A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of
Records of Southern Plantations from
Emancipation to the Great Migration
Series A: Selections from the Rare Book, Manuscript,
and Special Collections Library, Duke University
Part 1: Alabama and South Carolina Plantations
University Publications of America
Cover photo: Cotton market in Dalton, Georgia. Courtesy of Duke University Rare Book, Manuscript, and
Special Collections Library, Durham, North Carolina.
A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of
Records of Southern Plantations from
Emancipation to the Great Migration
General Editor: Ira Berlin
Series A
Selections from the Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special
Collections Library, Duke University
Part 1: Alabama and South Carolina Plantations
Associate Editor
Martin Schipper
Guide compiled by
Daniel Lewis
A microfilm project of
UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA
An Imprint of LexisNexis Academic & Library Solutions
4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389
i
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Records of southern plantations from emancipation to the great migration. Series A,
Selections from the Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke
University / general editor, Ira Berlin.
microfilm reels.
Accompanied by a printed guide, compiled by Daniel Lewis, entitled: A guide to
the microfilm edition of Records of southern plantations from emancipation to the
great migration.
Contents: pt. 1. Alabama and South Carolina plantations
ISBN 1-55655-835-X
1. Southern States—History—19th century—Sources. 2. Plantations—Southern
States—Records and correspondence. 3. Plantation life—Southern States—Sources.
4. African-Americans—Southern States—Social conditions—19th century—Sources.
I. Berlin, Ira, 1941– II. Lewis, Daniel, 1972– III. Duke University. Rare Book,
Manuscript, and Special Collections Library.
F215
975'.041—dc21
Copyright © 2001 by University Publications of America.
All rights reserved.
ISBN 1-55655-835-X.
2001017885
CIP
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction .................................................................................................................
v
Scope and Content Note ............................................................................................
xi
Note on Sources ......................................................................................................... xiii
Editorial Note .............................................................................................................. xiii
Reel Index
Reel 1
Samuel O. Wood Papers and Account Books, 1847–1899 [1861–1899],
Marengo County, Alabama ................................................................................
Henry Watson Jr. Papers, 1765–1938 [1861–1938], Greensboro, Alabama,
[and Massachusetts] .........................................................................................
Reels 2–3
Henry Watson Jr. Papers cont. ............................................................................
Reel 4
Henry Watson Jr. Papers cont. ............................................................................
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers, 1811–1925 [1861–1882], Huntsville, Madison
County, Alabama ...............................................................................................
Reels 5–13
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont....................................................................
1
2
3
5
6
7
Reel 14
Louis Manigault Papers, 1776–1883 [1861–1883], Charleston, South Carolina,
[and Savannah River Islands, Georgia] ............................................................ 13
Reel 15
Louis Manigault Papers cont. ................................................................................ 15
James Burchell Richardson Papers, 1803–1910 [1861–1910], Sumter District,
South Carolina................................................................................................... 15
Reels 16–18
James Burchell Richardson Papers cont. ............................................................ 16
Reel 19
James Burchell Richardson Papers cont. ............................................................ 18
Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers, 1807–1958 [1834–1918], Yadkin County, North
Carolina ............................................................................................................. 19
iii
Reels 20–22
Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers cont...................................................................... 20
Reel 23
McDonald Furman Papers, 1827–1903 [1827–1873], Sumter District, South
Carolina ............................................................................................................. 22
Sanders Family Papers, 1806–1929 [1850–1920], Walterboro, Colleton District,
South Carolina................................................................................................... 23
Subject Index ............................................................................................................... 25
iv
INTRODUCTION
No institution was more central to the transformation of southern society between the
end of the Civil War and the beginning of the Great Migration than the plantation. Since the
seventeenth century, the plantation with its powerful “masters” and their retinue of
enslaved black laborers had been the productive center of southern society, as well as its
primary social and political institution. Planters controlled the politics of the South, shaped
its society, and dominated its culture. It is no exaggeration to say that the antebellum South
cannot be understood without a firm grasp of the meaning of the plantation, as most white
southerners aspired to the planter class and most black southerners wanted nothing more
than to escape its long shadow.
The Civil War destroyed the plantation as southerners had known it. The war itself left
many estates in ruins, their tools and implements wrecked, animals decimated, fields in
ruins, and buildings devastated. The emancipation of some four million slaves that
accompanied the war stripped planters of their labor force, their wealth, and their political
authority, giving former slaves proprietorship of their own persons and, with that, aspirations for economic independence and political power. At war’s end, the old order was no
more, and no one knew what would replace it. It soon became evident, however, that the
plantation would not disappear. Instead, it would be reformulated, as would the lives of
those men and women associated with the great estates. For this reason, any understanding of the postwar world must be accompanied by a close reading of the records of southern
plantations.
Postbellum plantation records trace the torturous process of resurrecting agricultural
productivity and restoring social stability to the American South. The outline of the story is
well known—although scholars continue to debate its meaning by discovering new facts
and reinterpreting old ones. The destruction of chattel bondage set in motion a contest of
expectations, as former slaves and former slaveholders—joined by white and black
nonslaveholders and northern soldiers, missionaries, and would-be planters and politicians—struggled to create a new regime that spoke to their diverse and often opposing
aspirations. The freedpeople’s desire for economic independence, social autonomy, and
political power was initially met by a steely opposition from former masters and other white
southerners that ranged from determined attempts to reinstate the old regime to sullen
acquiescence. In the half century that followed, the aspirations of black people remained
unaltered, although the changes in the political terrain forced them to modify the tactics and
strategies they hoped would achieve them. Meanwhile, some former slave masters lost
control of their land to upstart merchants, fell from prominence, or transferred their capital
to newer industrial enterprises. Some of the men who took control of plantations were
drawn from the ranks of white nonslaveholders. Yet other members of the nonslaveholding,
white yeomanry dropped into the ranks of propertyless laborers and, like former slaves,
took their place in the cotton—and, less often, sugar, rice, and tobacco—fields. In time,
many of these yeomen abandoned the countryside entirely and found work in towns, mill
villages, forests, and mines. As the struggle ebbed and flowed, a new regime took shape
v
in the postbellum South, unleashing some of the most important developments in American
history:
• The vesting of former African American bondsmen with political rights;
• The creation of a variety of African American institutions, most prominently the AfroChristian church;
• The emergence of a cadre of African American leaders and the elevation of some to
elected office in the former slave states;
• Efforts by former slaveholders to reenslave freedpeople;
• Experimentation with various forms of land tenure and contract agricultural labor
relations;
• The massive intervention of federal authority and the federal retreat;
• The rise of Bourbon politicians;
• The transformation of the white yeomanry;
• The growth of towns and cities and a new urban culture;
• The remaking of southern domestic life, as men, women, and children took on new
roles;
• The emergence of an interracial Populist movement and its demise;
• The establishment and entrenchment of segregation;
• Disenfranchisement of African Americans and many “poor” whites;
• The legitimization of extralegal violence against African Americans;
• Migration of white and black southerners from depleted agricultural areas to newer
plantation districts, mill towns, and cities;
• Development of oppressive penal institutions;
• Cultivation of a “dual consciousness” of accommodation and proud independence
among African Americans;
• The acquiescence of northern leaders to “southern” prerogatives on matters of race;
• And eventually an opportunity, provided by labor demand during World War I, for
plantation workers—white, but especially black—to leave the South and, with that, the
beginning of the Great Migration.
Plantation records offer scholars access to these signal events. It was on plantations that
most black southerners continued to live and work in the years after the Civil War, as
tenants, share renters, sharecroppers, and wage laborers. It was the plantation that also
entrapped many white former yeomen. And it was on the plantations where much of the
negotiation between landless laborers, white and black, and landowners, nearly all of them
white, took place. Even when it did not—as mill towns and new metropolises came to play
a larger role in southern life—the plantation and its ethos continued to shape the lives of the
new urbanites.
From the very first years following emancipation, laborers and landowners—many of
them former slaves and former slave owners—contested their respective rights and
obligations. Dire necessity and the imposition of federal regulations compelled freedpeople—
who had failed to gain access to the land they believed to be their due—to accept
employment growing the South’s great staple crops. Black laborers contracted under a
variety of terms, some of their own devising, others the result of former slaveholders’
endless experimentation with forms of labor organization and remuneration. Landowners’
preferences often resembled too closely the old oppressions of slavery and whenever the
opportunity arose, freedpeople abandoned wage work to occupy plantation plots as
tenants and sharecroppers. But, over the course of a half century, the various arrangements freedpeople hoped would secure them a degree of independence failed, as
vi
stagnating prices, extralegal violence, and waning political power took their toll. Most
freedpeople became little more than wage workers, laboring in circumstances in which
they could expect small return for their efforts. In some places, freedpeople, hopelessly
indebted to their employers, became ensnared in a brutal system of labor extraction that
left the promise of emancipation in tatters. Similar changes separated white yeomen from
their land and the independence that had been their pride. By century’s end, thousands of
white men and women—many of them former property-holding yeomen or their descendants—were entrapped in the same system of profitless and coercive labor relations that
had captured former slaves.
The fate of the plantation and of its labor force was not of one piece. It varied over time
and was subject to wide variations across the South. In coastal Carolina and Georgia, rice
plantations hung on tenuously through the later years of the nineteenth century only to
vanish in the early twentieth century. As older cotton and tobacco fields declined, new
areas—notably the Yazoo-Mississippi Delta and portions of Arkansas and Texas—
opened to settlement and proved fertile ground for staple production. These areas
reinvigorated the plantation as both an economic and a social institution. Elsewhere the
plantation survived but underwent major modifications. In the Mississippi Valley and the
Georgia-Alabama-Mississippi “black belt,” many of the large-scale plantations revived
after the war, but their recovery progressed slowly, constrained by the eastward march of
the boll weevil, a softening demand for the South’s great staple crop, and the steady
depletion of even the richest soils. New forms of corporate organization also appeared,
transforming the plantation from a family proprietorship into a variant of modern corporate
capitalism. In still other instances, plantations fell to the control of their creditors, including
commission merchants, cotton factors, and even country storekeepers, who created
novel relationships with laborers. These transformations tended to dissolve the personal
or paternal bonds between planters and workers, completing the alienation of most
agricultural laborers from communal attachments to local plantations. They also altered
relations within the plantation household, as women—of both the owning class and the
laboring class—took new roles within the larger community. The transformation of
femininity and masculinity set in motion conflicts, some of which aimed for still greater
change, others of which called for a restoration of the old ideal. The reordering of gender
roles deeply affected race relations.
Through these various transformations, the necessity of securing and controlling a
labor force remained paramount in the eyes of the planters, merchants, mill owners, and
corporate directors. These employers found support in a complaisant state that steadily
shifted power in their favor. In such circumstances, the only choice that remained to black
and many white workers was to vote with their feet. Annual movement became commonplace as workers shuttled from plantation to plantation in search of a new start or a slightly
more advantageous contract. Desperation, however, created new political possibilities.
The Populist movement, which sometimes joined white and black agricultural laborers
together, was one such possibility. But there were others as well. Hard times put a mean
edge on labor relations, incubating extreme chauvinism among whites. That too had
contradictory effects on black life, at once necessitating supine accommodationism and
sparking a revival of black nationalism in the form of immigrationism and various selfimprovement schemes. Taken together, the increasingly contentious relations between
whites and blacks elevated the question of race from simply a southern issue to a matter
of national import. The reformulation of the plantation transformed the southern people and
altered their most deeply held beliefs.
vii
The records kept by southern planters and their associates, clients, and subordinates—bankers, factors, merchants, and occasionally farmers and laborers—document
these momentous changes. They, more than any other single source, are the raw material
from which new understandings of southern life will emerge.
The records of the plantations reveal nearly every aspect of southern life in the years
after the Civil War. They reach into the interior of the great estates, where they expose not
only the stark and often painful changes in relationships between those who controlled the
land and those who worked it, but also changes in the structure of the households, between
men and women, parents and children of both whites and blacks. Changing family relations
also marked a change in notions of the sacred, pushing southern religious life in new
directions that can be seen in the construction (and abandonment) of plantation chapels,
the advent of new sects, and the decline of established denominations. Plantation records
thus offer scholars critical evidence that addresses ongoing controversies about, for
example, the changing nature of the southern labor system, the relationship of economic
and political power, the new system of class relations, and the mentality of rulers and ruled.
Plantation records also give scholars a chance to stretch the historical canvas and
examine previously unexplored portions of the southern experience—questions of identity, gender, and memory that have only recently begun to come under consideration.
Moreover, the insights to be gleaned from the records of southern plantations are not limited
to the history of the South. This is especially true when the southern plantation is seen as
an institution with global analogues whose roots reach back to at least the eleventh century.
Such a perspective makes the study of the plantation a critical element in the development
of world history, as its influence extends beyond the region to the North, the Atlantic, and
beyond. It was an internationalism recognized by southern planters who competed in a
world market and followed closely the prices of commodities grown tens of thousands of
miles away. They understood the mechanisms used by their counterparts in the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia to secure a stable labor force. And what the planters knew from their
perspective atop southern society, workers understood from their lowly perch, as rumors
of strikes, riots, and revolutions echoed in the plantation quarters.
The insights available in the records of southern plantations lay bare the diverse and
competing values of an institution and a society undergoing dramatic change. Those
values—and, most especially, the competition between them—tell much about how
southerners were shaping new identities, as employers and employees, whites and
blacks, men and women, believers and skeptics. In the process they gave new meaning
to wealth and poverty, whiteness and blackness, and masculinity and femininity. While
most records that speak to such questions are often indirect and formal, others are deeply
reflective and personal and take scholars into the inner lives of the men and women who
made the plantation their home, as well as those who lived in its shadow.
In constructing this series of postbellum records several criteria have been applied.
Care has been taken to select those collections that provide the densest representation—
by their depth and diversity—of the historical experience. The editors aim to provide a
selection that represents the entire period and offers an opportunity to explore not only the
cotton South but also the Souths—large and small—of rice, hemp, and tobacco. Because
many of these estates changed forms—as centralized production surrendered to share
renting, sharecropping, and wage labor—and because ownership was lodged in the hands
of merchants and factors as well as planters, a wide variety of records have been included
in this series. Among the papers microfilmed are not only daybooks and ledgers,
inventories and invoices, but also personal letters, diaries, and memoirs. Taken together,
the selections are intended to illuminate all aspects of southern life.
viii
During the last two decades, the microfilm publication of Records of Ante-Bellum
Southern Plantations from the Revolution through the Civil War by University Publications
of America has allowed scholars of southern society to expand historical understanding
of slave society. It has also provided a means for students, from secondary school to
graduate school, to participate in the practice of history. The issuance of Records of
Southern Plantations from Emancipation to the Great Migration extends the same research
and pedagogical opportunities into that critical period between emancipation and the Great
Migration.
