‘ 西 安 工 程 大 学 学 报 J ournal of Xi ’ an Pol yt e chni c Uni ve rs i t y 第 26卷第 5期 ( 总 117期 ) 2012年 1O月 Vo1 .26, No.5(Sum.No.117) Art i cl e ID:1674-649X(2012)05—0563— 05 M em brane structure of pol ar bear hai r W ANG Qi ng— l i , XIE Hui —l i ,HE Ji — huan。, GAO Hong- j i an ZHANG Yu—dong , ZH AO Lei 。 (1.Col l ege of Text i l es, Donghua Uni ver si t y, Shanghai 201620,Chi na; 2.Col l ege of Food Engi neer i ng,Hebi Col l ege of Vocat i on and Technol ogy,Hebi,Henan 458030,Chi na; 3.Nat i onal Eng.Labor at or y f or M odern Si l k, Col l ege of Text i l e and Eng.。 Sooc how Uni v., Suz hou, Ji angsu 215123, Chi na; 4.El ect r on Mi croscpy Cor e Laborat or y,Shanghai M e di cal Col l e ge, Fudan Uni versi t y, Shanghai 200032, Chi na l 5.Depart ment of Text i l e Eng.,Yanche ng Text i l e Vocat i onal Technol ogy Col l ege,Yanche ng, Ji angsu 224005。 Chi na) Abs t r ac t:The pol ar bea r( Urs us m ar i t i m us)has supe r i or a bi l i t y of s ur vi vi ng i n t he har s h Ar c— ti c regi ons.Li ke other cold-resi stant ani m al s,the hai r of pol ar bears pl ays an i mportant rol e i n ke epi ng war m.The m or phol ogy a nd s t r uc t ur e of t he pol ar bear hai r wer e exami ned by means of the opti cal microscope(OM ),scanni ng el ect ron mi croscopy(SEM ),fi el d em i ssi on scanni ng elec— t r on mi cr osc opy (FE- SEM ) a nd t r ans mi ss i on el ec t r on mi cr os cope (TEM ) r e spec t i ve l y.The m embrane st ruct ure of the pol ar bear hai r i s descri bed.That t hi s uni que membr ane-pore struc— ture may be cri ti eal for t he heat transfer process of pol ar bear hai r. Key words:pol ar bear hai r;morphol ogy;structure;m em brane structure CLC number:TS 102.319 Document code: A 0 Introd ucti on Pol a r be ar s( Ur s us m ar i t i m us)ar e t he l ar ges t l and l i vi ng pr edat or on t he e ar t h.W i t h an abr upt i n— crease of the scal e of gl aci al cycle i n the Northern Hemi sphere。the arcti c sea—i ce ecosyst em was estab一 1 i shed at about 2.5 mya,whi ch resul ted i n an i ni ti al burst of bi odi versi ty,i ncl udi ng brown bears.A s t he descendent s of brown bears and a ki nd of mari ne mammal f eedi ng on seal s,modern pol ar bears are born on 1 and but spend most of thei r ti me i n the sea.I n order to survi ve i n the harsh envi ronment at mi nus 50" C i n t he Ar c t i c, t hi s huge ani mal has an ext ensi ve f at l aye r(up t o 1 0 cm) and bul ky f ur s, whi c h con— tri bute to i t agai nst col d.Pol ar bear fur consi sts of a l ayer of dense underfur and an outer l ayer of guard hai rs,whi ch are tr anspar ent but appear t o be whi te.The whi t e out si de hel ps them t o cam ouf lage i n the snow and i ce-covered envi ronm ent D- z ].M uch attenti on has been pai d on the opti ca1 funct i on of the pol ar Rec ei ved dat e