops in these polygons. The smaller deforested areas, which gradually increase over the years, are aggregated and included in the monitoring cycle when the sum of annual and adjacent deforestation reaches 25 hectares. As an example, Figure 2 shows the aggregation of three polygons into one. Before aggregation, polygons 1 and 2 were smaller than 25 hectares but, after aggregation, passed the 25-hectare minimum and, consequently, were included in the monitoring cycle. Figure 2. Example of aggregation of three adjacent PRODES polygons. 3.4. Identification of polygons with annual crops through satellite images MODIS images are often used to classify soy crops and the results are sufficiently precise, especially in the state of Mato Grosso. Nevertheless, some classification errors, associated with other crops such as rice and corn, are common. The results of the Soy Moratorium in previous years show that over 90% of the deforested areas have no signs of annual crops. Consequently, less than 10% of the deforested polygons present annual crop and need to be aerial surveyed to ensure the correct identification of soybeans in these polygons. Thus, MODIS images have a fundamental role in the detection of annual crops, eliminating over 90% of deforested polygons which show no evidence of annual crops. According to the results of the TerraClass Project, over 90% of the deforestation mapped by PRODES between 1988 and 2007 have pastures or secondary regenerated forest, with only 4% having annual crops (www.inpe.br/cra/projetos_pesquisas/terraclass. php). Identification of the presence of soybeans or other annual crops through satellite images needs to be made early in the growing season to allow enough time for the subsequent activities of aerial survey and field visit. Based on the soybean calendar for the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia, MODIS sensor images from the Terra satellite acquired at two periods were used: June 9, 2011 to December 15, 2011, and June 9, 2011 to January 15, 2012. Because of the differences in the soybean crop calendar in the state of Pará, the images for this state were for the periods: June 9, 2011 to January 31, 2012, and December 1, 2011 to March 10, 2012. The method used to detect the presence of annual crops in the deforested 5 polygons is based on the Crop Enhancement Index (CEI) that highlights the variation in the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in two specific periods of the soybean growing season: (a) in the off-season, before the soybeans begin to grow, when the EVI values are relatively low (MinEVI, Figures 3 and 4), and (b) when the soybeans are well developed and show the highest EVI values (MaxEVI, Figure 3). High CEI values indicate the presence of soybeans, or another annual crop with characteristics similar to soybeans in terms of sowing and maximum development periods, while forest regeneration, cerrado or pastures show low CEI values because of the low seasonal variation when compared to annual crops (Figure 3). 3- Rudorff et al., 2007. 4- Justice et al., 1998; Huete et al., 1999; Justice and Townshend, 2002. 5- Rizzi et al., 2009 6 June July August September October November December January February Figure 3. Example of the temporal variations in EVI values for: (a) early and late sown soybeans according to the crop calendar of Mato Grosso; (b) forest; (c) forest regeneration; and (d) Cerrado/Pastures. Also shown are the periods in which the minimum (MinEVI) and maximum (MaxEVI) EVI values are obtained to calculate the CEI. a) Figure 4a shows a MODIS/EVI image for the period in which annual crops present the lowest EVI values (MinEVI), while Figure 4b shows the period of maximum EVI values (MaxEVI). From the minimum and maximum EVI values comes the CEI image shown in Figure 4c. The higher and lower CEI values are associated with the presence and absence of annual crops, respectively. Figure 4c also includes a false color image from the period of maximum soybean development, with the soy crops shown in yellow. After selecting the polygons through the MODIS/CEI images, classification was refined by a visual analysis of these polygons, using satellite images with better spatial resolution and partially free of cloud cover. These images were obtained from the Landsat-7 satellite (ETM+ sensor) and the Resourcesat-1 satellite (AWIFS and LISS3 sensors) and are available on INPE’s website at www. dgi.inpe.br/. The 2011/12 crop year was favorable in terms of getting cloud-free images, making it possible to refine well the polygon selection for the aerial survey, as well as accurately indicating the presence of soybeans in several polygons. Figure 4. Example of two deforested polygons, with and without an annual crop, identified through the CEI method: (a) MODIS image with minimum EVI values; (b) MODIS image with maximum EVI values; and (c) CEI image showing that high values indicate the presence of annual crop and low values indicate the absence, as illustrated by the composite colored image taken by the AWIFS sensor on board of the Resourcesat-1 satellite. b) c) 7 3.5. Aerial survey used to identify soybean plantation The polygons identified by satellite images as having signs of annual crops were subjected to aerial survey, using an airplane equipped with GPS, on-board computer and camera for taking panoramic photographs. The photographs of the polygons were used to identify the total or partial occurrence of soybeans and also of other land uses. Each selected polygon was identified with: 1. Identification number (ID), with the municipality 2. Name of the owner and the property (confidential use only), obtained through field visits to the properties and confirmed with the competent entities 3. Land use, according to classification 4. Deforested area, in hectares 5. Area planted with soybeans, in hectares 6. Central geographic coordinates (X and Y) 7. Satellite images and aerial photographs Between December 27, 2011 and May 23, 2012, 146 hours were spent flying over 31 municipalities in the states of Mato Grosso, Rondônia and Pará. Apart from the adverse climatic conditions common at this time of year, this stage of the project is complicated by the lack of infrastructure (aerodromes and highways), communication problems in some municipalities and difficulties in obtaining information during the field trips. IV RESULTS 4.1. Selection of PRODES polygons Based on the methodology defined for selecting the study area to be monitored, 20,314 polygons have been deforested since the start of the Soy Moratorium, corresponding to a total area of 605,560 hectares (2,338 square miles) (Table 2). These polygons are located in 58 municipalities in the Amazon Biome: 46 in Mato Grosso state, 6 in Pará state and 6 in Rondônia state. With the aggregation of adjacent deforested polygons between 2007 and 2011, the number of polygons was reduced to 14,566, as shown in Table 2. Table 2 shows that aggregation reduced the number of polygons in the smaller categories (≤25 hectares, or 61.8 acres, and 25-50 hectares, or 61.8-123.6 acres) and increased the number of polygons in the larger categories (50-100 hectares, or 123.6-247.2 acres, and >100 hectares, or 247.2 acres). Before aggregation, polygons with less than 25 hectares represented 77% of the total, while those with over 100 hectares represented 4% (Figure 5a). After aggregation, the smaller polygons represent 70% and the larger 7% of the total (Figure 5b). As can be seen, the total area also suffered a residual variation from the aggregation that impacted the representativity of these categories. Polygons with less than 25 hectares decreased their representativity from 32% (Figure 5c) to 20% (Figure 5d) of the total deforested area. On the other hand, polygons with over 100 hectares increased their representativity from 40% (Figure 5c) to 55% (Figure 5d) of the total deforested area. In addition, the total area of polygons with over 25 hectares increased from 321,079 hectares (1,240 square miles) before aggregation to 484,010 hectares (1,869 square miles) after aggregation. Table 2. Number of polygons (n) and area in hectares (ha), with and without aggregation of polygons. PRODES Categories PRODES - Aggregated (ha) n ha n ha _ 25 < 15,654 192,939 10,192 121,550 25 a 50 2,600 89,333 2,132 73,923 50 a 100 1,167 80,259 1,149 80,238 >100 893 243,255 1,093 329,849 Total 20,314 605,786 14,566 605,560 8 Area before aggregation Number before aggregation _ < 25 ha 25 to 50 ha 50 to 100 ha > 100 ha Number after aggregation Area after aggregation Figure 5. Percentage variation in the number and area of polygons, by category of size, before and after aggregation. Based on the selection criteria for aggregated polygons over 25 hectares (61.8 acres), 4,374 polygons were selected: 2,132 polygons in the 25-50 hectares category, 1,149 polygons in the 50-100 hectares category and 1,093 polygons in the over 100 hectares category (Table 3). These 4,374 polygons correspond to an area of 484,010 hectares (1,869 square miles), or 80% of the area of all deforested polygons indicated by PRODES during the Moratorium (Table 3). Table 3 shows the number of deforested polygons by category of area monitored in the three states. Most polygons in the Amazon Biome, within the soy-producing municipalities (over 5,000 hectares, or 19 square miles), are in Mato Grosso state: 2,925 polygons representing 67% of the total. Based on the same criteria, Pará state has 29% of the polygons (1,211) and Rondônia has 5% (175). Table 3. Number (n) and area (ha) of polygons, by category of area monitored in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia. Category Mato Grosso Pará Rondônia Subtotal (ha) n (ha) n (ha) n (ha) n (ha) 25 a 50 1,340 46,973 685 23,534 107 3,418 2,132 73,925 50 a 100 767 53,490 339 23,701 43 3,046 1,149 80,237 >100 818 252,909 251 69,927 24 7,012 1,093 329,848 Total 2,925 353,372 1,275 117,162 174 13,476 4,374 484,010 4.2. Selection of polygons with annual crops using satellite images Through an evaluation of the 4,374 deforested polygons monitored by the MODIS sensor satellite images, followed by a visual interpretation using medium spatial resolution images, 265 polygons were selected as having signs of annual crops. These polygons are located outside Settlements, Indigenous Lands and Conservation Units. An additional analysis verified the occurrence of 134 polygons with the presence of annual crops in Settlements (Table 4). It should be noted that no deforested polygon, with annual crop characteristics, was found within Indigenous Lands or Conservation Units. 9 Table 4. Number of polygons selected for aerial survey. States Polygons Total MT PA RO 2,595 1,214 166 3,975 Selected (outside Settlements, Indigenous Lands and Conservation Units) 205 56 4 265 Identified on the edge of Settlements 125 5 4 134 2,925 1,275 174 4,374 Not Selected Total Of the total 4,374 deforested and monitored polygons, 3,975 (91%) had no sign of the presence of annual crops. Of the remainder, 134 polygons (3%) with annual crops were in Settlements (Table 4). 