Ira Berlin
Distinguished University Professor
University of Maryland
College Park, Maryland
ix
SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE
For more than a century Duke University and its predecessor institutions have
collected rare and special library materials. As early as the 1890s the Trinity College
Historical Society began assembling manuscripts and other primary materials. With the
founding of Duke University in 1924, the need for such materials to support research by
graduate students and faculty increased. The Manuscript Department was established in
1931, and the Rare Book Department was formally organized in December 1942. In
subsequent years faculty members, private donors, and curators of manuscripts and rare
books all contributed in substantial ways to the building of the departments’ holdings.
Between 1989 and 1992 the two departments were combined to form the present Rare
Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library. The merger emphasizes the interrelatedness of the manuscript and rare book holdings and the inclusion of other formats of
materials, such as broadsides, pamphlets, sheet music, maps, photographs, films,
videotapes, and sound recordings.
The holdings of the Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library range from
ancient papyri to records of modern advertising. They number more than 200,000 printed
volumes and more than 9,500,000 items in manuscript and archival collections. They
support research in a wide variety of disciplines and programs, including African American
studies, anthropology, classics, economics, history, literature, political science, religion,
sociology, and women’s studies.
The library’s holdings relating to the history and culture of the American South are
particularly strong. There are extensive collections of Confederate imprints, Civil War
regimental histories, and southern broadsides. Letters and diaries document politics,
business, labor, education, religion, race relations, and other aspects of life in the South
from the antebellum period through the late twentieth century.
Series A, Part 1
This microfilm edition consists of eight manuscript collections filmed from the holdings
of the Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke University. These
collections are the Samuel O. Wood Papers, Henry Watson Jr. Papers, Clement Claiborne
Clay Papers, Louis Manigault Papers, James Burchell Richardson Papers, JarrattPuryear Family Papers, McDonald Furman Papers, and Sanders Family Papers. The
records are principally from cotton plantations in Alabama and cotton and rice plantations
in South Carolina; however, the Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers also contain North Carolina
cotton plantation records. Alabama and South Carolina collections selected for this edition
were chosen because they allow researchers to investigate the operation of the postbellum
plantation as well as many other aspects of life during this period. The collections consist
of personal and family correspondence, financial records and account books, ledgers,
inventories, plantation books, and diaries. Records primarily date from 1861 to 1915;
however, several collections reach before 1861 as well as after 1915.
The collections selected for this edition document many aspects of the postbellum
plantation system in Alabama and South Carolina. The operation of the plantations in their
xi
aim to produce a marketable crop is a central aspect of these collections. For example,
business correspondence with cotton factors in the Samuel O. Wood Papers and Henry
Watson Jr. Papers provides insight into the responsiveness of planters to the cotton
market in the years after the Civil War. Correspondence from overseers in the Henry
Watson Jr. Papers and the Louis Manigault Papers document changing labor relations on
the plantations.
Records pertaining to the African American experience can be found throughout this
edition. For example, the Samuel O. Wood Papers contain account books recording the
sale of food, clothing, and supplies to African American laborers. Correspondence in the
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers mentions African American workers on the Clay lands,
and the James Burchell Richardson Papers contain a series of rental and lien agreements
from the 1860s to the 1890s.
The experience of women on postbellum plantations is also documented in this edition.
The Clement Claiborne Clay Papers, for example, contain extensive correspondence
between Clement Claiborne Clay and his wife, Virginia, and between Virginia Clay and her
many relatives. This correspondence frequently discusses conditions on the Clay
plantation and Virginia Clay’s efforts to maintain the plantation in her husband’s absence.
The Clay Papers also contain the diary of Virginia Clay and a vein of correspondence
between Virginia Clay and Jefferson Davis. The James Burchell Richardson Papers also
contain correspondence and accounts kept by women who managed the plantations in the
absence of their husbands.
The participation of southern planters in Civil War and postbellum politics is another
topic that can be studied via these plantation records. For example, Clement Claiborne
Clay served in the Confederate Senate during the Civil War. After the war, Clay was
arrested for his alleged complicity in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Virginia Clay
frequently wrote to Andrew Johnson requesting her husband’s release, and the Clay
collection includes Clay’s pardon by Andrew Johnson. In the James Burchell Richardson
family, John Peter Richardson became governor of South Carolina and the Richardson
Papers contain correspondence on South Carolina politics. Politics in North Carolina is an
occasional topic of correspondence in the Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers.
The operation of the plantation, the experience of African Americans and women, and
the political participation of postbellum planters are only a few of the many topics covered
in this microfilm edition. More detailed descriptions of each of the collections included in this
edition, as well as a list of major topics, can be found in the reel index of this user guide.
An alphabetical listing of the topics covered in this edition can be found in the subject index
of this user guide.
xii
NOTE ON SOURCES
The collections microfilmed in this edition are from the holdings of the Rare Book,
Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke University, Box 90185, Durham, North
Carolina 27708-0185. Historical maps, microfilmed among the introductory materials, are
courtesy of the Map Collection of the Academic Affairs Library of the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Library of Congress. The maps come from Thomas G.
Bradford, A Comprehensive Atlas: Geographical, Historical, & Commercial, 1835, and
from Robert Mills’ Atlas of the State of South Carolina, 1825.
EDITORIAL NOTE
The collections selected for this edition have been chosen in consultation with and
under criteria established by series General Editor Ira Berlin. Records primarily date from
1861 to 1915; however, there are records from before 1861 as well as after 1915. These
pre-1861 and post-1915 records have been included in order to complete a specific series
or volume.
Researchers may find pre-1861 parts of these collections in another UPA microfilm
series, Records of Ante-Bellum Southern Plantations from the Revolution through the Civil
War. The pre-1861 parts of the Samuel O. Wood Papers, Henry Watson Jr. Papers, and
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers were previously microfilmed in UPA’s Records of AnteBellum Southern Plantations from the Revolution through the Civil War, Series F, Part 1.
The pre-1861 parts of the Louis Manigault Papers, James Burchell Richardson Papers,
and Sanders Family Papers were previously microfilmed in UPA’s Records of Ante-Bellum
Southern Plantations from the Revolution through the Civil War, Series F, Part 2. The pre1861 parts of the Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers were previously microfilmed in UPA’s
Records of Ante-Bellum Southern Plantations from the Revolution through the Civil War,
Series F, Part 3. In addition, the Clement Claiborne Clay Papers, 1883–1925, were
previously microfilmed in UPA’s Southern Women and Their Families in the 19th Century:
Papers and Diaries, Series H, Part 2, and they have been omitted from this microfilm
edition. A note on the microfilm at the beginning of each collection in this edition identifies
the parts of these collections that have been omitted from this edition but may be found in
other UPA microfilm series. The McDonald Furman Papers, 1883–1903, consist of
genealogical correspondence and other materials of McDonald Furman, and these
materials have been omitted from this microfilm edition.
xiii
REEL INDEX
The following is a listing of the collections and folders comprising Records of Southern
Plantations from Emancipation to the Great Migration, Series A: Selections from the Rare Book,
Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke University, Part 1: Alabama and South
Carolina Plantations. This edition consists of eight manuscript collections. Each of these
collections is identified by its title followed by the entire date span of the collection. Dates in
brackets indicate the span of each collection as microfilmed for this edition by UPA.
Geographical locations in the collection titles indicate the primary geographic area associated
with a particular collection. Following the collection title, there is a brief description of the
collection and a folder listing. The four-digit number on the far left is the frame at which a
particular file folder begins. This is followed by the file title, the date(s) of the file, and the total
number of frames. Substantive subjects are highlighted under the heading Major Topics.
Reel 1
Frame No.
Samuel O. Wood Papers and Account Books, 1847–1899 [1861–1899],
Marengo County, Alabama
In 1861 Samuel O. Wood moved to Gay’s Landing, Marengo County, Alabama, and began
to run a cotton plantation. Letters to Wood from Mobile cotton factors concern marketing of
cotton, interest rates, purchase of farm equipment, transportation by steamboats, economic
conditions, and political affairs. Wood filed for bankruptcy in 1869, but he managed to sell his
land for sufficient money to reestablish himself as a cotton planter. Wood also served as a local
debt collector for a number of merchants and individuals.
Correspondence from the late 1860s and 1870 from emigrants to Texas concerns
agriculture and social conditions, as well as news of other Alabamans in Texas and instructions
for settling their affairs in Alabama. The collection also documents Wood’s service as a justice
of the peace for Marengo County in the 1870s and 1880s. Other important items include
sharecropping agreements with African Americans and references to cotton production. Account
books of Samuel O. Wood concern the sale of food, clothing, and supplies to African American
laborers, as well as numbers of days worked in the fields and at other chores.
0001
Introductory Materials, Map, List of Omissions. 3 frames.
Box 1, Samuel O. Wood Papers
0004 Correspondence and Papers, 1847–1869 [1861–1869]. 113 frames.
Major Topics: Prices for slave laborers; loans; land ownership; cotton sales; cotton
factors; bankruptcy.
1
Frame No.
0117
0284
Correspondence and Papers, 1870–1877. 167 frames.
Major Topics: Cotton sales; cotton factors; T. S. Fry and Company; migration to
Texas; land ownership records; L. Brewer and Company (grocers and cotton
factors); financial records; Robins, Wilson, and Company (cotton factors and
commission merchants); Young and Jones (cotton factors); William H. Ross and
Company (commission merchants).
Correspondence and Papers, 1878–1899 and Undated. 171 frames.
Major Topics: Purchases of food, clothing, and farm equipment; William H. Ross and
Company; Robins, Wilson, and Company; debts.
Bound Volumes, Samuel O. Wood Papers
0455 M-2697, Account Book, Gay’s Landing, Marengo County, Alabama, 1867–1869.
56 frames.
Major Topics: Purchases of food, clothing, and farm equipment; legal fees.
0511 M-2698, Account Book, Gay’s Landing, Marengo County, Alabama, 1871–1875.
64 frames.
Major Topics: Legal fees; purchases of food, clothing, and farm equipment.
Henry Watson Jr. Papers, 1765–1938 [1861–1938],
Greensboro, Alabama, [and Massachusetts]
Papers of Henry Watson Jr. (1810–1891), cotton planter of Greensboro, Alabama,
document cotton culture in the “black lands of Alabama.” A native of Connecticut, Henry Watson
moved to Alabama in 1833. He practiced law for twenty years in Greensboro, while developing
an active interest in plantation lands, and was the owner of many slaves. Upon the outbreak of
the Civil War, he moved to Northampton, Massachusetts. Watson returned to Alabama after the
Civil War and resumed the management of his extensive plantations. Papers include profit and
loss statements, labor records, diaries, and letters from factors in Mobile, Alabama, and in
Liverpool, England, and Le Havre, France. Henry Watson divided his time between Alabama
and Massachusetts while relying on a succession of resident overseers to manage operations.
During his year-end visits, accounts for the preceding year were settled and profit or loss
assigned to his tenants and sharecroppers. Frederic Watson (b. 1846), a son of Henry, wrote
frequently to his sister Julia concerning social life and industrial and labor conditions at the
Briarfield Iron Works in Alabama, where he worked for Gen. J. Gorgas. In 1866, Henry Watson
and others banded together to form the Alabama Cotton Planters Association on the premise
that large-scale operations would be more efficient and profitable. A plan to cultivate 30,000
acres in cotton, corn, and timber called for the employment of 1,500 hands under 80 overseers.
A June 20, 1867, letter describes the murder in Greensboro, Alabama, of African American
merchant Alex Webb by another merchant, John C. Orrick. Orrick fled as hundreds of African
Americans angrily patrolled the town before U.S. troops arrived to restore order. Overseers’
letters describe the difficulties of managing freedmen in Alabama in the post–Civil War era. An
October 30, 1872, letter from Frederic Watson to his brother Arthur includes a positive
assessment of some African American officeholders. Extensive correspondence and legal
papers relate to Henry Watson’s efforts to end what he felt was double taxation of his Alabama
property. The state of Massachusetts classed his Alabama holdings as taxable personal
property, although they were already taxed in Alabama. In 1884, Henry Watson sold his
Alabama plantations. Frederic Watson remained in Selma, Alabama, until after the death of his
father in 1891. A letter of 1902 from an attorney in Birmingham, Alabama, urges the heirs of
Henry Watson to pursue a claim against the U.S. Treasury for cotton seized by agents of the
government in 1866.
2
Frame No.
0575
Introductory Materials, Map, List of Omissions. 3 frames.
Box 6, Henry Watson Jr. Papers
0578 Papers, January–July 1861. 156 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; North/South political divisions; secession;
move to Northampton, Massachusetts; Civil War; slavery.
0734 Papers, August–December 1861. 95 frames.
Major Topics: Civil War; family correspondence; travel to Europe.
0829 Papers, 1862. 142 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; life in Europe; conditions on Henry Watson’s
Alabama plantations; financial records; prisoners of war.
0971 Papers, 1863. 180 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; life in Europe; Civil War.
Reel 2
Henry Watson Jr. Papers cont.
Box 6, Henry Watson Jr. Papers cont.
0001 Papers, 1864. 154 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; property value; Civil War.
Box 7, Henry Watson Jr. Papers
0155 Papers, 1865. 161 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; prisoners of war; Butt and Foster (cotton
factors and commission merchants); taxation; labor contracts; cotton sales;
Henry Watson’s return to Alabama.
0316 Papers, 1866. 142 frames.
Major Topics: African American laborers; letters from Frederic Watson to his sister
Julia; family correspondence; agriculture; land rental agreements;
correspondence with cotton factors; Briarfield Iron Works; Bank of Alabama;
supplies for employment of 1,500 workers; Alabama Cotton Planters Association.
0458 Papers, January–August 1867. 110 frames.
Major Topics: Correspondence with cotton factors; Briarfield Iron Works, letters from
Frederic Watson to his sister Julia; family correspondence; Freedmen’s Bureau;
Oliver Otis Howard; farming contracts; plantation inventory; murder of African
American merchant Alex Webb by John C. Orrick, retaliation by African
Americans, and arrival of U.S. troops; Reconstruction political issues.