l 2012— 04一 O1 Foundat i on i t em , Support e d by Nat i onal Nat ural Sci enc e Foundat i on of Chi na(10972053) Cor re spondi ng aut hor, W ANG Qi ng-l i (1985一 ), Fe mal e, a nat i ve of Anyang ci t y,Henan Pr ovi nc e.E-mai l :wangqi ngl i 1985 @ mai l .dhu.edu.cn 564 西 安 工 程 大 学 学 报 第 26卷 bear hai r and t he cont ami nants of t he hai r,and there are several publ i cati ons[ 3 - 1 3 ].Recentl y,the morphol — ogy and structure of pol ar bear hai r have been m ent i oned [ .and the holl ow structure of guard hai rs i s descri bed[ 引.However,the m embrane structure of pol ar bear hai r has not been thoroughl y i nvest i gated and descri bed.Thi s paper i ntends to i ndenti fy the membrane structure of pol ar bear hai r f i ber,whi ch i s observed by scanni ng el ectron mi croscopy (SEM )and transm i ssi on el ectron mi croscope (TEM ). 1 Sampl e prepar at i on and i nst rum ent s The hai r was obtai ned from a t wo-year ol d m ale pol ar bear i n the Laohutan Pol e Aquari um i n Dal i an,Chi na.Four types of observati on tool s were used t o exami ne the m orphology and st ruct ure of the pol ar bear ha i r, Opt i c al mi c r osc ope(OM ), JEOL JSM- 6380LV Sc anni ng El ec t r on Mi cr osc opy ( SEM ), 4800 Fi el d Em i ssi on Scanni ng El ectron M i croscopy (FE-SEM ) and transmi ssi on el ectron mi croscope (TEM )were i ncl uded. The sampl es of OM observat i on were em bedded i n t he centre of a wool f i bre bundl e and t hen sl i ced i nto a number of thi n pi eces by usi ng one of H a ' s sl i ce devi ces;the sam pl es of SEM and FE-SEM obser— vat i on were fi xed on t he speci men st age and then deposi ted a conducti ve coat i ng on thei r observat i on sur— f ace;the fi bers of l ongi tudi nal secti ons observati on were cut i nt o hal f al ong the f i ber venat i on whi ch is a di ff i cui t wor k;whi l e the sampl es of TEM observati on were em bedded i n the resi n and then sl i ced i nto thi n pi eces wi th t he thi ckness of up to 50nm by usi ng ul trami crot ome. 2 M orphol ogi cal and st ruct ur al anal ysi s 2.1 Surface st ruct ure of pol ar bear hai r Fi g.1 s hows t he surf ac e s t r uc t ur e of pol ar be ar ha i r .Fi gs .1( a)and 1( b)ar e f i el d e mi ss i on s c anni ng el ectron mi crographs of di f ferent hai rs at the magni fi cat i on of 1.00k,whi l e Fi gs.1(c) and 1(d)are mi — crographs of di ff erent hai rs at hi gher m agni fi cat i on 5.0Ok.These show that pol ar bear hai r was covered wit h ci rcul ar scales i n i rregular shapes and vari ous si zes,whic h arrayed toward the end poi nt of t he fi ber. Scal e de ns i t y was r e l at i ve l y sma l l , 5O 一 70s ca l e s /mm a nd t he sc al e e dges s ee me d t o be wavy or se r ra t ed. 2.2 Transvers e sect i ons of pol ar bear hai r Al most al l t he hai r s were ci rcul