4.3. Identification of soybean through aerial survey Based on the aerial survey done by Geoambiente of the 265 selected polygons, 164 polygons were found to have soybeans, corresponding to an area of 18,410 hectares (71 square miles) (Table 5). This shows that conversion of forest to soybeans, during the Soy Moratorium, corresponds to 0.41% of all the deforestation in the Amazon Biome, or 0.53% of the deforestation in the three monitored states within this Biome, or even 3.04% of the deforestation in the soy-producing municipalities. In Mato Grosso state, 131 polygons were identified as not meeting the terms of the Soy Moratorium. These polygons represent an area of 14,558 hectares (56 square miles) planted with soybeans (Table 5), corresponding to 79.1% of the soybeans detected in this monitoring cycle and 1.8% of the total deforested area in Mato Grosso during the Moratorium (799,260 hectares, or 3,086 square miles) (Table 1). In the state of Pará, 31 polygons were identified as having 2,865 hectares (11 square miles) planted with soybeans (Table 5), corresponding to 15.6% of the soybeans detected in this monitoring cycle but only 0.13% of the deforested area in Pará during the Soy Moratorium (2,219,200 hectares, or 8,568 square miles) (Table 1). Two polygons were identified in Rondônia state with an area of 987 hectares (3.8 square miles) planted with soybeans (Table 5) for a total deforested area of 452,900 hectares (1,749 square miles) (Table 1). It should be pointed out that, of the 265 polygons selected for aerial survey, 118 were in the >100 hectares (247.2 acres) category and 89 of these polygons had soybeans. The area represented by these polygons is 15,586 hectares (60 square miles) (Table 5), corresponding to 84.7% of the total deforested area planted with soybeans. There is a complete list of the monitored polygons in the Appendices (Item VIII). Table 5. Number (n) and area (ha) of polygons with soybeans, by category of polygon, in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia. Category Mato Grosso Pará Rondônia Total (ha) n (ha) n (ha) n (ha) n (ha) 25 a 50 40 1,118 8 227 - - 48 1,345 50 a 100 20 1,158 7 321 - - 27 1,479 >100 71 12,282 16 2,317 2 987 89 15,586 Total 131 14,558 31 2,865 2 987 164 18,410 In this fifth monitoring cycle, soybeans were confirmed in 62% of the polygons selected through satellite images, indicating that the procedure for classifying areas with annual crops by means of satellite images is still conservative. But there has been significant improvement in this procedure as compared to the previous year, when 293 polygons were aerial surveyed, of which 146 polygons (50%) in fact had soybeans. It should be noted that 94% of the polygons monitored by satellite images, and located outside Settlements, Indigenous Lands and Conservation Units, were classified as not having annual crops. Taking into consideration that the number of polygons is cumulative, with a tendency to increase each year, it is important to have a comprehensive and efficient method for selecting polygons. For example, in 2007, the deforested area in the soy-producing states (Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia) was 950,842 hectares (3,671 square miles) (Table 1). With the passage of years, this area in the same states of the Amazon Biome, accumulated through 2011, increased to 3,471,360 hectares (13,403 square miles), i.e., the area to be monitored increased by a factor of 3.6 (Table 1). 10 4.4. Comparison among crop years during the Soy Moratorium Figure 6 shows that, in the first crop year (2006/07), approximately 15,800 hectares (61 square miles) in 265 polygons were monitored, of which 195 had an area greater than 100 hectares (247.2 acres) and 70 were part of a small sample of polygons with less than 100 hectares. No polygon subjected to aerial survey in this first year was identified as having soybeans. In the second crop year (2007/08), the monitored area was 50,000 hectares (193 square miles) in 560 polygons with over 100 hectares, of which ten polygons on 1,025 hectares (4 square miles) in Mato Grosso state had soybeans and two polygons in Pará state with an area of 360 hectares (1 square mile) had soybeans. In the sample of 70 polygons with less than 100 hectares, no polygon was identified as having soybeans. Starting in the third year of the Soy Moratorium (crop year 2009/10), all 2,955 deforested polygons (≥25 hectares, or 61.8 acres, after aggregation) in municipalities with over 5,000 hectares (19 square miles) of soybean were evaluated, allowing a thorough monitoring of the area. In this crop year, 693 deforested polygons with over 100 hectares were monitored, with aerial survey on 61 polygons preselected from satellite images (Figure 6). In the 2010/11 crop year, 3,571 polygons (≥25 hectares) were monitored, of which 858 polygons had over 100 hectares, but only 113 were preselected using satellite images and, consequently, aerial surveyed (Figure 6). Finally, in the 2011/12 crop year, 4,374 polygons (≥25 hectares) were monitored, of which 1,093 had over 100 hectares. Aerial survey was performed on 122 polygons over 100 hectares that had annual crops (Figure 6). Thus, despite the large increase in the total number of polygons monitored in each crop year, the number of polygons with annual crops selected for aerial survey has decreased from crop year 2010/11 to 2011/12 as a result of the preselection process using satellite images. When comparing the first two crop years with the last three crop years for the category with over 100 hectares (247.2 acres), there was an increase in the number of polygons that were aerial surveyed (Figure 6). In the first two years all deforested polygons over 100 hectares were aerial surveyed; while in the last three years only the deforested