0568 Papers, September–December 1867. 81 frames.
Major Topics: Correspondence with overseer; family correspondence; cotton sales;
taxation; production and expenses for 1867.
0649 Papers, January–December 1868. 83 frames.
Major Topics: Reconstruction political issues; cotton market; correspondence with
overseer; family correspondence; income in 1868.
0732 Papers, 1869. 85 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; cotton sales; Salt Lake, Utah, exploration;
land sales; Tennessee.
3
Frame No.
0817
0896
Papers, 1870–1872. 79 frames.
Major Topics: Henry Watson’s travel to Alabama; family correspondence; land rental
agreement; sale of lands to Smith College; correspondence with cotton factors;
H. A. Stollenwreck and Brothers (cotton factor); African American politicians.
Papers, 1873–1874. 82 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; business matters; Henry Watson; Harvard
University; taxation; cotton production.
Box 8, Henry Watson Jr. Papers
0978 Papers, 1875–1876. 66 frames.
Major Topics: Economic conditions; Henry Watson’s travel to Alabama; family
correspondence; taxation; plantation workers’ wages.
Reel 3
Henry Watson Jr. Papers cont.
Box 8, Henry Watson Jr. Papers cont.
0001 Papers, 1877–1879. 73 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; taxation; Henry Watson’s travel to Alabama.
0074 Papers, 1880–1883. 72 frames.
Major Topics: Henry Watson’s travel to Alabama; land ownership; family
correspondence; land rental agreement; sale of plantation; taxation.
0146 Papers, 1884–1885. 43 frames.
Major Topics: Henry Watson’s travel to Alabama; family correspondence.
0189 Papers, 1886–1889. 87 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; biographical sketch of Henry Watson.
0276 Papers, 1890–1901. 49 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Sereno Watson’s will; Henry Watson’s
property settlement.
0325 Papers, 1902–1938. 29 frames.
Major Topics: Claim against U.S. Treasury for cotton seized in 1866; Julia Watson’s
personal correspondence.
0354 Papers, Undated [1809–1865]. 51 frames.
Major Topic: Family correspondence.
0405 Papers, Undated [1866–1906]. 17 frames.
Major Topic: Family correspondence.
Box 11, Henry Watson Jr. Papers
0422 Bills, Receipts, and Indentures, 1860–1861 [1861]. 48 frames.
Major Topics: Purchase of food and farm equipment; account with overseer George
W. Hagin; account with John H. Parrish; taxation.
0470 Bills, Receipts, and Indentures, 1862–1863. 35 frames.
Major Topics: Account with C. S. Gayle; Planters Insurance Company business
records.
4
Frame No.
0505
0560
0636
Bills, Receipts, and Indentures, 1864–1865. 55 frames.
Major Topics: Account with Sereno Watson; investments; Freedmen’s Bureau;
payments to freedmen; cotton sales; account with Harriet Watson; taxation;
property value statement; personal property; list of slaves.
Bills, Receipts, and Indentures, 1866–1867. 76 frames.
Major Topics: Cotton sales; plantation operations; property value estimate; account
with Sereno Watson; account with Importers and Traders Bank; account with
Edward E. Denniston.
Bills, Receipts, and Indentures, 1868–1869. 45 frames.
Major Topics: Purchase of food and farm equipment; property value estimate; cotton
sales; real and personal property; taxation; stocks.
Box 12, Henry Watson Jr. Papers
0681 Bills, Receipts, and Indentures, 1870–1875. 80 frames.
Major Topics: Property value estimates; cotton seized by Treasury Department;
family expenses; taxation; gold sales; account with Charles Clark; stocks.
0761 Bills, Receipts, and Indentures, 1876–1879. 39 frames.
Major Topic: Taxation.
0800 Bills, Receipts, and Indentures, 1880–1889. 61 frames.
Major Topics: Stocks; family expenses; home furnishings; property value estimate.
0861 Bills, Receipts, and Indentures, Undated. 24 frames.
Major Topics: Account with S. Gayle; Planters Insurance Company; iron-making
cost; cotton production.
Box 13, Henry Watson Jr. Papers
0885 Genealogy, 1869–1938. 126 frames.
Major Topics: Genealogy; obituary of Henry Watson; biographical sketch of Henry
Watson; Myra M. Sampson, “A History of the Watson Family: Eminent in
Northampton, 1860–1948.”
Reel 4
Henry Watson Jr. Papers cont.
Box 13, Henry Watson Jr. Papers cont.
0001 Miscellany (including Legal Papers and Printed Material), 1803–1865. 99 frames.
Major Topics: Poetry; hiring of blacksmith; assessment of Frederic Peck’s property,
including value of slaves; Berlin American Female Institute.
0100 Miscellany (Visiting Cards), 1864 and Undated. 3 frames.
0103 Miscellany (including Legal Papers and Printed Material), 1866–1904. 33 frames.
Major Topics: Taxation; Hampshire Bar Association resolutions on death of Arthur
Watson.
0136 Newspaper Clippings, [1861–1892]. 34 frames.
Major Topics: Sereno Watson; value of Confederate money; money, bond, and stock
markets; general amnesty proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln; freedmen
contracts; Briarfield Iron Works; civil rights bill; yellow fever epidemic;
North/South relationship; Canebrake Agricultural District.
5
Frame No.
0170
Newspaper Clippings (including 1891 Alabama Beacon with obituary of Henry
Watson), [1861–1891 and Undated]. 23 frames.
Major Topics: Sereno Watson; Margaret Watson; Supreme Court cases; slavery;
Freedmen’s Bureau; 1837–1838 depression; taxation; cotton crop; death of
Henry Watson; secession.
Box 13-E, Henry Watson Jr. Papers
0193 Writings and Volumes, List of Slaves Owned by Henry Watson, 1843–1866.
51 frames.
0244 Writings and Volumes, Scrapbook, 1860–1862. 90 frames.
Major Topics: Census statistics; agricultural and mineral products; 1860 presidential
vote returns; France; Germany; Confederate States of America laws;
Confederate Congress; Jefferson Davis inaugural address; stock markets;
Connecticut; Massachusetts; Vermont anti–fugitive slave law legislation; Henry
Clay; Battle of Bull Run; Civil War; slavery and the slave trade; Port Royal, South
Carolina; Confiscation Bill; African American soldiers; General Order No. 72 by
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant; colonization; Abraham Lincoln; Charles Sumner; Winfield
Scott; James Buchanan; War Department; habeas corpus cases; New Orleans,
Louisiana; Benjamin F. Butler; Tennessee; taxation.
0334 Writings and Volumes, Julius A. Reed, Diary of Voyage to Fayal [Azores], 1887.
16 frames.
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers, 1811–1925 [1861–1882],
Huntsville, Madison County, Alabama
Papers of Clement Claiborne Clay begin with a substantial amount of correspondence from
the Civil War years. Clay served in the Confederate Senate and much of the correspondence
between 1861 and 1865 discusses Civil War battles and Confederate States of America political
matters. Several letters mention conditions at Clay’s Huntsville plantation as well as the status
of his slaves, including runaway slaves and seizures of slaves by the Union army. A September
5, 1863, letter from Mrs. Clement Comer Clay to her son mentions that “the Negroes are worse
than free. They say they are free. We cannot exert any authority. I beg ours to do what little is
done.” Following the Civil War, Clement Claiborne Clay was imprisoned in Fort Monroe for his
alleged involvement in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. The collection contains a
significant vein of correspondence regarding Clay’s imprisonment, including letters to his wife,
Virginia Caroline Tunstall Clay, and letters from Virginia Clay to Andrew Johnson attempting to
secure her husband’s release.
Following Clay’s release from Fort Monroe, the correspondence reveals his struggles to
reestablish his plantation lands under new constraints from 1867 to 1869. A common lament in
his letters was the scarcity of hands, mules, and plows. In the early 1870s, Clay was traveling
through Alabama and Mississippi as he tried to establish an insurance business. During these
years, his wife managed the plantation. Virginia Clay’s correspondence from the early 1870s
documents the efforts of Clay women to work their land and develop new modes of labor
relations. For example, Virginia Clay tried to urge her workers on with the lure of high prices for
their crops. Virginia Clay’s correspondence from the early 1870s also mentions the daily
progress of the cotton crop, details of labor management, and other aspects of plantation
management at Clay Lodge.
Letters from a wide circle of friends and relations document unsettled conditions in Alabama,
Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee. Letters of 1868 from
6
Frame No.
Helena, Arkansas, recount escalating incidents of racial violence and recrimination culminating
in the assassination of a military officer. An April 29, 1871, letter to Virginia Caroline Tunstall
Clay mentions her cousin’s desire to be rid of African American laborers and to use Chinese
laborers in their place. Letters of 1871–1872 from Jefferson Davis to Virginia Tunstall Clay and
Clement Claiborne Clay detail their financial woes and the difficulties in raising money in the
North or South to relieve their debts. The correspondence with Jefferson Davis also reveals his
close friendship with the Clay family. As Clay’s financial difficulties mounted in 1873, and his
health worsened, he returned to the plantation until his death on January 2, 1882. From 1870 to
1882, there is detailed correspondence between Clay and his wife. Letters from Jefferson Davis
to Virginia Clay in 1882 continue to offer financial advice.
The correspondence is followed by several bound volumes. These include an executor’s
book, 1866–1869, of the estate of Clement Comer Clay (d. 1866), a letterbook of Clay’s
correspondence while traveling in Canada as a diplomatic representative of the Confederacy,
and a letterbook of some of Clay’s Fort Monroe correspondence. A book of receipts, 1871–
1873, documents the purchase of farm equipment and payment of money to African American
laborers. Included with the receipts are vouchers and invoices itemizing the purchases. Other
bound volumes include financial records, scrapbooks apparently kept by Virginia Clay, and
three bound volumes of Virginia Clay’s diary.
0350
Introductory Materials, Map, List of Omissions. 3 frames.
Box 3, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers
0353 Letters, January–June 1861. 206 frames.
Major Topics: Jefferson Davis; secession; North/South political differences;
Confederate army; family correspondence; Civil War.
0559 Letters, July–December 1861. 120 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; military equipment; Civil War; Confederate
army; Washington, D.C.
0679 Letters, January–May 1862. 193 frames.
Major Topics: Union army invasion of Huntsville; battle of Shiloh; Mobile, Alabama;
Confederate army; family correspondence; Jefferson Davis; New Orleans,
Louisiana; Alabama regiments; Nashville, Tennessee.
Box 4, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers
0872 Letters, June–December 1862. 180 frames.
Major Topics: Civil War; journal of Mrs. Philip Phillips; treason; family
correspondence; Confederate army; Confederate States of America political
matters.
Reel 5
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
Box 4, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
0001 Letters, January–April 1863. 331 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Civil War; treason; runaway slaves; slavery;
Confederate Treasury notes; conditions on Clay plantation, Huntsville; food
supply; slaves; Confederate army; social life.
7
Frame No.
0332
0575
0773
Letters, May–August 1863. 243 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Confederate States of America political
matters;
Union army invasion of Huntsville; religion; treason; newspaper publishing
business of
J. Withers Clay; Civil War; health conditions; slaves.
Letters, September–December 1863. 198 frames.
Major Topics: Slaves; Union army invasion of Huntsville; newspaper publishing
business of
J. Withers Clay; Clay plantation conditions; family correspondence; Clement
Claiborne Clay’s defeat in 1863 Confederate Senate reelection campaign; Civil
War; Confederate army.
Letters, January–June 1864. 236 frames.
Major Topics: Union invasion of Huntsville; Clement Claiborne Clay’s defeat in 1863
Confederate Senate reelection campaign; Confederate Congress and army;
family correspondence; Confederate cotton purchase; Clay’s travel to Canada;
Civil War.
Reel 6
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
Box 4, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
0001 Letters, July–September 1864. 156 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Confederate States of America political
matters; Civil War; Canada; Jefferson Davis; Horace Greeley; 1864 presidential
election.
Box 5, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers
0157 Letters, October 1864–January 1865. 144 frames.
Major Topics: Jefferson Davis; Confederate States of America political matters;
family correspondence; Confederate army; prisons for Confederate soldiers in
Saint Albans, Vermont, and Rock Island, Illinois; Civil War.
0301 Letters, February–June 1865. 160 frames.
Major Topics: Civil War; family correspondence; Confederate army; Clay plantation
conditions; reward of $100,000 for Clement Claiborne Clay’s arrest in connection
with assassination of Abraham Lincoln; imprisonment of Clay and Jefferson
Davis at Fort Monroe; Clay’s return from Canada.
0461 Letters, July–September 1865. 224 frames.
Major Topics: Legal activity and other correspondence concerning Clement
Claiborne Clay’s imprisonment; Thaddeus Stevens; prison correspondence from
Clay to his wife, Virginia Caroline Tunstall Clay; family correspondence; efforts of
Virginia Clay to secure her husband’s release.
0685 Letters, November 1865. 148 frames.
Major Topics: Correspondence regarding Clement Claiborne Clay’s imprisonment;
correspondence between Clay and his wife; family correspondence; United
States v. Clement Claiborne Clay; Ulysses S. Grant letter to President Andrew
Johnson regarding Clay’s release on parole.
8
Frame No.
0833
Letters, October 1865. 91 frames.
Major Topics: Correspondence regarding Clement Claiborne Clay’s imprisonment;
family correspondence.
Reel 7
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
Box 5, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
0001 Letter Fragments Written in Prison, 1865–1866. 12 frames.
Box 6, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers
0013 Letters, January 1866. 171 frames.
Major Topics: Clement Claiborne Clay’s imprisonment; family correspondence;
Thaddeus Stevens; correspondence from Virginia Clay to Andrew Johnson
regarding Clement Claiborne Clay’s release; prison correspondence from
Clement Claiborne Clay to his wife.
0184 Letters, February 1866. 132 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Clement Claiborne Clay’s imprisonment;
petition by Virginia Clay to Andrew Johnson requesting return of her private
correspondence and diary; Clement Claiborne Clay pardoned by Andrew
Johnson; Alabama State legislature loyalty resolution.
0316 Letters, March 1866. 135 frames.
Major Topics: Correspondence regarding Clement Claiborne Clay’s imprisonment
and release from prison on parole; family correspondence; correspondence from
Clement Claiborne Clay to his wife; Jefferson Davis.