ar or el l i pt i cal cros s s ec t i on, as s hown i n Fi g.2(a)and 2(b).The red ci rcl es re— present f i ne hai r s.No medul l a was observed i n t he cortex of most f i ne hai rs wher e l f f ew bl ack pi gments wer e foun& Vg - here as. there was an evi dent medul l a l ayer i n t he cor tex of coars e hai r wi 幽 out pi gment s. Mi crographs by t he scanni ng electron mi croscope wi t h precise resol uti on,gave f l more i ntui ti oni sti c i mage of the transverse sect i on of pol ar bear hai r.whi ch was membrane—pore structure [ 引.From Fi g.3 (a) and 3(b),we could see that the m edul l a of pol ar bear hai r was f l hol l ow col um ned cavi t y surrounded by alveol ate spaci ng l ayers.The holl ow m edull a approxi m ated 2 5/ am i n di am eter,accounti ng for one thi rd of the fi ber di ameter,about 80/  ̄m. 2.3 Longi tudi nal sect i ons of pol ar bear hair Fi g.4 i s the l ongi tudi nal secti on of pol ar bear hai r under opti cal mi croscope.The m edul l a was a con— secuti ve cavi ty wi th a f uzzy m embrane- pore structure,and t he space of hol l ow cavi ty was found to be si g— ni f i cantl y l arge,approxi matel y one t hi rd t o f l hal f of the fi ber i n di ameter,whi ch coul d also be drawn i n part 2.3. M uc h c l ear e r me mbr ane — por e s t r uc t ure was obt ai ned i n Fi gs .5(a), (b)a nd(c ).The y wer e t a ken nn— der di f f e r ent magni f i c at i on,520, 3.81k and 11.Ok, re s pe ct i ve l y.Fi g.5(a)i ndi c at es t hat we sl i c ed i n t he f i — ber di recti on. W hen cut i n haI f al ong the fi ber venati on,t he mem brane structure coul d be seen cl earer by SEM ,as show n i n Fi g.6. 第 5期 Membr ane s t r uc t ure of pol ar be ar hai r 567 References: [ 1 ] FERGUSON S H, TAYLOR M K, BORN EW , e t a 1 .Fr a c t a l s, s e a - i c e l a n ds c a pe a nd s pa t i a l pa t t e r ns of po l a r be ar s [ J ] . J our nal of Bi ogeography, 1998, 25(6):1 081— 1 092. [ 2] sTEG, A( ) ER T, LI NKE M, PLANCK H. Bi o ni c s i n t e xt i l e s: f l e x i bl e a n d t r a n s l u c e n t t he r ma l i ns u l a t i o n s f or s ol a r t he r - ea r l a pp l i c a t i on s [J ].Ph i l os op hi c a l Tr a ns a c t i ons of t h e Roy a l S oc i e t y A- Ma t h e ma t i c a l Phy s i c a l a nd Engi n e e r i n g Sc i — ences, 2009, 367(1894): 1 749-1 758. [ 3 ] LAVI GNE D M. Bl a c k po l a r be a r s [ J ] .Nat u r e, 19 7 4, 25 1( 5 47 2): 21 8 — 21 9. [ 4 ] GROJ EAN R E, S OUSA J A,HENRY MC.Ut i l i z a t i on of s o l a r r a di a t i on by p ol a r an i ma l s : a n op t i c a l mo de l f or pe l t s [ J ]. Ap pl i e d Opt i c s, 1 98 0, 19( 3): 3 3 9 - 3 46 . [ 5 3 GRO] EAN R E, S OUSA J A, HENRY M C.Ut i l i z a t i o n of s o l a r r a di a t i on b y p o l a r a ni ma l s : a n o pt i c a l mo de l f or p e l t s [J].Appl i ed Opt i cs, 1981, 20(11): 1 896—1 897. [ 6 3 KOON D W. I s po l a r be a r ha i r f i b e r op t i c ?