polygons identified with annual crops were aerial surveyed. In the first two years, aerial surveys were made only for a sample of 70 polygons with deforested area less than 100 hectares within a very restricted region, in three municipalities: 28 polygons in Feliz Natal, 26 in União do Sul and 16 in Vera. For deforested polygons with an area between 25 hectares (61.8 acres) and 100 hectares, 2,262 polygons were monitored in the 2009/10 crop year, of which 133 were selected for aerial surveys as the satellite images showed signs of annual crops. In the following crop year (2010/11), for the same size polygon, 180 of the total 2,713 polygons were aerial surveyed and, finally, in the 2011/12 crop year, 143 of the total 3,281 polygons were aerial surveyed. When comparing the data for this fifth year of the Soy Moratorium (2011/12 crop year) with those of the previous year, the number of monitored polygons increased 22%, from 3,571 to 4,374 polygons (Table 6). The area monitored in the same period increased 29%, from 375,500 hectares 4,500 (1,450 square miles) to 484,010 hectares , (1,869 square miles) (Table 6). This 4,000 increase in monitored area is similar to the increases in the two previous years (Table , 3,500 6, Figure 6). This is a consequence of both new deforestation and of deforestation in , 3,000 prior years that has been aggregated. Since the third year of the Soy Moratorium (crop , 2,500 year 2009/10), when all deforested polygons ≥25 hectares began to be monitored, the 2,000 number of polygons increased from 2,955 to 4,374 and the area monitored increased , , 1,500 from 302,149 hectares (1,167 square miles) to 484,010 hectares (Table 6). 1,000 Figure 6. Number of polygons with 500 aerial survey, without aerial survey and monitored deforested area (in 1,000 hectares), for the last five crop years. 11 A comparison of the 2011/12 crop year with the previous crop year shows that the number of polygons with aerial survey was 10% lower, despite the fact that the total number of PRODES polygons had increased 22% (Table 6). Nevertheless, the number of polygons with soybeans increased 12%, while soybean acreage increased 57% during the same period. An important factor associated with this increase is the longer time elapsed since the start of the Soy Moratorium as, in the first years after deforestation, rice crops commonly precede soybeans, which are usually planted from the third year on6. Comparing the results for the current year’s number of polygons and soybean acreage with those of the previous crop year, there has been a large increase in polygons with over 100 hectares (247.2 acres), mostly in the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia (Table 7). In Mato Grosso, there was an increase of 31 polygons in this category, an increase of 73%. In the same way, soybean acreage in these polygons increased from 5,896 hectares (23 square miles) to 12,282 hectares (47 square miles), an increase of 6,386 hectares (25 square miles), more than doubling the area with soy production in this category. Looking at the same data for the state of Pará, there has been a fall of 31% in soybean acreage, going from 4,147 hectares (16 square miles) in 2010/11 to 2,865 hectares (11 square miles) in 2011/12. Based on these results, 95% of the increase in soybean acreage was due to polygons with over 100 hectares in Mato Grosso state. In addition, soy grown in polygons with over 100 hectares corresponds to 85% of this crop that does not meet the terms of the Soy Moratorium (15,586 hectares, or 60 square miles) (Table 6). Table 6. Comparison of crop years 3-5 of the Soy Moratorium: total deforested area (hectares); number of polygons analyzed; area with soybeans in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia in the Amazon Biome. Monitoring Cycle 3º Year 4º Year 5º Year 302,149 375,500 +24% 484,010 +29% 2.955 3,571 +20% 4,374 +22% Number of polygons with aerial surveys Variation related to the previous crop year 194 293 +51% 265 -10% Number of polygons with soybeans Variation related to the previous crop year 76 146 +92% 164 +12% Soybean acreage (hectares), category >100 hectares Variation related to the previous crop year 4,899 8,346 +70% 15,586 +87% Soybean acreage (hectares) Variation related to the previous crop year 6,295 11,698 +85% 18,410 +57% Total deforested area in hectares, with ≥25 hectares Variation related to the previous crop year Number of polygons monitored by satellite images Variation related to the previous crop year Table 7. Comparison of the number of polygons with soybeans and soybean acreage (hectares) by category of polygons, in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia, in crop years 2010/11 and 2011/12. State MT Number of Polygons PA RO MT Area (hectares) PA RO 6- Sorrensen, 2004; Morton et al., 2006. Crop Year 25 - 50 ha 50 - 100 ha >100 ha Total 2010/11 2011/12 2010/11 2011/12 2010/11 2011/12 2010/11 2011/12 2010/11 2011/12 2010/11 2011/12 40 40 17 8 1 0 1,149 1,118 418 227 29 0 23 20 10 7 0 0 1,340 1,158 445 321 0 0 42 71 13 16 0 2 5,896 12,282 3,284 2,317 0 987 105 131 40 31 1 2 8,385 14,558 4,147 2,865 29 987 12 4.5. Likely causes for the increase of soy plantations in deforested polygons Compared to last year’s figures, there has been an increase this year of about 12% in the number of polygons planted with soybeans, from 146 polygons to 164 polygons, while the planted area has increased from 11,698 hectares (45 square miles) to 18,410 hectares (71 square miles), an increase in the order of 57% (Table 6). This increase can be attributed to the following factors: a) Increase in the monitored area, from 