0451 Letters, April 1866. 131 frames.
Major Topics: Reconstruction politics; family correspondence; Clement Claiborne
Clay’s release from Fort Monroe; hiring of African American plantation workers.
0582 Letters, May–July 1866. 142 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Clement Claiborne Clay’s release from Fort
Monroe; land ownership and property rights; United States v. Clement Claiborne
Clay (pardon of Clay, property rights); African American soldiers; Reconstruction
politics.
0724 Letters, August–October 1866. 120 frames.
Major Topics: Land ownership; property sale; family correspondence; business
prospects in Alabama; solicitation of Virginia Clay’s memoirs; Clay plantation
conditions.
0844 Letters, November–December 1866. 179 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; restoration of Clement Claiborne Clay’s
property by Andrew Johnson; Judge Advocate General report on Clement
Claiborne Clay’s alleged involvement in Abraham Lincoln’s assassination;
Clement Claiborne Clay’s financial condition; land ownership; property rights;
Freedmen’s Bureau.
9
Frame No.
Reel 8
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
Box 7, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers
0001 Miscellaneous [ca. 1866], Letters, Cards, and Notes from Andrew Johnson, 1865–
1866, and “Manufactured Testimony” against Clay. 153 frames.
Major Topics: Correspondence with Andrew Johnson; testimony regarding
assassination of Abraham Lincoln.
0154 Letters, January 1867. 68 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; property rights; Clay plantation conditions.
0222 Letters, February–September 1867. 241 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Clay plantation conditions.
0463 Letters, October 1867–August 1868. 287 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Reconstruction politics; publication of Virginia
Clay’s memoirs; land ownership; property rights; Freedmen’s Bureau; Clay
plantation conditions.
0750 Letters, September 1868–September 1869. 308 frames.
Major Topics: Racial violence in Helena, Arkansas; family correspondence; Clay
plantation conditions.
Reel 9
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
Box 7, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
0001 Letters, October 1869–June 1870. 270 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Jefferson Davis and Virginia Clay
correspondence; business correspondence from Jefferson Davis.
0271 Letters, July 1870–June 1871. 347 frames.
Major Topics: Jefferson Davis and Virginia Clay correspondence; family
correspondence; business correspondence from Jefferson Davis; Clay plantation
conditions; crop planting; African American and Chinese laborers; insurance
business.
Box 8, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers
0618 Letters, July–December 1871. 241 frames.
Major Topics: Insurance business; family correspondence; personal and business
correspondence with Jefferson Davis; Virginia Clay and Jefferson Davis
correspondence.
0859 Letters, 1872. 321 frames.
Major Topics: Plantation operations; Clay plantation conditions; finances; insurance
business; Jefferson Davis and Virginia Clay correspondence; family
correspondence; cotton sales; taxation.
10
Frame No.
Reel 10
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
Box 8, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
0001 Letters, 1873. 240 frames.
Major Topics: Social life; Jefferson Davis and Virginia Clay correspondence; family
correspondence; land speculation in Minnesota; Clay plantation management;
land ownership; insurance business; African American cook.
0241 Letters, January 1874–April 1875. 330 frames.
Major Topics: Land ownership; debts; family correspondence; Clay plantation
conditions; cotton crop; political activities of Lucius Q. C. Lamar; Republican
Party; Democratic Party; Reconstruction politics; civil rights bill; Charles Sumner;
Jefferson Davis and Virginia Clay correspondence; social life.
0571 Letters, May 1875–December 1876. 366 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Ladies Memorial Association; agricultural
labor; social life; Jefferson Davis and Clement Claiborne Clay correspondence
regarding election of 1860 and secession; lumber industry; land ownership;
Ayres P. Merrill; Mariners Church and Institute, Antwerp, Belgium.
0937 Letters, January–August 1877. 160 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; social life; Chickasaw Guards; employment.
Reel 11
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
Box 9, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers
0001 Correspondence, September 1877–July 1878. 173 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; cotton sales; New Mexico; murder of John
Henry Tunstall.
0174 Correspondence, August 1878–December 1879. 198 frames.
Major Topics: New Mexico; family correspondence; Jefferson Davis and Virginia Clay
correspondence; murder of John Henry Tunstall; Alabama Historical Society.
0372 Correspondence, [Undated—ca. 1870]. 346 frames.
Major Topics: Social life; family correspondence.
0718 Correspondence, January–August 1880. 172 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; social life.
0890 Correspondence, September–December 1880. 163 frames.
Major Topics: William L. Yancey; politics; family correspondence; cotton sales.
1053 Correspondence, January–July 1881. 134 frames.
Major Topics: Employment; family correspondence; politics.
1187 Correspondence, August–December 1881. 105 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; social life.
11
Frame No.
Reel 12
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
Box 10, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers
0001 Letters, January 1882. 173 frames.
Major Topics: Death of Clement Claiborne Clay; family correspondence; condolence
letters.
0174 Letters, February–July 1882. 236 frames.
Major Topics: Virginia Clay Clopton and Jefferson Davis correspondence; Clement
Claiborne Clay’s service to Confederate government; family correspondence;
Clement Claiborne Clay’s 1865 arrest and imprisonment.
0410 Letters, August–December 1882. 213 frames.
Major Topics: Virginia Clay Clopton and Jefferson Davis correspondence; family
correspondence.
Box 22, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers
0623 Correspondence, Undated (1865 and Earlier). 165 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; social life.
0788 Correspondence, Undated (1866 or Later). 294 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; social life.
1082 Correspondence, Undated (1866 or Later). 145 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; agriculture.
Reel 13
Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
Box 22, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers cont.
0001 Correspondence, Undated (1867 or Later). 186 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; woman suffrage; crops; United Daughters of
the Confederacy.
0187 Correspondence, Undated (1868 or Later). 65 frames.
Major Topic: Family correspondence.
Bound Volumes, Clement Claiborne Clay Papers
0252 M-697, Memorandum Book, 1853–1864. 57 frames.
Major Topics: Alabama newspapers; Clement Claiborne Clay’s business affairs.
0309 M-693, Letterbook, 1864 [Canada correspondence]. 34 frames.
Major Topic: Letters to Judah P. Benjamin, Jefferson Davis, Horace Greeley, George
H. Pendleton, and S. R. Mallory regarding Clement Claiborne Clay’s activities in
Canada and Confederate States of America political and diplomatic matters.
12
Frame No.
0343
0369
0489
0506
0568
0632
0715
0859
0939
1035
M-694, Letterbook, 1865 [Fort Monroe]. 26 frames.
Major Topic: Letters to E. M. Stanton, Andrew Johnson, Jefferson Davis, Robert
Toombs, and Jeremiah Black regarding Clement Claiborne Clay’s imprisonment
in Fort Monroe.
M-695, Letterpress Copybook, 1871–1873. 120 frames.
Major Topics: Insurance business; cotton production and sales.
S-692, Executor’s Book, 1866–1869. 17 frames.
Major Topic: Estate of Clement Comer Clay.
M-703, Scrapbook-V, 1866–1903. 62 frames.
Major Topics: Agriculture; social activities; Mary E. Surratt and assassination of
Abraham Lincoln; Jefferson Davis; Army of Northern Virginia; Civil War; Virginia
Clay Clopton; United Daughters of the Confederacy; Ferdinand Pinney Earle;
Mrs. Clement Comer Clay; agricultural laborer accounts; cotton sales accounts;
store accounts.
S-699, Receipt Book, 1860–1882. 64 frames.
S-700, Receipts, 1871–1873. 83 frames.
M-705, Scrapbook-VII, including Plantation Accounts, 1870–1873, and Madison
County, Alabama, Bible Society Minutes, 1820–1830. 144 frames.
Major Topics: Industrial Congress of Negroes; Agricultural and Mechanical College,
Normal, Alabama; W. H. Councill; Virginia Clay Clopton; accounts; cotton
production and sales; Madison County Bible Society; agriculture.
M-711, Virginia Caroline (Tunstall) Clay, Diary, 1859–1866. 80 frames.
S-712, Virginia Caroline (Tunstall) Clay, Diary, 1865–1869. 96 frames.
S-713, Virginia Caroline (Tunstall) Clay, Diary, 1872. 93 frames.
Reel 14
Louis Manigault Papers, 1776–1883 [1861–1883],
Charleston, South Carolina, [and Savannah River Islands, Georgia]
Papers of the Louis Manigault family document social and family life of an upper-class family
in Charleston and management of plantations on Savannah River islands, particularly Gowrie
plantation on Argyle Island.
A letter from Gabriel Manigault of January 21, 1861, details a slave hunting party made up of
a “parcel of overseers and three professional Negro hunters,” and he relates the best strategies
for hunting down runaway slaves. Other letters in 1861 describe the withdrawal of valuables
from unprotected plantation homes in expectation of raids by Union soldiers. Also withdrawn
were slave forces and marketable agricultural commodities, such as rice. Key correspondents in
the Civil War years are Louis Manigault Sr., Louis Manigault Jr., and Fannie Manigault. There
are also scattered letters to Louis Manigault Jr. and Fannie Manigault from other family
members. An important vein of correspondence is with an overseer, William Capers. Many
letters discuss the disruption of coastal Carolina and Georgia society due to the presence of
Union troops.
After the close of the Civil War there are few references to plantation affairs until 1872.
Between 1865 and 1872, most of the correspondence pertains to family matters and Louis
Manigault Jr.’s involvement with fraternal organizations. A significant vein of the
correspondence is with members of the Habersham family, who were prominent commission
merchants in Savannah and related to the Manigaults by marriage. The contentious politics of
13
Frame No.
race relations in the immediate postwar years is an occasional topic of the letters. An August 18,
1869, letter raised the possibility of augmenting plantation workforces with Chinese laborers.
By November 1871, a vein of correspondence commences from Silk Hope plantation written
by Gabriel Manigault. The Manigaults leased Gowrie plantation to Daniel Heyward after the Civil
War, but Heyward abandoned the enterprise before the expiration of the lease. The Manigaults
assumed control over Gowrie in 1875 and hired Heyward as overseer. A significant series of
overseers’ letters from both Daniel and James B. Heyward to Manigault concerning the
management of Gowrie plantation continue between 1876 and 1880. A letter of 1880 indicates
that Heyward employed both Irish immigrant and African American labor.
0001
Introductory Materials, Maps, List of Omissions. 4 frames.
Box 4, Louis Manigault Papers
0005 Papers, 1861. 152 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; runaway slaves; secession; Gowrie
plantation, Argyle Island, Georgia; Union army; rice shipments from Gowrie
plantation; Confederate army; punishment and confinement of slaves; William
Capers, overseer of Gowrie plantation.
0157 Papers, 1862. 116 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; social life; Union army; Charleston Light
Dragoons; Civil War; correspondence with William Capers; rice, corn, and pea
production.
0273 Papers, 1863–1865. 167 frames.
Major Topics: Correspondence with William Capers; Gowrie plantation; family
correspondence; Civil War; land ownership; rice production; Gabriel Manigault’s
imprisonment at Fort Delaware; Union shelling of Charleston, South Carolina.
0440 Papers, 1866–1867. 100 frames.
Major Topics: Gabriel and Alfred Manigault’s Civil War service; East Feliciana,
Louisiana, after Civil War; family correspondence; cotton prices; Yale College;
Delta Beta Phi fraternity.
0540 Papers, 1868–1869. 225 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; rice crop; African American agricultural
laborers; Chinese agricultural laborers; Delta Beta Phi fraternity.
0765 Papers, 1870–August 1871. 123 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Delta Beta Phi fraternity; social life.
Box 5, Louis Manigault Papers
0888 Papers, September 1871–1872. 147 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Gabriel Manigault correspondence on Silk
Hope plantation conditions; Delta Beta Phi fraternity.
14
Frame No.
Reel 15
Louis Manigault Papers cont.
Box 5, Louis Manigault Papers cont.
0001 Papers, 1873. 115 frames.
Major Topics: Education; Delta Beta Phi fraternity; family correspondence; Gabriel
Manigault correspondence from Silk Hope plantation; rice production; Howards
and Smith (cotton and rice brokers); crop production and prices.
0116 Papers, 1874–1875. 130 frames.
Major Topics: Gabriel Manigault correspondence from Silk Hope plantation; family
correspondence; Delta Beta Phi fraternity; Gowrie plantation; Daniel Heyward
correspondence regarding Gowrie plantation; social life; rice sales.
0246 Papers, January–September 1876. 185 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; canal building on Gowrie plantation; rice
prices and crop quality; Yale College; James B. Heyward correspondence from
Gowrie plantation; rice production.
0431 Papers, October–December 1876 [and Undated]. 79 frames.
Major Topics: James B. Heyward correspondence from Gowrie plantation; African
American laborers; rice production; rice sales; family correspondence.
0510 Papers, 1877. 83 frames.
Major Topics: Lien agreements; family correspondence; James B. Heyward
correspondence in Savannah, Georgia, and at Gowrie plantation; rice production;
rice sales.
0593 Papers, 1878. 103 frames.
Major Topics: Finances; Maurice Delfosse; James B. Heyward correspondence in
Savannah, Georgia, and at Gowrie plantation; rice production; Delta Beta Phi
fraternity; appointment of Louis Manigault as secretary to Belgian consulate in
Charleston; rental agreement with James B. Heyward for Gowrie plantation.
Box 6, Louis Manigault Papers
0696 Papers, 1879–1880. 64 frames.
Major Topics: James B. Heyward correspondence at Gowrie plantation and
Hardeeville, South Carolina; rice production; Belgian consulate correspondence
of Louis Manigault.
0760 Papers, 1881–1882. 73 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; James B. Heyward correspondence in
Hardeeville, South Carolina, at Gowrie plantation, and in Spartanburg, South
Carolina; Belgian consulate correspondence of Louis Manigault.
James Burchell Richardson Papers, 1803–1910 [1861–1910],
Sumter District, South Carolina
The post-1860 papers in this collection document two generations of the Richardson family,
who were cotton planters in Sumter District (later Clarendon County), South Carolina. The
principal figure in the 1860s is William Henry Burchell Richardson. W. H. B. Richardson and his
wife, Dorothy, corresponded regularly throughout their lives. Civil War–era letters document his
15
Frame No.
service, including hiring of slaves, to the Confederacy and her perspective from the Sumter
District plantations. After the war they struggled to keep their plantations alive. They each
became addicted to barbiturates. Accounts document purchases of quantities of opium,
laudanum, and morphine. In 1866, W. H. B. Richardson gave power of attorney to his son,
James Burchell Richardson. He died in 1879. His wife, Dorothy, outlived him and died in 1894.
She retained ownership of most of the struggling plantations, leasing them out year after year to
her sons. The sons of W. H. B. Richardson and his wife include, along with James Burchell,
Augustus (d. 1903), Francis (d. 1896), and Richard (d. 1883). In addition, there are three
daughters represented in the collection: Elizabeth (“Bett,” d. 1883), who married John R. Spann
and moved to Alabama; Dorothy (d. 1893); and Juliana (d. 1910). Juliana married a cousin,
John Peter Richardson, who was governor of South Carolina from 1866 to 1890. Each of the
siblings of the second generation is represented in the collection.
This collection contains significant correspondence discussing the post–Civil War plantation
system. Immediate postwar letters discuss coercive tactics used to compel freedmen to remain
on Richardson’s Sumter District plantation. Correspondence with Charleston cotton factors
details the vicissitudes of the market for the upcountry South Carolina staple crop. Regular
correspondence with Charleston commission merchants in the 1880s through the 1890s
documents the tight credit conditions faced by even the most prominent upcountry planters. The
financial papers series includes account statements from the commission merchants for the
Richardsons’ cotton sales. Information on freedmen and on agricultural laborers and
sharecroppers can be gleaned from the correspondence. In the series of account books, there
are two account books for agricultural laborers or sharecroppers for the years 1894 and 1896.
Records on slaves committed to construction work during the Civil War can be found in the
Legal Papers series, which also contains copies of agreements with freedmen on one of
Richardson’s low country plantations. There are agreements with a freedwoman to serve the
Richardsons as a house servant. There are rental and lien agreements for Richardson’s
upcountry plantations from the 1870s through the 1890s. This continuous series of rental
agreements is one of the most valuable features of the collection. There is also an 1883
agreement binding an African American child to the Richardsons for domestic service for the
sum of $6.50 for the year, payable to the parents of the child.
0833
Introductory Materials, Map, List of Omissions. 3 frames.
Box 2, James Burchell Richardson Papers
0836 Correspondence, 1859–1865. 213 frames.
Major Topics: Cotton crop; Pine Ville Jockey Club; family correspondence; slavery;
Civil War; allotment of slave labor during Civil War.
Reel 16
James Burchell Richardson Papers cont.
Box 2, James Burchell Richardson Papers cont.
0001 Correspondence, 1866–1867. 135 frames.
Major Topics: Freedmen; family correspondence; correspondence with Charleston
cotton factors regarding cotton market; Cohen, Hanckel, and Company
(commission merchants).
16
Frame No.
0136
0347
0469
0655
0893
Correspondence, 1868–1874. 211 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; cotton laborers’ claim of nonpayment; labor
contract with freedmen; taxation; Sarah J. C. Elliot; employment; lien agreement.
Correspondence, 1875–1880. 122 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; rental and lien agreement; land ownership.
Correspondence, 1881–1883. 186 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; employment; rental and lien agreement;
tobacco purchase.
Correspondence, 1884. 238 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; land ownership; land sales.
Correspondence, 1885. 149 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; South Carolina politics; land sales; land rental
agreement.
Reel 17
James Burchell Richardson Papers cont.
Box 3, James Burchell Richardson Papers
0001 Correspondence, 1886. 150 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; social life.
0151 Correspondence, 1887–1889. 212 frames.
Major Topic: Family correspondence.
0363 Correspondence, 1890–1894. 176 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; land ownership.
0539 Correspondence, 1895–1896. 132 frames.
Major Topic: Family correspondence.
0671 Correspondence, 1897–1910. 84 frames.
Major Topics: Finances; family correspondence; land ownership and sales; estate of
Mrs. J. A. M. Richardson.
0755 Correspondence, Undated (Post-1865). 166 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; South Carolina politics.
0921 Correspondence, Undated 2 (Post-1865). 260 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; South Carolina politics; social life.
Reel 18
James Burchell Richardson Papers cont.
Box 5, James Burchell Richardson Papers
0001 Financial Papers, 1859–1865. 63 frames.
Major Topics: Purchases of food, clothing, and farm equipment; cotton sales.
0064 Financial Papers, 1866–1883. 57 frames.
Major Topics: Purchases of food, clothing, and farm equipment; taxation.
17
Frame No.
0121
Financial Papers, 1884–1887. 68 frames.
Major Topics: Purchases of food, clothing, and farm equipment; cotton sales.
Box 6, James Burchell Richardson Papers
0189 Financial Papers, 1888–1890. 95 frames.
Major Topics: Purchases of food, clothing, and farm equipment; domestic servant’s
wages; cotton sales.
0284 Financial Papers, 1891–1893. 87 frames.
Major Topics: Purchases of food, clothing, and farm equipment; cotton sales; Edwin
W. Moise v. Francis J. Richardson (debt).
0371 Financial Papers, 1894–1896. 94 frames.
Major Topics: Cotton sales; purchases of food, clothing, and farm equipment.
0465 Financial Papers, 1897–1909. 105 frames.
Major Topics: Purchases of food, clothing, laudanum, and farm equipment; taxation.
0570 Financial Papers, Undated (Post-1865). 39 frames.
Major Topic: Purchases of food, clothing, and farm equipment.
0609 Financial Papers, Account Books, 1861–1877. 119 frames.
Major Topics: Cotton prices; European cotton use; wheat, corn, rye, and oat prices;
fertilizers; rental rates; purchases of morphine, food, clothing, and farm
equipment.
0728 Financial Papers, Account Books, 1883–1903. 185 frames.
Major Topics: Fertilizer; agricultural labor accounts; store accounts.
Box 7, James Burchell Richardson Papers
0913 Financial Papers, Account Books, 1894–1897. 110 frames.
Major Topics: Agricultural labor accounts; store accounts; cotton production; cash
advancements to cotton laborers; estate of F. J. Richardson; wages paid to
agricultural laborers.
Reel 19
James Burchell Richardson Papers cont.
Box 7, James Burchell Richardson Papers cont.
0001 Legal Papers, 1862–1880. 89 frames.
Major Topics: Slaves committed to road construction work during Civil War;
agreement with freedwoman to serve as house servant; agreements with
freedmen and freedwomen to work on Richardson’s plantations; land ownership;
rental agreements.
0090 Legal Papers, 1881–1893. 101 frames.
Major Topics: Taxation; lien agreements; hiring of Nora Ballard, daughter of Rachell
and Richard Ballard, to serve as house servant; land ownership; fertilizer
purchase; rental agreements; agricultural labor agreements.
0191 Legal Papers, 1894–1896. 128 frames.
Major Topics: Agricultural labor agreements; rental agreements; land ownership; lien
agreements; will and testament of Francis J. Richardson.
18
Frame No.
0319
Legal Papers, 1897–1909 and Undated. 133 frames.
Major Topics: Lien and rental agreements; agricultural labor agreement; M. D. Murry
v. A. F. Richardson (debt); settlement of Francis J. Richardson’s estate; land
ownership; agreement for [Anna] Gary to clean and cook for A. F. Richardson;
estate of A. F. Richardson; taxation.
Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers, 1807–1958 [1834–1918],
Yadkin County, North Carolina
This collection consists of correspondence, legal papers, financial records, and printed
material pertaining to Isaac Jarratt and the related Puryear, Clingman, and Pondexter families.
Isaac Jarratt was a cotton planter and slave trader of Huntsville, Yadkin County, North Carolina.
Correspondence reflects the activities of Isaac Jarratt and family in North Carolina. Jarratt and
his son ran a distillery in Fayetteville, North Carolina, in partnership with M. W. Sanderford.
Letters reveal labor arrangements with African Americans, negotiations with the sheriff
regarding amounts of revenue taxes due on whiskey, and the supply of corn for this business.
Numerous letters from relatives in Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas concern their experiences
as cotton planters and their relations with African American laborers, especially in Alabama.
Correspondence includes accounts with African American laborers and comments on their
activities and daily life. A letter, March 17, 1867, from Louis Poindexter, freedman, to his son
Alexander Logan, freedman, recounts his activities since the son was sold in Alabama by Isaac
Jarratt.
The account book, 1834–1881, documents Isaac Jarratt’s profit as a slave trader to
Alabama in 1833–1835 and as an employer of freedmen and freedwomen on his North Carolina
cotton plantation from 1872 to 1881. Plantation accounts record food, clothing, and other items
sold to African American laborers; rent; wages; and time lost to sickness, camp meetings,
election day, or other reasons. Another account book, 1865–1872, consists of postemancipation accounts with African American laborers reflecting work performed in the cotton
fields and purchases of food, seed, and clothing. Deductions include time lost for illness,
registering to vote, going to shows, and going home. A ledger, 1869–1870, of Jarratt and
Sanderford records the sale of gallons of whiskey to various persons for cash and produce.
0452
Introductory Materials, Map, List of Omissions. 4 frames.
Box 3, Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers
0456 Correspondence, 1861. 135 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; distillery business; secession politics; social
life; Civil War battles.
0591 Correspondence, 1862–1863. 262 frames.
Major Topics: Distillery business; family correspondence; land sales; Civil War; sale
of slaves; corn production.
0853 Correspondence, 1864–1866. 189 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; health of slaves; distillery business; Civil War.
19
Frame No.
Reel 20
Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers cont.
Box 3, Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers cont.
0001 Correspondence, 1867. 114 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; slavery; freedmen; agriculture; distillery
business; estate of Larkin Lynch.
0115 Correspondence, 1868. 84 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; estate of Larkin Lynch; murder case involving
Frank Cash; land sales.
0199 Correspondence, January–June 1869. 78 frames.
Major Topics: Corn production; family correspondence; social life; debts; freedmen;
agricultural laborers; sharecroppers.
0277 Correspondence, July–December 1869. 131 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; distillery business; rental agreement; corn
production.
Box 4, Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers
0408 Correspondence, 1870. 110 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; distillery business; conditions in California;
corn production; cotton production.
0518 Correspondence, 1871–1872. 71 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; accounts with agricultural laborers; estate of
Richard Clauselle Puryear; 1872 elections; estate of Larkin Lynch; pension claim
of Isaac Jarratt for War of 1812 service.
0589 Correspondence, 1873–1874. 94 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; pension claim of Isaac Jarratt for War of 1812
service; debts; problems finding cotton laborers.
0683 Correspondence, 1875–1876. 81 frames.
Major Topics: Wheat and corn production; family correspondence; pension claim of
Isaac Jarratt for War of 1812 service; cotton prices; social life.
0764 Correspondence, 1877. 62 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; cotton prices and production.
0826 Correspondence, 1878–1879. 50 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; cotton prices; pension claim of Isaac Jarratt
for War of 1812 service.
0876 Correspondence, 1880–1881. 169 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; estate of Richard Clauselle Puryear; Texas
farming conditions.
20
Frame No.
Reel 21
Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers cont.
Box 4, Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers cont.
0001 Correspondence, 1882–1883. 97 frames.
Major Topics: Richard Clingman Puryear law practice; family correspondence; North
Carolina politics; corn, cotton, and wheat production.
0098 Correspondence, 1884–1885. 79 frames.
Major Topics: Jarratt family finances; family correspondence; Richard Clingman
Puryear law practice.
0177 Correspondence, 1886. 125 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; debts; North Carolina politics.
0302 Correspondence, 1887–1889. 82 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Richard Clingman Puryear law practice; social
life.
0384 Correspondence, 1890. 108 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; religion; North Carolina politics.
0492 Correspondence, 1891–1918. 245 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; Richard Clingman Puryear law practice;
education; social life; agricultural equipment.
Box 5, Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers
0737 Correspondence, Undated (Mainly Pre-1866). 99 frames.
Major Topics: Social life; family correspondence.
0836 Correspondence, Undated (Mainly Pre-1866). 84 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; agriculture; distillery business.
0920 Correspondence, Undated (Mainly Pre-1866). 57 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; A. B. Clingman and Texas counterfeit case;
value of African American girls; land sales; cotton production and prices; Chinese
industrial laborers; African American industrial laborers.
Reel 22
Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers cont.
Box 5, Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers cont.
0001 Correspondence, Undated (Mainly Pre-1866). 98 frames.
Major Topics: Family correspondence; social life.
0099 Legal Papers, 1826–1888 [1861–1888] [Box 5]. 34 frames.
Major Topics: Debts of Jarratt and Puryear families; Richard Clauselle Puryear
estate; Isaac Jarratt estate; land sales.
0133 Legal Papers, 1870–1899. 93 frames.
Major Topics: Purchase of farm equipment; Richard Clingman Puryear law practice.
21
Frame No.
Box 6, Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers
0226 Bills and Receipts, 1860–1865 [Box 6]. 53 frames.
0279 Bills and Receipts, 1866–1885. 66 frames.
0345 Bills and Receipts, Undated (Mainly Pre-1866). 51 frames.
0396 Miscellany, Undated. 95 frames.
Major Topics: Financial records; list of slaves belong to Lewis [Williams’s] estate;
population statistics.
0491 Printed Material, Undated. 57 frames.
Major Topics: Religion; F. J. Murdoch; temperance; St. Mary’s School, Raleigh,
North Carolina; pianos; prices of food and farm equipment; medicine.
Bound Volumes, Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers
0548 M-1934, Isaac Jarratt, Account Book, 1834–1881. 67 frames.
Major Topics: Prices of slaves bought and sold; accounts with agricultural laborers.
0615 M-1935, Isaac Jarratt, Account Book, 1866–1871. 72 frames.
Major Topic: Accounts with agricultural laborers.
0687 L-1937, Jarratt and Sanderford, Ledger, 1869–1870. 37 frames.
Major Topic: Whiskey sales.
Reel 23
McDonald Furman Papers, 1827–1903 [1827–1873],
Sumter District, South Carolina
The materials filmed from the McDonald Furman Papers consist of a plantation book from
Cornhill plantation in Sumter District (later Clarendon County), South Carolina. The book was
kept by John Blount Miller from 1827 until the 1860s when his son-in-law, John H. Furman,
began to keep the records. This plantation book is very detailed and provides an in-depth look
at the functioning of the Cornhill plantation from the antebellum period into the early years of
Reconstruction. The records are particularly detailed regarding slaves and freedpersons. During
the antebellum period, the plantation book includes entries about labor and other tasks
performed by slaves; records of marriages, births, and deaths of slaves; food and clothing
issued to slaves in both winter and summer months; and rules to be followed in the treatment of
slaves. Other subjects recorded in the plantation book are weather; crop production and sales of
cotton; rules to be followed in the hiring of an overseer; and inventories of tools and animals on
the plantation. Records from the period after the Civil War detail John H. Furman’s business
relationships with freedmen and freedwomen.