375,500 hectares (1,450 square miles) in 2010/11 to 484,010 hectares (1,869 square miles) in 2011/12; b) Favorable market scenario; c) More time elapsed since deforestation, as it is the usual practice to grow rice for a year or two before planting soybeans in recently deforested areas. Year of Deforestation Item (c) above is represented by the result of the intersection between the area identified with soybeans and the PRODES date for the deforestation, shown in Figure 7. As can be seen, 39% (7,166 hectares, or 28 square miles) of the area with soy production was mapped by PRODES as having been deforested in 2007, while 2% (395 hectares, or 1.5 square miles) was in areas deforested in 2011. Of the 18,410 hectares (71 square miles) of soybeans planted in this year, 83% (15,320 hectares, or 59 square miles) have been planted on deforestations with three years or more: 7,166 hectares (28 square miles) deforested in 2007; 5,145 hectares (20 square miles) in 2008; and 3,009 hectares (12 square miles) in 2009, as shown in Figure 7. 395 2,695 3,009 5,145 7,166 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 Soy Acreage (hectares) Figure 7. Area planted with soybeans by year of deforestation. 4.6. Relevance of soy plantings in recent Amazon Biome deforestation The Brazilian soybean production of crop year 2011/12, despite adverse climatic conditions, was 66.4 million tons. Soy acreage increased about 3.5%, but soy yield was 14.9% lower than the previous crop year. The effects of the drought were felt mostly by producers in the South-Central region of Brazil, while the states monitored under the terms of the Soy Moratorium had smaller yield losses than other states (CONAB, 2012). The results obtained in this fifth monitoring cycle show that, during the Soy Moratorium, soy planting occurred in only 0.41% of the total deforested area. This is 0.07% of the total area planted with soybeans in Brazil for the crop year 2011/12. In view of the results presented, there are strong indications that the Soy Moratorium has inhibited the advance of deforestation for the purpose of planting soybeans in the Amazon Biome during the past five years. In the 2011/12 crop year, soybeans planted in deforested polygons during the Soy Moratorium represent 0.87% of the total soybean acreage in the Amazon Biome (Table 8). In the state of Mato Grosso, responsible for 88% of the Amazon Biome’s soybean acreage, soybeans planted in deforested polygons during the Soy Moratorium represent 0.78% of the total soybean acreage in the Amazon Biome (Table 8). Mato Grosso state is responsible for 79% of the soybean acreage that does not comply with the terms of the Soy Moratorium. 13 Table 8. Comparison of soybean acreage in the Soy Moratorium polygons and the estimated total soybean acreage within the Amazon Biome, in the selected municipalities (>5,000 hectares), by state. State Soybean acreage in the Amazon Biome (ha) Polygons of the Moratorium Estimated Total % of the Total Mato Grosso 14,558 1,851,859 0.78% Pará 2,865 116,600 2.45% 987 143,300 0.68% 18,410 2,111,759 0.87% Rondônia Total Figure 8 shows a graph of the Amazon Biome’s deforested area, the deforested area in the monitored municipalities and the soybean acreage during the Soy Moratorium. This Figure shows that the monitored municipalities were responsible for 13.4% of the deforestation in the Amazon Biome, with 3.04% of this area converted to soybeans in the 2011/12 crop year. 4,515 Area (in 1,000 hectares) 5,000 3,896 4,000 3,196 2,438 3,000 2,000 1,151 1,000 0.00 1.39 6.30 11.70 18.41 PRODES deforestation in the Amazon Biome, accumulated after 2007 PRODES deforestation in monitored municipalities of the Amazon Biome, accumulated after 2007 Soybean acreage in the monitored polygons Figure 8. Comparison of the deforested area accumulated after 2007 and the soybean acreage in the context of the Soy Moratorium. 14 v CONCLUSIONS With the satellite images and the panoramic aerial photographs recorded during the aerial survey, it was possible to map 18,410 hectares (71 square miles) of soybean planted in the 2011/12 crop year, in deforested areas after the Soy Moratorium was signed on July 24, 2006. The state of Mato Grosso had the biggest participation in soy plantings (14,558 hectares, or 56 square miles), followed by Pará state (2,865 hectares, or 11 square miles) and Rondônia state (987 hectares, or 3.8 square miles). Compared with the previous year, soybean acreage in Mato Grosso state increased from 8,385 hectares (32 square miles) to 14,558 hectares (56 square miles), an increase of 74%, while in the state of Pará soy acreage fell from 4,147 hectares (16 square miles) to 2,865 hectares (11 square miles), a reduction of 31%. The 18,410 hectares that are not in agreement with the Soy Moratorium correspond to 0.53% of the deforestation in the states of Mato Grosso (Amazon Biome), Pará and Rondônia. Total deforestation within that area, in the five-year period 2007-2011, was 3.47 million (13,398 square miles). Based on the Soy Moratorium study, we can conclude that soybeans are not playing an important role in the deforestation of the Amazon as they represent only 3.04% of the deforestation in the soyproducing municipalities and 0.41% of the deforested area in the Amazon Biome as a whole. The area deforested during the five-year period 2007-2011, in the states of Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia, is significant. However, in this period, we have also seen the lowest deforestation rates in the Legal Amazon in an historic series of 24 years (INPE, 2012). The use of satellite images to monitor deforested