0001
Introductory Materials, Map, List of Omissions. 3 frames.
Bound Volume, McDonald Furman Papers
0004 John Blount Miller and John H. Furman, Cornhill Plantation Book, Sumter District,
South Carolina, 1827–1873. 177 frames.
Major Topics: Slave labor; marriages, births, and deaths of slaves; food and clothing
issued to slaves; rules governing treatment of slaves; weather; crop production;
cotton sales; rules for hiring an overseer; inventories of tools and animals;
freedmen; freedwomen.
22
Frame No.
Sanders Family Papers, 1806–1929 [1850–1920],
Walterboro, Colleton District, South Carolina
Members of the Sanders family were sea island cotton and rice planters in Walterboro,
Colleton District, South Carolina. Correspondence from cotton factors describes the difficulties
of the immediate postwar cotton market and includes advice on standards of compensation for
freedmen. The financial papers include prices for the sale of slaves. This collection is
particularly interesting because it sheds light on the precarious fate of small planters in the late
nineteenth century.
0181
Introductory Materials, Map, List of Omissions. 4 frames.
Box 1, Sanders Family Papers
0185 Letters, 1838–1873 [1867–1873]. 6 frames.
Major Topics: Cotton sales; American Bible Society for South Carolina; Benjamin K.
Sanders.
0191 Letters, 1874–1925. 136 frames.
Major Topics: Finances; family correspondence; land ownership, sales, and rental;
cotton production and prices; hunting.
Box 2, Sanders Family Papers
0327 Financial Papers, 1850–[1920] and Undated. 106 frames.
Major Topics: Purchases of farm equipment, clothing, and food; wages paid to
plantation workers; legal fees; cotton sales; taxation; slaves owned by Derrill
Sanders.
0433 Miscellaneous, Undated. 62 frames.
Major Topics: Religion; Johnson Female University; sale of slaves; financial records;
legal fees.
23
SUBJECT INDEX
The following index is a guide to the major topics and personalities in this microform
publication. The first number after each entry refers to the reel, while the four-digit number
following the colon refers to the frame number at which a particular file folder containing
information on the subject begins. Hence, 7: 0451 directs the researcher to the folder that
begins at Frame 0451 of Reel 7. By referring to the Reel Index, which constitutes the initial
section of this guide, the researcher will find the folder title, inclusive dates, and a list of Major
Topics, listed in the order in which they appear on the film.
0191, 0319; 20: 0199, 0518, 0589;
22: 0548, 0615; 23: 0327
Agriculture
fertilizers 18: 0609, 0728; 19: 0090
general 2: 0316; 9: 0271; 12: 1082;
13: 0001, 0506, 0715; 15: 0001;
20: 0001, 0876; 21: 0836
see also Agricultural commodities
see also Agricultural labor
see also Farm equipment
see also Farming conditions
Alabama
business prospects in 7: 0724
Confederate army regiments 4: 0679
newspapers 13: 0252
state legislature 7: 0184
travel to 2: 0817, 0896, 0978; 3: 0001,
0074, 0146
see also Greensboro, Alabama
see also Huntsville, Alabama
see also Madison County, Alabama
see also Marengo County, Alabama
see also Mobile, Alabama
see also Normal, Alabama
Alabama Cotton Planters Association
2: 0316
Alabama Historical Society
11: 0174
Alcohol and alcoholic beverages
distillery business 19: 0456, 0591, 0853;
20: 0001, 0277, 0408; 21: 0836;
22: 0687
African Americans
agricultural laborers 1: 0004; 2: 0155,
0316, 0978; 7: 0451; 9: 0271;
14: 0540; 15: 0431; 16: 0136;
18: 0913; 19: 0001; 20: 0199;
22: 0548, 0615; 23: 0327
domestic servants 10: 0001; 19: 0001,
0090, 0319
girls, value of 21: 0920
industrial laborers 21: 0920
merchant, murder of 2: 0458
military personnel 4: 0244; 7: 0582
politicians 2: 0817
sharecroppers 20: 0199
see also Freedmen and freedwomen
see also Slaves and slavery
Agricultural and Mechanical College,
Normal, Alabama
13: 0715
Agricultural commodities
4: 0244; 15: 0001; 23: 0004
see also Corn
see also Cotton
see also Oats
see also Peas
see also Rice
see also Rye
see also Wheat
Agricultural labor
1: 0004; 2: 0155, 0316, 0978; 7: 0451;
9: 0271; 10: 0571; 13: 0506;
14: 0540; 15: 0431; 16: 0136;
18: 0728, 0913; 19: 0001, 0090,
25
Alcohol and alcoholic beverages cont.
see also Temperance
American Bible Society for South
Carolina
23: 0185
Amnesty
Lincoln, Abraham, amnesty
proclamation 4: 0136
see also Pardons
Argyle Island, Georgia
14: 0005, 0273; 15: 0116, 0246, 0431,
0510, 0593, 0696, 0760
Arkansas
see Helena, Arkansas
Armed forces
see Confederate army
see Military personnel, U.S.
see Union army
Army of Northern Virginia
13: 0506
Asian Americans
Chinese laborers 9: 0271; 21: 0920
Assassination
of Lincoln, Abraham 6: 0301; 7: 0844;
8: 0001; 13: 0506
see also Crime and criminals
Azores
4: 0334
Ballard, Nora
19: 0090
Ballard, Rachell
19: 0090
Ballard, Richard
19: 0090
Bank of Alabama
2: 0316
Bankruptcy
1: 0004
Banks and banking
Bank of Alabama 2: 0316
Importers and Traders Bank 3: 0560
Belgium
15: 0593, 0696, 0760
Benjamin, Judah P.
13: 0309
Berlin American Female Institute
4: 0001
Biographies
Watson, Henry 3: 0189, 0855
Births
of slaves 23: 0004
Black, Jeremiah
13: 0343
Blacksmiths
4: 0001
Bombardment
shelling of Charleston, South Carolina,
by Union army 14: 0273
Bonds
see Stocks and bonds
L. Brewer and Company
1: 0117
Briarfield Iron Works
2: 0316, 0458; 4: 0136
Buchanan, James
4: 0244
Bull Run, First Battle of
4: 0244
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and
Abandoned Lands
see Freedmen’s Bureau
Business
in Alabama 7: 0724
distillery 19: 0456, 0591, 0853;
20: 0001, 0277, 0408; 21: 0836;
22: 0687
insurance 3: 0470, 0861; 9: 0271, 0618,
0859; 10: 0001; 13: 0369
newspaper publishing 5: 0332
real estate
home sale 3: 0560
land sales 2: 0732, 0817; 3: 0074;
16: 0655, 0893; 17: 0671;
19: 0591; 20: 0115; 21: 0920;
22: 0099; 23: 0191
land speculation, Minnesota
10: 0001
see also Agriculture
see also Banks and banking
see also Commission merchants
see also Cotton factors
see also Iron and steel industry
see also Lumber industry
Butler, Benjamin F.
4: 0244
26
papers 4: 0353–0872; 5: 0001–0773;
6: 0001–0833; 7: 0001–0844;
8: 0001–0750; 9: 0001–0859;
10: 0001–0937; 11: 0001–1187;
12: 0001–1082; 13: 0001–1035
pardoned by Andrew Johnson 7: 0184
prison correspondence 6: 0461, 0685;
7: 0013, 0316
release from Fort Monroe 7: 0451, 0582
return from Canada 6: 0301
Clay, Clement Comer
13: 0489
Clay, Clement Comer, Mrs.
13: 0506
Clay, Henry
4: 0244
Clay, J. Withers
5: 0332, 0575
Clay, Virginia Caroline Tunstall
correspondence
with Clay, Clement Claiborne, at Fort
Monroe 6: 0461, 0685; 7: 0013
with Davis, Jefferson 9: 0001, 0271,
0618, 0859; 10: 0001, 0241;
11: 0174
with Johnson, Andrew 7: 0013, 0184
to secure husband’s release from
Fort Monroe 6: 0461
diary 13: 0859–1035
general 7: 0724; 8: 0463
personal property seized by Union army
7: 0184
see also Clopton, Virginia Clay
Clingman, A. B.
21: 0920
Clopton, Virginia Clay
correspondence with Jefferson Davis
12: 0174, 0410
general 13: 0506, 0715
see also Clay, Virginia Caroline Tunstall
Clothing
commission merchants—sales 1: 0284,
0455, 0511; 18: 0001–0609
issued to slaves 23: 0004
Cohen, Hanckel, and Company
16: 0001
Colleges and universities
Agricultural and Mechanical College,
Normal, Alabama 13: 0715
Butt and Foster
2: 0155
California
20: 0408
Canada
5: 0773; 6: 0001, 0301; 13: 0309
Canals
building of 15: 0246
Capers, William
14: 0005, 0157, 0273
Cash, Frank
20: 0115
Census statistics
4: 0244
Charleston, South Carolina
14: 0005–0888; 15: 0001–0760
Charleston Light Dragoons
14: 0157
Chinese laborers
9: 0271; 21: 0920
Churches
Mariners Church and Institute, Antwerp,
Belgium 10: 0571
see also Religion
see also Religious organizations
Civil rights
legislation 4: 0136; 10: 0241
see also Habeas corpus
Civil War
1: 0578, 0734, 0971; 2: 0001; 4: 0244,
0353, 0559, 0679, 0872; 5: 0001,
0332, 0575, 0773; 6: 0001, 0157,
0301; 13: 0506; 14: 0157, 0273,
0440; 15: 0836; 19: 0001, 0456,
0591, 0853
Battle of Shiloh 4: 0679
First Battle of Bull Run 4: 0244
see also Confederate army
see also Confederate States of America
see also Prisoners of war
see also Secession
see also Union army
Clark, Charles
3: 0681
Clay, Clement Claiborne
and 1860 election 10: 0571
1863 Confederate Senate campaign
5: 0575
imprisonment at Fort Monroe 6: 0301
27
Treasury 5: 0001
see also Confederate army
Confiscation
bill 4: 0244
see also Expropriation
Congress, Confederate
4: 0244; 5: 0773
Connecticut
4: 0244
Constitutional law
see Habeas corpus
Construction
see Road construction
Consular service and consulates
Belgian, in Charleston, South Carolina
15: 0593, 0696, 0760
Contracts
see Farming contracts
see Labor contracts
see Rental agreements
Cooking and food preparation
African American cook 10: 0001
see also Food
Corn
prices 18: 0609
production 14: 0157; 19: 0591;
20: 0199, 0277, 0408, 0683;
21: 0001
Cornhill plantation, Sumter District,
South Carolina
23: 0004
Cotton
in Europe 18: 0609
plantations
Colleton District, South Carolina
23: 0185–0327
Greensboro, Alabama 2: 0155–
0896; 3: 0505, 0560, 0636,
0861; 4: 0170
Huntsville, Alabama 5: 0001, 0575;
6: 0301; 7: 0724; 8: 0154–0750;
9: 0271, 0859; 10: 0001, 0241;
11: 0001, 0890; 13: 0369, 0715;
14: 0440
Marengo County, Alabama 1: 0455,
0511
Sumter District, South Carolina
15: 0836; 18: 0001, 0121, 0189,
0284, 0371, 0913; 23: 0004
Colleges and universities cont.
Harvard University 2: 0896
Johnson Female University 23: 0433
Smith College 2: 0817
Yale College 14: 0440; 15: 0246
Colleton District, South Carolina
23: 0185–0433
Colonization
4: 0244
Commission merchants
Cohen, Hanckel, and Company
16: 0001
William H. Ross and Company 1: 0117,
0284
sales
clothing 1: 0284, 0455, 0511;
18: 0001–0609; 23: 0327
farm equipment 1: 0284, 0455,
0511; 3: 0422, 0636; 18: 0001–
0609; 22: 0133, 0491; 23: 0327
fertilizer 19: 0090
food 1: 0284, 0455, 0511; 3: 0422,
0636; 18: 0001–0609; 22: 0491;
23: 0327
laudanum 18: 0465
morphine 18: 0609
tobacco 16: 0469
see also Cotton factors
Confederate army
Alabama regiments 4: 0679
Army of Northern Virginia 13: 0506
Charleston Light Dragoons 14: 0157
Chickasaw Guards 10: 0937
general 4: 0353, 0559, 0679, 0872;
5: 0001, 0575, 0773; 6: 0157, 0301;
14: 0005
Manigault, Alfred and Gabriel—Civil War
service 14: 0440
Confederate States of America
Clay, Clement Claiborne, and 12: 0174
Congress 4: 0244; 5: 0773
cotton purchase 5: 0773
currency 4: 0136
Davis, Jefferson—inaugural address
4: 0244
diplomatic matters 13: 0309
legislation 4: 0244
political matters 4: 0872; 5: 0332;
6: 0001, 0157; 13: 0309
28
Yadkin County, North Carolina
20: 0408, 0683, 0764, 0826;
21: 0001, 0920
prices 2: 0649; 14: 0440; 16: 0001;
18: 0609; 20: 0683, 0764, 0826;
21: 0920; 23: 0191
production 1: 0829; 2: 0316, 0458,
0568, 0896; 3: 0560, 0861; 4: 0170;
10: 0241; 13: 0369, 0715; 15: 0836;
18: 0913; 20: 0408, 0764; 21: 0001,
0920; 23: 0191
purchases by Confederate States of
America 5: 0773
sales 1: 0004, 0117; 2: 0155, 0568,
0732; 3: 0505, 0560, 0636; 9: 0859;
11: 0001, 0890; 13: 0369, 0506,
0715; 18: 0001, 0121, 0189, 0284,
0371; 23: 0004, 0185, 0327
U.S. government seizure of 3: 0325,
0681
see also Alabama Cotton Planters
Association
see also Cotton factors
Cotton factors
L. Brewer and Company 1: 0117
Butt and Foster 2: 0155
T. S. Fry and Company 1: 0117
general 2: 0316, 0458, 0817
Howards and Smith 15: 0001
Robins, Wilson, and Company 1: 0117
sales by 1: 0004, 0117
H. A. Stollenwreck and Brothers 2: 0817
Young and Jones 1: 0117
see also Commission merchants
Councill, W. H.