areas, with a view to identifying agricultural crops, makes it possible to evaluate practically all the area of influence for soybean crops in the Amazon Biome. We can therefore conclude that the monitoring done under the terms of the Soy Moratorium ensures high reliability in the identification and the mapping of soybean plantings in deforested areas. In synthesis, the process of carefully analyzing satellite images, followed by aerial surveys with photographic records and identification during field visits to the rural property, makes it possible for the industries and exporters who participate in the Soy Moratorium to comply with their commitment not to acquire soybeans from deforested areas of the Amazon Biome. Bernardo Rudorff Technical Coordinator INPE Carlo Lovatelli President ABIOVE Izabel Cecarelli Director Geoambiente 15 vi BIBLIOGRAPHY - CONAB - Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento. Acompanhamento de safra brasileira de grãos – 9º levantamento. Brasilia, 2012. pg. 34. - Huete, A., C. Justice and W. Van Leeuwen. MODIS Vegetation Index (MOD 13): Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (version 3): National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2006: 129 p. 1999. - INPE - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. MONITORAMENTO DA FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA BRASILEIRA POR SATÉLITE - Estimativas Anuais de desflorestamento desde 1988 até 2011. Available at: http://www.obt.inpe.br/ prodes/prodes_1988_2011.htm, (accessed on 10 June 2012). - Justice, C. and J. Townshend. Special issue on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS): a new generation of land surface monitoring. Remote Sensing of Environment, v.83, n.1-2, p.1-2, 2002. - Justice, C. O., E. Vermote, J. R. G. Townshend, R. Defries, D. P. Roy, D. K. Hall, V. V. Salomonson, J. L. Privette, G. Riggs, A. Strahler, W. Lucht, R. B. Myneni, Y. Knyazikhin, S. W. Running, R. R. Nemani, W. Zhengming, A. R. Huete, W. Van Leeuwen, R. E. Wolfe, L. Giglio, J. Muller, P. Lewis and M. J. Barnsley. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): land remote sensing for global change research. Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on, v.36, n.4, p.1228-1249, 1998. - Lovatelli, C. Cinco anos da Moratória da Soja e sustentabilidade do Bioma Amazônia. Política Externa, 20, p.125-137, 2011. - Morton, D. C., R. S. Defries, Y. E. Shimabukuro, L. O. Anderson, E. Arai, F. D. Espirito-Santo, R. Freitas and J. Morisette. Cropland expansion changes deforestation dynamics in the southern Brazilian Amazon. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v.103, n.39, p.14637-14641, 2006. - Rudorff, B.F.T.; Shimabukuro, Y.E.; Ceballos, J.C. (Coord.). Sensor MODIS e suas Aplicações Ambientais no Brasil. 1.ed. São José dos Campos: Editora Parêntese, 2007. 425 p. - Rudorff, B.F.T., Adami, M., Aguiar, D.A., Moreira, M.A., Mello, M.P., Fabiani, L., Amaral, D.F., Pires, B.M. The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome Monitored by Remote Sensing Images. Remote Sensing, v.3, p.185-202, 2011. - Rudorff, B.F.T.; Adami, M.; Risso, J.; de Aguiar, D.A.; Pires, B.; Amaral, D.; Fabiani, L.; Cecarelli, I. Remote Sensing Images to Detect Soy Plantations in the Amazon Biome - The Soy Moratorium Initiative. Sustainability, v.4, p.1074-1088, 2012. - Rizzi, R., Risso, J., Epiphanio, R.D.V., Rudorff, B.F.T., Formaggio, A.R., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Fernandes, S.L. Estimativa da área de soja no Mato Grosso por meio de imagens MODIS. XIV Simpósio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto. Anais... INPE, Natal, pp. 387-394, 2009. - Shimabukuro, Y. E., G. T. Batista, E. M. K. Mello, J. C. Moreira and V. Duarte. Using shade fraction image segmentation to evaluate deforestation in Landsat Thematic Mapper images of the Amazon Region. International Journal of Remote Sensing, v.19, n.3, p.535 – 541, 1998. - Sorrensen, C. Contributions of fire use study to land use/cover change frameworks: Understanding landscape change in agricultural frontiers. Human Ecology, v.32, n.4, p.395-420, 2004. VII TECHNICAL TEAM 7.1. INPE - Technical Coordinator: Bernardo Rudorff - Analysts: Marcos Adami e Joel Risso - Staff: Fernando Yuzo Sato, Moisés Pereira Galvão Salgado and Magog Araújo de Carvalho 7.2. GEOAMBIENTE - General Coordinator: Izabel Cecarelli - Technical Coordinator: Leandro Fabiani 7.3. ABIOVE - General Coordinator: Fábio Trigueirinho - Technical Coordinator: Bernardo Machado Pires - Technical Team: Alice Hernandes Motta, Daniel Furlan Amaral and Gabriel Levy 16 For additional information on the Soy Moratorium consult the site: www.abiove.com.br 1476 Area of Polygon (ha) 97.56 1181 36.32 MT Canarana Regeneration 1199 154.84 MT Canarana Soy ID State Municipality Land Use MT Bom Jesus do Araguaia Rice/Deforestation Land Use: Soy Area of Polygon: 154.84 ha Soy area: 154.84 ha Aerial survey date: 2012, January 17 VIII APPENDICES 8.1. Polygons aerial suveyed in the state of Mato Grosso (MT) 1476 Area of Polygon (ha) 97.56 1181 36.32 MT Canarana Regeneration 1199 154.84 MT Canarana Soy 1216 38.81 MT Canarana Soy 342 106.86 MT Cláudia Rice 349 94.02 MT Cláudia Rice/Regeneration/Deforestation 1820 123.68 MT Cláudia Soy 2101 178.34 MT Cláudia Deforestation/Rice/Soy 2369 580.32 MT Cláudia Deforestation 2436 337.89 MT Cláudia Deforestation/Soy/Rice 2537 41.73 MT Cláudia Soy/Rice/Deforestation 2587 89.27 MT Cláudia Pastures/Soy 2606 85.58 MT Cláudia Soy/Regeneration 2625 82.66 MT Cláudia Rice 2769 35.28 MT Cláudia Soy 1135 83.88 MT Comodoro Soy 1434 37.01 MT Comodoro Soy 68 268.93 