13: 0715
Counterfeiting and forgery
Texas case 21: 0920
Crime and criminals
arrests 6: 0301; 12: 0174
counterfeiting 21: 0920
murder 2: 0458; 11: 0001, 0174;
20: 0115
see also Assassination
see also Prisoners, Confederate
see also Treason
Currency
4: 0136; 5: 0001
Davis, Jefferson
Confederate presidential inaugural
address 4: 0244
correspondence
with Clay, Clement Claiborne
9: 0001, 0271, 0618
with Clay, Virginia Caroline Tunstall
9: 0001, 0271, 0618, 0859;
10: 0001, 0241; 11: 0174
with Clopton, Virginia Clay 12: 0174,
0410
Fort Monroe imprisonment 6: 0301
general 4: 0353, 0679; 6: 0001, 0157;
7: 0316; 10: 0571; 13: 0309, 0343,
0506
Deaths
of Clay, Clement Claiborne 12: 0001
see also Mortality
see also Murder
Debt
landowners 1: 0284; 10: 0241; 20: 0199,
0589; 21: 0177; 22: 0099
Edwin W. Moise v. Francis J.
Richardson 18: 0284
M. D. Murry v. A. F. Richardson
19: 0319
see also Bankruptcy
see also Finances, personal
see also Liens
see also Loans
Delaware
see Fort Delaware, Delaware
Delfosse, Maurice
15: 0593
Delta Beta Phi fraternity
14: 0440, 0540, 0765, 0888; 15: 0001,
0116, 0593
Democratic Party
10: 0241
Denniston, Edward E.
3: 0560
Department of the Treasury
see Treasury Department, U.S.
Depression of 1837–1838
4: 0170
Diplomatic matters
Belgian consulate, Charleston, South
Carolina 15: 0593, 0696, 0760
Confederate States of America 13: 0309
29
Diseases and disorders
yellow fever epidemic 4: 0136
Distillery business
19: 0456, 0591, 0853; 20: 0001, 0277,
0408; 21: 0836; 22: 0687
District of Columbia
see Washington, D.C.
Domestic service
10: 0001; 18: 0189; 19: 0001, 0090,
0319
Drugs
see Medicines and pharmaceuticals
Earle, Ferdinand Pinney
13: 0506
East Feliciana, Louisiana
14: 0440
Economic conditions
Alabama 2: 0978; 7: 0724
depression of 1837–1838 4: 0170
see also Business
see also Employment
see also Farming conditions
see also Wages and salaries
Education
15: 0001; 21: 0492
see also Colleges and universities
see also Schools
Elections
Confederate Senate, 1863 5: 0575,
0773
U.S. presidential
1860 4: 0244; 10: 0571
1864 6: 0001
1872 20: 0518
Elliot, Sarah J. C.
16: 0136
Employment
10: 0937; 11: 1053; 16: 0136, 0469
see also Agricultural labor
see also Domestic service
see also Industrial labor
see also Labor
see also Labor contracts
see also Wages and salaries
Europe
1: 0734, 0829, 0971
Exploration
of Salt Lake (Utah) 2: 0732
voyage to Fayal [Azores] 4: 0334
Expropriation
government, U.S., seizure of cotton
3: 0325, 0681
Union army seizure of Virginia Clay’s
personal property 7: 0184
see also Confiscation
Factors
see Commission merchants
see Cotton factors
Farm equipment
commission merchants—sales of
1: 0284, 0455, 0511; 3: 0422, 0636;
18: 0001–0609; 22: 0133, 0491;
23: 0327
Farm equipment cont.
fertilizers 18: 0609, 0728; 19: 0090
general 15: 0116; 21: 0492
Farming conditions
Greensboro, Alabama 1: 0829
Huntsville, Alabama 5: 0001, 0575;
6: 0301; 7: 0724; 8: 0154–0750;
9: 0271, 0859; 10: 0241
Savannah River islands, Georgia
14: 0888
Texas 20: 0876
Farming contracts
2: 0458
Fayetteville, North Carolina
19: 0456, 0591, 0853; 20: 0001, 0277,
0408; 21: 0836; 22: 0687
Fertilizers
18: 0609, 0728; 19: 0090
Fibers and fabrics
see Cotton
Finances, personal
of Clay, Clement Claiborne 7: 0844;
9: 0859; 13: 0568, 0632, 0715
of Jarratt family 21: 0098; 22: 0226,
0279, 0345, 0396
of Manigault, Louis 15: 0593
of Puryear family 22: 0226, 0279, 0345,
0396
of Richardson, James Burchell
17: 0671; 18: 0001–0913
of Sanders family 23: 0191, 0327, 0433
of Watson, Henry, Jr. 1: 0829; 2: 0649;
3: 0422, 0505–0681, 0800
of Wood, Samuel O. 1: 0117
see also Bankruptcy
30
see also Debt
see also Income
see also Investments
see also Loans
see also Stocks and bonds
see also Taxation
Food
commission merchants—sales 1: 0284,
0455, 0511; 3: 0422, 0636;
18: 0001–0609; 22: 0491; 23: 0327
issued to slaves 23: 0004
scarcity of 5: 0001
see also Cooking and food preparation
Fort Delaware, Delaware
prison for Confederate soldiers 14: 0273
Fort Monroe, Virginia
prison for Confederate soldiers 6: 0301,
0461, 0685; 7: 0013, 0316, 0451,
0582; 13: 0343
France
4: 0244
Fraternal organizations
Delta Beta Phi 14: 0440, 0540, 0765,
0888; 15: 0001, 0116, 0593
Freedmen and freedwomen
3: 0505; 4: 0136; 16: 0001, 0136;
19: 0001; 20: 0001, 0199; 23: 0004
Freedmen’s Bureau
2: 0458; 3: 0505; 4: 0170; 7: 0844;
8: 0463
T. S. Fry and Company
1: 0117
Fugitive slave law
Vermont anti–fugitive slave law
legislation 4: 0244
Furman, John H.
23: 0004
Furman, McDonald
Papers 23: 0004
Gary, [Anna]
19: 0319
Gayle, C. S.
3: 0470
Gay’s Landing, Marengo County,
Alabama
1: 0455, 0511
Genealogy
3: 0885
General Order No. 72
4: 0244
Georgia
see Argyle Island, Georgia
see Savannah, Georgia
see Savannah River islands, Georgia
Germany
4: 0244
Gold sales
3: 0681
Government, Confederate
see Confederate States of America
Government, U.S.
cotton seizure 3: 0325, 0681
Treasury Department 3: 0325
War Department 4: 0244
Freedmen’s Bureau 2: 0458;
3: 0505; 4: 0170; 7: 0844;
8: 0463
Gowrie plantation, Argyle Island, Georgia
14: 0005, 0273; 15: 0116–0760
Grains and grain products
corn 14: 0157; 18: 0609; 19: 0591;
20: 0199, 0277, 0408, 0683;
21: 0001
oats 18: 0609
rice 14: 0005, 0157, 0273, 0540;
15: 0001, 0246, 0431, 0510, 0593,
0696
rye 18: 0609
wheat 18: 0609
Grant, Ulysses S.
4: 0244; 6: 0685
Greeley, Horace
6: 0001; 13: 0309
Greensboro, Alabama
1: 0578–0971; 2: 0001–0978; 3: 0001–
0885; 4: 0001–0244
Habeas corpus
4: 0244
Hagin, George W.
3: 0422
Hale County, Alabama
see Greensboro, Alabama
Hampshire Bar Association
4: 0103
Hardeeville, South Carolina
15: 0696, 0760
31
Planters Insurance Company 3: 0470,
0861
Investments
Watson, Henry, Jr. 3: 0505
see also Finances, personal
see also Stocks and bonds
Iron and steel industry
blacksmith, hiring of 4: 0001
Briarfield Iron Works 2: 0316, 0458;
4: 0136
general 3: 0861
see also Minerals and stone resources
Jarratt, Isaac
20: 0518, 0589, 0683, 0826; 22: 0099
Jarratt family
Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers
19: 0456–0853; 20: 0001–0876;
21: 0001–0920; 22: 0001–0687
Johnson, Andrew
6: 0685; 7: 0013, 0184, 0844; 8: 0001;
13: 0343
Johnson Female University
23: 0433
Judge Advocate General, U.S. Army
Lincoln, Abraham, assassination report
7: 0844
Labor
blacksmith 4: 0001
by Chinese 9: 0271; 21: 0920
slave 1: 0004; 15: 0836; 23: 0004
see also Agricultural labor
see also Domestic service
see also Employment
see also Industrial labor
see also Labor contracts
see also Labor organizations
see also Sharecroppers
see also Slaves and slavery
Labor contracts
agricultural laborers 19: 0191
for domestic service 19: 0001, 0090,
0319
with freedmen 16: 0136
Labor organizations
Industrial Congress of Negroes 13: 0715
Ladies Memorial Association
10: 0571
Lamar, Lucius Q. C.
10: 0241
Harvard University
2: 0896
Health conditions
in Huntsville, Alabama 5: 0332
of slaves 19: 0853
yellow fever epidemic 4: 0136
see also Medical supplies and
equipment
see also Medicines and
pharmaceuticals
Helena, Arkansas
racial violence in 8: 0750
Heyward, Daniel
15: 0116
Heyward, James B.
15: 0246, 0431, 0510, 0593, 0696, 0760
Home furnishings
3: 0800
House servants
see Domestic service
Howard, Oliver Otis
2: 0458
Howards and Smith
15: 0001
Huntsville, Alabama
4: 0353–0872; 5: 0001–0773; 6: 0001–
0833; 7: 0001–0844; 8: 0001–0750;
9: 0001–0859; 10: 0001–0937;
11: 0001–1187; 12: 0001–1082;
13: 0001–1035
Illinois
see Rock Island, Illinois
Importers and Traders Bank
3: 0560
Income
see Finances, personal
see Taxation
Industrial Congress of Negroes
13: 0715
Industrial labor
21: 0920
Industry
see Iron and steel industry
see Lumber industry
Insurance
Clay, Clement Claiborne, business
9: 0271, 0618, 0859; 10: 0001;
13: 0369
32
Land ownership
Clay, Clement Claiborne 7: 0582, 0724,
0844; 8: 0154, 0463; 10: 0001,
0241, 0571
Manigault, Louis 14: 0273
Peck, Frederic 4: 0001
Richardson, James Burchell 16: 0347,
0655; 17: 0363, 0671; 19: 0001,
0090, 0191, 0319
sales 2: 0732; 0817; 3: 0074; 7: 0724;
16: 0655, 0893; 17: 0671; 19: 0591;
20: 0115; 21: 0920; 22: 0099;
23: 0191
Sanders, Benjamin K. 23: 0191
United States v. Clement Claiborne Clay
6: 0685; 7: 0582
Watson, Henry, Jr. 2: 0001; 3: 0074,
0276, 0636, 0800
Wood, Samuel O. 1: 0004, 0117
see also Property rights
see also Property value
see also Real estate business
see also Rental agreements
Laudanum
18: 0465
Law
see Lawyers and legal services
see Legal cases
see Legislation
see Wills and probate
Lawyers and legal services
for Clay, Clement Claiborne 6: 0461
Hampshire Bar Association 4: 0103
legal fees 1: 0455, 0511; 23: 0327, 0433
Puryear, Richard Clingman 21: 0001,
0098, 0302, 0492; 22: 0133
see also Judge Advocate General, U.S.
Army
see also Legal cases
Leases
see Rental agreements
Legal cases
Edwin W. Moise v. Francis J.
Richardson 18: 0284
M. D. Murry v. A. F. Richardson
19: 0319
Texas counterfeiting case 21: 0920
United States v. Clement Claiborne Clay
6: 0685; 7: 0582
see also Wills and probate
Legislation
civil rights bill 4: 0136; 10: 0241
confiscation bill 4: 0244
Vermont anti–fugitive slave law
legislation 4: 0244
see also State statutes
Liens
15: 0510; 16: 0136, 0347, 0469;
19: 0090, 0191, 0319
see also Debt
Lincoln, Abraham
4: 0136, 0244; 6: 0301; 7: 0844;
8: 0001; 13: 0506
Loans
1: 0004
Louisiana
see East Feliciana, Louisiana
see New Orleans, Louisiana
Loyalty resolutions
Alabama 7: 0184
Lumber industry
10: 0571
Lynch, Larkin
20: 0001, 0115, 0518
Madison County, Alabama
Bible Society 13: 0715
see also Huntsville, Alabama
Mallory, S. R.
13: 0309
Manigault, Alfred
14: 0440
Manigault, Gabriel
14: 0273, 0440, 0888; 15: 0001, 0116
Manigault, Louis
Papers 14: 0005–0888; 15: 0001–0760
Marengo County, Alabama
1: 0004–0511
Mariners Church and Institute, Antwerp,
Belgium
10: 0571
Marriages
of slaves 23: 0004
Massachusetts
4: 0244
see also Northampton, Massachusetts
Medical supplies and equipment
22: 0491
see also Medicines and
pharmaceuticals
33
Medicines and pharmaceuticals
laudanum 18: 0465
morphine 18: 0609
Merrill, Ayres P.
10: 0571
Migration
to Texas 1: 0117
Military personnel, U.S.
African American 4: 0244; 7: 0582
in Greensboro, Alabama 2: 0458
Military supplies and equipment
4: 0559
Miller, John Blount
23: 0004
Minerals and stone resources
4: 0244
see also Iron and steel industry
Minnesota
land speculation in 10: 0001
Mobile, Alabama
4: 0679
Edwin W. Moise v. Francis J. Richardson
18: 0284
Morphine
18: 0609
Mortality
of slaves 23: 0004
see also Deaths
Murder
of African American merchant 2: 0458
involving Cash, Frank 20: 0115
of Tunstall, John Henry 11: 0001, 0174
see also Assassination
Murdoch, F. J.
22: 0491
M. D. Murry v. A. F. Richardson
19: 0319
Nashville, Tennessee
4: 0679
New Mexico
11: 0001, 0174
New Orleans, Louisiana
4: 0244, 0679
Newspapers
Alabama 13: 0252
Clay, J. Withers, business 5: 0332, 0575
Normal, Alabama
13: 0715
Northampton, Massachusetts
1: 0578; 3: 0885; 4: 0103
North Carolina
politics 21: 0001, 0177, 0384
see also Fayetteville, North Carolina
see also Raleigh, North Carolina
see also Yadkin County, North Carolina
Oats
prices 18: 0609
Opium
see Laudanum
Orrick, John C.
2: 0458
Overseers
cotton plantations
Greensboro, Alabama 2: 0568,
0649; 3: 0422
hiring of 23: 0004
rice plantations
Argyle Island, Georgia 14: 0005,
0157, 0273
Pardons
of Clay, Clement Claiborne 7: 0184,
0582
see also Amnesty
Parrish, John H.
3: 0422
Peas
production 14: 0157
Peck, Frederic
4: 0001
Pendleton, George H.
13: 0309
Pensions
War of 1812 service 20: 0518, 0589,
0683, 0826
Personal property
see Wills and probate
Phillips, Philip, Mrs.
4: 0872
Pine Ville Jockey Club
15: 0836
Planters associations
Alabama Cotton Planters Association
2: 0316
Planters Insurance Company
3: 0470, 0861
Poetry
4: 0001
34
Political parties and organizations
Democratic Party 10: 0241
Republican Party 10: 0241
Politics
African Americans in 2: 0817
general 11: 0890, 1053
North Carolina 21: 0001, 0177, 0384
North/South divisions 1: 0578; 4: 0353
Reconstruction 2: 0458, 0649; 7: 0184,
0451, 0582; 8: 0463; 10: 0241
South Carolina 16: 0893; 17: 0755,
0921
see also Democratic Party
see also Elections
see also Government, U.S.
see also Republican Party
see also Secession
see also Suffrage
Population characteristics
22: 0396
see also Census statistics
Port Royal, South Carolina
4: 0244
Prices
corn 18: 0609
cotton 2: 0649; 14: 0440; 16: 0001;
18: 0609; 20: 0683, 0764, 0826;
21: 0920; 23: 0191
oat 18: 0609
rice 15: 0246
rye 18: 0609
wheat 18: 0609
Printing and publishing
memoirs of Virginia Clay 7: 0724;
8: 0463
see also Newspapers
Prisoners, Confederate
Clay, Clement Claiborne 6: 0461, 0685,
0833; 7: 0001, 0013, 0184, 0316,
0451, 0582; 12: 0174; 13: 0343
Manigault, Gabriel 14: 0273
United States v. Clement Claiborne Clay
6: 0685; 7: 0582
see also Prisoners of war
see also Prisons
Prisoners of war
1: 0829; 2: 0155
see also Prisoners, Confederate
see also Prisons
Prisons
for Confederate soldiers
Fort Delaware, Delaware 14: 0273
Fort Monroe, Virginia 6: 0301, 0461,
0685; 7: 0013, 0316, 0451,
0582; 13: 0343
Rock Island, Illinois 6: 0157
Saint Albans, Vermont 6: 0157
see also Prisoners, Confederate
see also Prisoners of war
Property
see Expropriation
see Land ownership
see Property rights
see Property value
see Real estate business
see Rental agreements
see Wills and probate
Property rights
7: 0582, 0844; 8: 0154, 0463
Property value
2: 0001; 3: 0505–0681
Puryear, Richard Clauselle
20: 0518, 0876; 22: 0099
Puryear, Richard Clingman
21: 0001, 0098, 0302, 0492; 22: 0133
Puryear family
Jarratt-Puryear Family Papers
19: 0456–0853; 20: 0001–0876;
21: 0001–0920; 22: 0001–0687
Racial violence
in Greensboro, Alabama 2: 0458
in Helena, Arkansas 8: 0750
Raleigh, North Carolina
22: 0491
Real estate business
land sales 2: 0732, 0817; 3: 0074;
7: 0724; 16: 0655, 0893; 17: 0671;
19: 0591; 20: 0115; 21: 0920;
22: 0099; 23: 0191
land speculation, Minnesota 10: 0001
sale of Henry Watson Jr. home 3: 0560
see also Land ownership
see also Rental agreements
Reconstruction
Alabama loyalty resolution 7: 0184
political matters 2: 0458, 0649; 7: 0184,
0451, 0582; 8: 0463; 10: 0241
see also Freedmen’s Bureau
35
Recreation and leisure
hunting 23: 0191
pianos 22: 0491
see also Sports and athletics
Reed, Julius A.
4: 0334
Religion
5: 0332; 21: 0384; 22: 0491; 23: 0433
see also Churches
see also Religious organizations
Religious organizations
American Bible Society for South
Carolina 23: 0185
Madison County Bible Society 13: 0715
see also Churches
Rental agreements
2: 0316, 0458, 0817; 3: 0074; 15: 0593;
16: 0347, 0469, 0893; 18: 0609;
19: 0001, 0090, 0191, 0319;
20: 0277
Republican Party
10: 0241
Retail trade
13: 0506; 18: 0728, 0913
see also Commission merchants
see also Cotton factors
Rice
Howards and Smith 15: 0001
plantations
Colleton District, South Carolina
23: 0185–0327
Savannah River islands, Georgia
14: 0005–0273, 0888; 15: 0001–
0760
prices 15: 0246
production 14: 0005, 0157, 0273, 0540;
15: 0001, 0246, 0431, 0510, 0593,
0696
sales 15: 0116, 0431, 0510
Richardson, A. F.
19: 0319
Richardson, Francis J.
18: 0913; 19: 0191, 0319
Richardson, J. A. M., Mrs.
17: 0671
Richardson, James Burchell
Papers 15: 0836; 16: 0001–0893;
17: 0001–0921; 18: 0001–0913;
19: 0001–0319
Road construction
19: 0001
Robins, Wilson, and Company
1: 0117, 0284
Rock Island, Illinois
prison for Confederate soldiers 6: 0157
William H. Ross and Company
1: 0117, 0284
Runaway slaves
5: 0001; 14: 0005
see also Fugitive slave law
Rye
prices 18: 0609
Saint Albans, Vermont
prison for Confederate soldiers 6: 0157
St. Mary’s School, Raleigh, North
Carolina
22: 0491
Salt Lake, Utah
2: 0732
Sampson, Myra M.
“A History of the Watson
Family: Eminent in Northampton,
1860–1948” 3: 0885
Sanders, Benjamin K.
23: 0185–0433
Sanders, Burrell
23: 0185–0433
Sanders, Derrill
23: 0327
Sanders family
Papers 23: 0185–0433
Savannah, Georgia
15: 0510, 0593
Savannah River islands, Georgia
14: 0005–0273, 0888; 15: 0001–0760
Schools
Berlin American Female Institute
4: 0001
St. Mary’s School, Raleigh, North
Carolina 22: 0491
see also Colleges and universities
Scott, Winfield
4: 0244
Secession
1: 0578; 4: 0170, 0353; 10: 0571;
14: 0005; 19: 0456
see also Politics
36
Seized property
see Expropriation
Sharecroppers
20: 0199
see also Liens
see also Rental agreements
Shiloh, Battle of
4: 0679
Silk Hope plantation, Savannah River
islands, Georgia
14: 0888; 15: 0001, 0116
Slaves and slavery
1: 0004, 0578; 3: 0505; 4: 0001, 0170,
0193, 0244; 5: 0001, 0332, 0575;
14: 0005; 15: 0836; 19: 0001, 0853;
20: 0001; 21: 0920; 22: 0396;
23: 0004, 0327
see also Slave trade
Slave trade
4: 0244; 19: 0591; 22: 0548; 23: 0433
Smith College
2: 0817
Social life
5: 0001; 10: 0001, 0241, 0571, 0937;
11: 0372, 0718, 1187; 12: 0623,
0788; 13: 0506; 14: 0157, 0765;
15: 0116; 17: 0001, 0921; 19: 0456;
20: 0199, 0683; 21: 0302, 0492,
0737; 22: 0001
see also Recreation and leisure
see also Sports and athletics
South Carolina
Charleston Light Dragoons 14: 0157
political matters 16: 0893; 17: 0755,
0921
see also Charleston, South Carolina
see also Colleton District, South
Carolina
see also Hardeeville, South Carolina
see also Spartanburg, South Carolina
see also Sumter District, South Carolina
see also Walterboro, South Carolina
Spartanburg, South Carolina
15: 0760
Sports and athletics
Pine Ville Jockey Club 15: 0836
see also Recreation and leisure
Stanton, E. M.
13: 0343
State legislatures
Alabama 7: 0184
State statutes
Alabama—Canebrake Agricultural
District 4: 0136
State statutes cont.
Vermont—anti–fugitive slave law
legislation 4: 0244
Stevens, Thaddeus
6: 0461; 7: 0013
Stocks and bonds
markets 4: 0136, 0244
Watson, Henry, Jr. 3: 0636, 0681, 0800
H. A. Stollenwreck and Brothers
2: 0817
Suffrage
13: 0001
Sumner, Charles
4: 0244; 10: 0241
Sumter District, South Carolina
15: 0836; 16: 0001–0893; 17: 0001–
0921; 18: 0001–0913; 19: 0001–
0319; 23: 0004
Surratt, Mary E.
13: 0506
Taxation
Clay, Clement Claiborne 9: 0859
Richardson, James Burchell 16: 0136;
18: 0064, 0465; 19: 0090, 0319
Sanders family 23: 0327
Watson, Henry, Jr. 2: 0155, 0568, 0896,
0978; 3: 0001, 0074, 0422, 0505,
0636, 0681, 0761; 4: 0103, 0170,
0244
Temperance
22: 0491
Tenancy
see Rental agreements
Tennessee
2: 0732; 4: 0244
see also Nashville, Tennessee
Texas
1: 0117; 20: 0876; 21: 0920
Tobacco
16: 0469
Toombs, Robert
13: 0343
37
Washington, D.C.
4: 0559
Watson, Arthur
4: 0103
Watson, Frederic
2: 0316, 0458
Watson, Harriet
3: 0505
Watson, Henry, Jr.
Papers 1: 0578–0971; 2: 0001–0978;
3: 0001–0885; 4: 0001–0334
Watson, Julia
2: 0316, 0458; 3: 0325
Watson, Margaret
4: 0170
Watson, Sereno
3: 0276, 0505, 0560; 4: 0136, 0170
Webb, Alex
2: 0458
Wheat
prices 18: 0609
production 20: 0683; 21: 0001
Williams, Lewis
22: 0396
Wills and probate
Clay, Clement Comer 13: 0489
Jarratt, Isaac 22: 0099
Lynch, Larkin 20: 0001, 0115, 0518
Puryear, Richard Clauselle 20: 0518,
0876; 22: 0099
Richardson, A. F. 19: 0319
Richardson, Francis J. 18: 0913;
19: 0191, 0319
Richardson, J. A. M., Mrs. 17: 0671
Watson, Sereno 3: 0276
see also Lawyers and legal services
Women
Berlin American Female Institute
4: 0001
Clay, Clement Comer, Mrs. 13: 0506
Clay, Susanna Claiborne Withers
4: 0353–0872, 5: 0001–0773;
6: 0001–0833;
7: 0013–0844
Clay, Virginia Caroline Tunstall 4: 0353–
0872; 5: 0001–0773; 6: 0001–0833;
7: 0001–0844; 8: 0001–0750;
9: 0001–0859; 10: 0001–0937;
Travel
to Alabama 2: 0817, 0896, 0978;
3: 0001, 0074, 0146
to Azores 4: 0334
to Canada 5: 0773
to Europe 1: 0734
see also Exploration
Treason
4: 0872; 5: 0001, 0332
Treasury, Confederate States of America
5: 0001
Treasury Department, U.S.
3: 0325
Tunstall, John Henry
11: 0001, 0174
Union army
in Charleston, South Carolina 14: 0273
general 14: 0005, 0157
in Greensboro, Alabama 2: 0458
in Huntsville, Alabama 4: 0679; 5: 0332–
0773
United Daughters of the Confederacy
13: 0001, 0506
United States v. Clement Claiborne Clay
6: 0685; 7: 0582
Utah
Salt Lake 2: 0732
Vermont
anti–fugitive slave law legislation
4: 0244
Saint Albans prison for Confederate
soldiers 6: 0157
Virginia
see Fort Monroe, Virginia
Voting rights
see Suffrage
Wages and salaries
agricultural labor 2: 0978; 18: 0913;
23: 0327
cotton laborers’ nonpayment claim
16: 0136
for domestic service 18: 0189
Walterboro, South Carolina
23: 0185–0433
War Department
4: 0244
see also Freedmen’s Bureau
War of 1812
20: 0518, 0589, 0683, 0826
38
11: 0001–1187; 12: 0001–1082;
13: 0001–1035
Johnson Female University 23: 0433
Phillips, Philip, Mrs. 4: 0872
Pickett, Mary 20: 0115–0876; 21: 0001–
0492
Richardson, Dorothy 15: 0836;
16: 0001–0893; 17: 0001–0363
St. Mary’s School 22: 0491
suffrage 13: 0001
Watson, Harriet 3: 0505
Watson, Margaret 4: 0170
see also Social life
see also Women’s organizations
Women’s organizations
Ladies Memorial Association 10: 0571
United Daughters of the Confederacy
13: 0001, 0506
Wood, Samuel O.
Papers and Account Books 1: 0004–
0511
Yadkin County, North Carolina
19: 0456–0853; 20: 0001–0876;
21: 0001–0920; 22: 0001–0687
Yale College
14: 0440; 15: 0246
Yancey, William L.
11: 0890
Yellow fever epidemic
4: 0136
Young and Jones
1: 0117
39
RECORDS OF SOUTHERN PLANTATIONS
FROM EMANCIPATION TO THE GREAT MIGRATION
Series A: Selections from the Rare Book, Manuscript,
and Special Collections Library, Duke University
Part 1: Alabama and South Carolina Plantations
Part 2: North Carolina and Virginia Plantations
Part 3: Georgia and Florida Plantations
RELATED UPA COLLECTIONS
Records of Ante-Bellum Southern Plantations
from the Revolution through the Civil War
Black Workers in the Era of the Great Migration, 1916–1929
The Peonage Files of the U.S. Department of Justice, 1901–1945
Race, Slavery, and Free Blacks:
Petitions to Southern Legislatures, 1777–1867
Records of the National Negro Business League
Slavery in Ante-Bellum Southern Industries
Southern Women and Their Families in the 19th Century
UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA
www.lexisnexis.com/academic