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation/Soy/Regeneration 96 29.03 MT Feliz Natal Soy 286 201.64 MT Feliz Natal Soy/Deforestation 4493 26.08 MT Feliz Natal Regeneration/Soy 1322 578.96 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation/Soy/Pastures 1348 226.58 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation/Pastures 1371 175.00 MT Feliz Natal Regeneration 1374 424.03 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation/Regeneration 1388 968.62 MT Feliz Natal Rice/Deforestation 1389 536.99 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation/Pastures/Soy 1426 197.16 MT Feliz Natal Regeneration/Soy 1439 348.78 MT Feliz Natal Regeneration/Soy 1471 73.43 MT Feliz Natal Pastures/Reforestation 1473 193.30 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation/Soy 1483 29.90 MT Feliz Natal Soy 1485 46.65 MT Feliz Natal Pastures/Regeneration 1493 41.40 MT Feliz Natal Regeneration/Soy 1510 220.71 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation 1519 185.45 MT Feliz Natal Rice/Soy/Deforestation 1567 53.08 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation/Regeneration 1585 262.24 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation 1615 297.96 MT Feliz Natal Soy 1641 53.77 MT Feliz Natal Rice/Soy/Deforestation ID State Municipality Land Use MT Bom Jesus do Araguaia Rice/Deforestation 18 1665 Area of Polygon (ha) 620.74 1677 165.35 MT Feliz Natal Soy 1679 30.33 MT Feliz Natal Soy 1684 29.57 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation/Pastures 1693 539.30 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation/Soy/Rice 1726 54.06 MT Feliz Natal Rice/Soy/Regeneration 1755 42.84 MT Feliz Natal Soy 1762 543.09 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation/Rice/Soy 1794 173.30 MT Feliz Natal Rice/Soy 1850 1,100.87 MT Feliz Natal Deforestation/Soy/Regeneration 1883 105.46 MT Feliz Natal Soy 1901 159.03 MT Feliz Natal Soy 2038 26.88 MT Feliz Natal Soy 2059 45.66 MT Feliz Natal Soy/Deforestation 2080 58.57 MT Feliz Natal Soy/Regeneration 2122 412.77 MT Feliz Natal Soy/Pastures 23 265.60 MT Gaúcha do Norte Deforestation/Soy 34 29.62 MT Gaúcha do Norte Regeneration 36 93.14 MT Gaúcha do Norte Soy/Regeneration 37 440.93 MT Gaúcha do Norte Deforestation/Rice/Soy 1023 29.46 MT Gaúcha do Norte Reforestation 1024 255.46 MT Gaúcha do Norte Soy 775 58.51 MT Gaúcha do Norte Corn 792 481.97 MT Gaúcha do Norte Soy/Rice 812 29.94 MT Gaúcha do Norte Soy/Pastures 824 87.55 MT Gaúcha do Norte Soy 4494 74.07 MT Gaúcha do Norte Deforestation 900 330.06 MT Gaúcha do Norte Deforestation/Soy 931 34.70 MT Gaúcha do Norte Pastures 955 28.27 MT Gaúcha do Norte Soy/Regeneration/Rice 963 82.75 MT Gaúcha do Norte Soy 968 138.57 MT Gaúcha do Norte Soy 971 46.08 MT Gaúcha do Norte Soy/Reforestation 978 26.98 MT Gaúcha do Norte Soy 981 127.02 MT Gaúcha do Norte Regeneration/Soy 992 69.10 MT Gaúcha do Norte Deforestation/Soy/Regeneration 1189 1,004.44 MT Gaúcha do Norte Rice/Soy/Deforestation 1612 492.93 MT Ipiranga do Norte Deforestation/Soy 2227 169.00 MT Ipiranga do Norte Deforestation/Rice 2247 93.36 MT Ipiranga do Norte Deforestation 2356 1,305.78 MT Ipiranga do Norte Deforestation/Soy ID State Municipality Land Use MT Feliz Natal Rice/Soy/Deforestation 19 2829 Area of Polygon (ha) 30.92 304 95.06 MT Itanhangá Soy 1689 2,482.34 MT Itanhangá Deforestation/Pastures 1811 186.20 MT Itanhangá Rice 1854 37.96 MT Itanhangá Soy 2016 48.45 MT Itanhangá Corn 2125 113.55 MT Itanhangá Deforestation/Soy 273 70.67 MT Lucas do Rio Verde Deforestation/Soy/Pastures 1001 30.71 MT Lucas do Rio Verde Soy/Pastures/Regeneration 1004 126.88 MT Lucas do Rio Verde Deforestation 2900 30.85 MT Marcelândia Pastures 3329 25.55 MT Matupá Soy 3333 26.44 MT Matupá Deforestation/Soy 3117 93.60 MT Nova Canaã do Norte Deforestation 989 126.81 MT Nova Maringá Soy 1206 28.46 MT Nova Maringá Soy 1222 112.63 MT Nova Maringá Deforestation/Soy/Corn 1840 423.86 MT Nova Maringá Deforestation/Soy 1851 132.76 MT Nova Maringá Soy 2112 105.43 MT Nova Maringá Soy 2121 41.85 MT Nova Maringá Soy 878 40.82 MT Nova Mutum Deforestation/Soy 882 44.38 MT Nova Mutum Pastures 911 27.83 MT Nova Mutum Soy 48 222.37 MT Nova Ubiratã Rice/Soy 57 45.23 MT Nova Ubiratã Soy/Regeneration 70 1,456.57 MT Nova Ubiratã Rice/Soy/Deforestation 901 123.86 MT Nova Ubiratã Soy 953 635.26 MT Nova Ubiratã Soy/Deforestation 1003 34.13 MT Nova Ubiratã Soy 1062 201.28 MT Nova Ubiratã Rice/Regeneration/Soy 1088 64.06 MT Nova Ubiratã Pastures/Deforestation 1118 204.37 MT Nova Ubiratã Pastures 1241 283.87 MT Nova Ubiratã Deforestation/Soy 1276 231.41 MT Nova Ubiratã Soy 1291 142.31 MT Nova Ubiratã Soy 1339 1,104.70 MT Nova Ubiratã Deforestation/Soy 1351 26.53 MT Nova Ubiratã Soy 1480 53.87 MT Nova Ubiratã Soy 1550 714.52 MT Nova Ubiratã Soy/Deforestation 778 37.59 MT Paranatinga Soy/Deforestation ID State Municipality Land Use MT Itaúba Pastures/Soy 20 790 Area of Polygon (ha) 28.22 821 34.93 MT Paranatinga Regeneration 967 248.54 MT Paranatinga Rice/Soy 970 334.98 MT Paranatinga Deforestation/Rice 1097 1,173.32 MT Paranatinga Deforestation/Rice 332 122.17 MT Porto dos Gaúchos Soy/Regeneration 2157 99.16 MT Porto dos Gaúchos Soy 95 40.68 MT Querência Soy 1065 35.65 MT Querência Deforestation 1110 861.12 MT Querência Corn/Pastures/Soy 271 271.15 MT Querência Rice/Corn 1201 76.10 MT Querência Deforestation/Pastures 1224 39.13 MT Querência Pastures 1262 243.68 MT Querência Soy/Deforestation 1282 79.90 MT Querência Soy 1302 119.18 MT Querência Soy 1634 127.94 MT Querência Deforestation 1812 315.42 MT Querência Soy 318 55.47 MT Santa Carmem Soy 1649 325.76 MT Santa Carmem Deforestation/Regeneration 1650 578.81 MT Santa Carmem Regeneration/Soy 1653 254.36 MT Santa Carmem Soy/Deforestation/Regeneration 1690 439.08 MT Santa Carmem Soy 1744 29.00 MT Santa Carmem Soy/Deforestation 2126 71.50 MT Santa Carmem Deforestation/Pastures/Soy 2139 33.36 MT Santa Carmem Soy 2155 41.82 MT Santa Carmem Soy 2156 57.02 MT Santa Carmem Soy 2165 175.73 MT Santa Carmem Soy/Rice/Deforestation 2214 46.99 MT Santa Carmem Soy/Regeneration 2215 67.95 MT Santa Carmem Rice/Soy 2228 354.73 MT Santa Carmem Soy 2230 51.67 MT Santa Carmem Soy/Pastures 2240 758.29 MT Santa Carmem Soy 2249 170.84 MT Santa Carmem Rice 2276 32.97 MT Santa Carmem Rice 2285 31.01 MT Santa Carmem Pastures 2333 208.30 MT Santa Carmem Rice 2354 336.24 MT Santa Carmem Deforestation/Rice 323 26.81 MT Sinop Corn/Soy 1885 1,260.04 MT Sinop Deforestation/Soy ID State Municipality Land Use MT Paranatinga Pastures 21 2368 Area of Polygon (ha) 40.03 2375 129.41 MT Sinop Soy 2425 26.48 MT Sinop Soy 2454 133.60 MT Sinop Soy 2458 123.43 MT Sinop Pastures/Soy 2461 52.86 MT Sinop Pastures 2473 58.36 MT Sinop Soy/Pastures 2519 25.84 MT São Félix do Araguaia Soy 2535 736.61 MT São Félix do Araguaia Soy/Deforestation 2747 605.65 MT São Félix do Araguaia Deforestation/Regeneration 2770 457.27 MT São Félix do Araguaia Deforestation 1049 50.53 MT São José do Rio Claro Soy 2206 135.40 MT Sorriso Soy 338 25.80 MT Tabaporã Pastures/Regeneration 352 562.37 MT Tabaporã Pastures/Soy 2550 32.81 MT Tabaporã Soy 2695 34.21 MT Tabaporã Soy 1887 727.98 MT Tabaporã Corn/Soy/Rice 1274 28.49 MT Tapurah Pastures 1283 51.70 MT Tapurah Pastures/Deforestation 1361 120.33 MT Tapurah Soy/Deforestation 1393 42.77 MT Tapurah Soy 1525 118.89 MT Tapurah Pastures/Soy/Regeneration 1572 33.01 MT Tapurah Deforestation 1773 285.90 MT Tapurah Rice 294 637.01 MT União do Sul Soy/Pastures 2288 77.12 MT União do Sul Rice 2305 57.86 MT União do Sul Rice 2323 35.44 MT União do Sul Soy 2376 47.99 MT União do Sul Soy 2434 30.66 MT União do Sul Deforestation/Pastures 2467 142.73 MT União do Sul Soy/Pastures/Deforestation 2475 111.66 MT União do Sul Soy 1328 27.66 MT Vera Soy 1342 25.72 MT Vera Soy 1581 172.57 MT Vera Deforestation/Rice/Soy 1732 74.42 MT Vera Deforestation/Rice 1752 84.77 MT Vera Soy/Pastures 1897 144.44 MT Vera Rice/Soy 2063 34.83 MT Vera Soy 584 26.48 MT Vila Bela da St. Trindade Soy 586 25.60 MT Vila Bela da St. Trindade Soy ID State Municipality Land Use MT Sinop Soy/Regeneration 22 8.2. Polygons aerial suveyed in the state of Pará (PA) 3255 Area of Polygon (ha) 43.82 434 39.07 PA Belterra Deforestation/Soy 4413 29.79 PA Belterra Regeneration/Deforestation/Soy 415 29.23 PA Belterra Rice 416 32.07 PA Belterra Deforestation 4263 77.69 PA Belterra Soy/Deforestation 4266 64.45 PA Belterra Rice/Soy/Deforestation 4272 47.83 PA Belterra Soy/Deforestation 4282 82.92 PA Belterra Rice 2007 188.49 PA Dom Eliseu Deforestation 2010 94.24 PA Dom Eliseu Soy/Corn/Deforestation 2736 134.68 PA Dom Eliseu Rice/Deforestation 139 55.73 PA Dom Eliseu Soy/Deforestation 226 112.53 PA Dom Eliseu Pastures/Soy/Corn 1951 416.50 PA Dom Eliseu Soy/Corn/Deforestation 1952 274.54 PA Dom Eliseu Soy/Corn/Deforestation 1953 527.90 PA Dom Eliseu Soy/Deforestation 1965 225.96 PA Dom Eliseu Pastures/Regeneration/Corn 1966 303.58 PA Dom Eliseu Corn/Soy/Deforestation 1967 41.46 PA Dom Eliseu Soy 2012 290.05 PA Dom Eliseu Deforestation/Soy/Corn 2735 456.20 PA Dom Eliseu Deforestation/Corn 3925 32.15 PA Dom Eliseu Soy 3929 39.61 PA Dom Eliseu Corn 3935 63.64 PA Dom Eliseu Reforestation/Deforestation 3936 150.26 PA Dom Eliseu Soy/Regeneration 3938 27.57 PA Dom Eliseu Soy 3941 286.33 PA Dom Eliseu Deforestation/Soy 3948 78.73 PA Dom Eliseu Reforestation 3962 25.85 PA Dom Eliseu Pastures/Corn 3978 162.44 PA Dom Eliseu Soy/Deforestation 3980 83.50 PA Dom Eliseu Deforestation/Soy 3981 45.51 PA Dom Eliseu Soy/Deforestation 3992 442.73 PA Dom Eliseu Corn/Soy/Deforestation 4001 109.73 PA Dom Eliseu Soy/Deforestation 4009 58.72 PA Dom Eliseu Soy 4037 25.74 PA Dom Eliseu Regeneration/Corn 4213 60.05 PA Paragominas Deforestation 4214 73.28 PA Paragominas Deforestation 4293 162.14 PA Paragominas Rice 4255 41.71 PA Paragominas Deforestation/Corn ID State Municipality Land Use PA Belterra Deforestation/Regeneration 23 3034 Area of Polygon (ha) 60.75 3073 137.25 PA Paragominas Deforestation/Pastures 3160 64.48 PA Paragominas Regeneration/Corn 3171 430.72 PA Paragominas Corn/Regeneration 4186 62.01 PA Paragominas Corn 4187 343.39 PA Paragominas Soy 4248 106.87 PA Paragominas Corn 4252 117.76 PA Paragominas Corn/Soy 4398 174.36 PA Paragominas Corn/Regeneration 4353 114.38 PA Santarém Rice/Deforestation 4436 30.82 PA Santarém Soy 4067 42.05 PA Ulianópolis Regeneration 395 143.74 PA Ulianópolis Rice/Deforestation 2759 232.56 PA Ulianópolis Deforestation/Regeneration 2862 307.78 PA Ulianópolis Deforestation/Soy 2896 420.81 PA Ulianópolis Corn/Soy/Deforestation 4102 101.45 PA Ulianópolis Corn 4163 84.87 PA Ulianópolis Soy 4170 77.47 PA Ulianópolis Corn/Deforestation 4175 25.09 PA Ulianópolis Corn 4176 45.73 PA Ulianópolis Corn 4178 286.82 PA Ulianópolis Rice/Deforestation 4179 64.96 PA Ulianópolis Corn/Deforestation/Rice 4180 163.00 PA Ulianópolis Pastures/Deforestation/Soy ID State Municipality Land Use PA Paragominas Corn 8.3. Polygons aerial suveyed in the state of Rondônia (RO) 888 Area of Polygon (ha) 390.26 1103 633.34 RO Pimenteiras do Oeste Soy/Deforestation 998 46,59 RO Vilhena Rice/Deforestation 1010 39,27 RO Vilhena Rice/Deforestation ID State Municipality Land Use RO Pimenteiras do Oeste Soy/Deforestation GTS SOY TASK FORCE
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