[ J ] .Appl i e d Opt i c s, 1 99 8, 3 7( 15 ): 3 1 98 — 3 2 0 0. [ 7 ] KOON D W. Po we r o f t h e ol p a r my t h[ J ]. Ne w Sc i e nt i s t , 1 9 98, 1 58( 213 1): 50 . [ 8 ] TRI BUTSCH H, GOSLOWSKI H, KUPPERS U, e t a1 .Li g ht c ol l e c t i o n a nd s ol a r s e ns i n g t hr ou gh t he p ol a r b ea r pe l t [J].Sol ar Ener gy Mat eri al s。1990,21(2- 3):219 -236. [ 9 ] BAHNERS T, SCHLOSSER U, GUTMANN R, a t a 1 .Te x t i l e s o l a r l i gh t c o l l e c t o r s ba s e d on mo de l s f o r p o l a r b ea r ha i r [ J ] .S ol a r En e r gy Ma t e r i a l s a n d ol S a r Ce l l s, 2 0 08, 92 ( 1 2): i 661 一 l 66 7. [ 1 O] DI ETZ R, BORN E W, RI GET F, e t a 1 .Te mp or a l t r e n ds a nd f ut u r e pr e di c t i o ns o f me r c ur y c o nc e nt r a t i o ns i n n o r t h— we s t gr e e nl a nd po l a r be a r(Ur s us ma r i t i mus )h a i r [J ].Env i r on me nt a l Sc i e nc e 8 L Te c hno l og y, 20 11。 45( 4):i 4 58 — 1 465. [ 1 1 ] J ASPERS V L B, DI ETZ R, SONNE C, e t a 1 .A s c r e e n i n g o f p e r s i s t e nt o r g a no ha 1 og e na t e d c on t a mi na nt s i n ha i r of e a s t gr e e nl a nd p o l a r b e a r s [ J ]. Sc i e nc e o f t he To t a l En vi r o nme nt , 2 01 0, 4 08( 2 2): 5 61 3 - 5 6 1 8. [1 2] HORTON T W, BLUM J D, XI E Z Q, e t a 1 .St a bl e i s ot o pe f o od — we b a na l ys i s a n d me r c u r y b i oma g ni f i c a t i on i n po l a r be a r s( Ur s u s ma r i t i mu s ) [J ]. Pol a r Re s e a r c h, 2 0 09, 2 8( 3): 44 3 - 4 5 4. [ 1 3] CARDONA- Ma r e k T, KNOTT KK, MEYER B E, e t a 1 . Me r cu r y c onc e nt r a t i on s i n s o ut he r n Be a uf o r t Se a po l a r be a r s: v a r i a t i on ba s e d on s t ab l e i s ot ope s o f c l f r D on a nd ni t r o ge n [ J ]. Env i r o nme n t a l Tox i c o l o gy a nd Che mi s t r y. 2 009, 2 8( 7 ): 1 416- 1 424. [1 4 ] ZHANG H J, CHEN Z, ZHU Y L, e t a 1 . Cha r a c t e r i z a t i on f or ha i r mo r p ho l o gy a n d s t r uc t u r e of c ol d - r e s i s t a n t a ni ma l s [ C] // YAO Mu .Pr o c e e d i ngs of 2 0 09 I nt e r na t i on a l Te xt i l e Sc i e nc e a nd Tec hn ol og y Fo r u m.Be i j i n g: Chi na Te xt i l e a nd Appar el Press,2010: 333- 339. [1 5 ] HE J H, WANG Q L, SUN J . Ca n p ol a r be a r a b s or b e n vi r on me nt a l e n e r gy ?[ J ] .The r ma l Sc i e nc e, 2 01 1, I 5( 3): 91 1 — 913. 北极 熊 毛 纤维 的 膜 结构 王 青 利 , 谢 慧 丽 , 何 吉 欢。, 高 鸿建 ,张玉 东 , 赵 磊。 (1 . 东 华大 学 纺织 学 院 , 上海 2 0 16 2 0; 2 . 鹤 壁职 业 技 术 学 院 食 品 工程 学 院 , 河南 鹤 壁 45 8 03 0; 3. 苏 州 大 学 现 代 丝 绸 国 家工 程 实 验 室 , 江苏 苏 州 21 51 23; 4 .复 旦 大 学 上 海 医学 院 电镜 室 , 上海 2 00 03 2I 5. 盐 城 纺 织 职业 技 术 学 院 纺 织 工 程 系 , 江苏 盐城 2 24 0 05 ) 摘要 : 北极 熊具有在 寒 冷 的北极地 区生存 下去 的特殊 能力.和其 他 的许 多耐寒 动物 一 样 ,北极 熊 的毛 发 对 其 身体 的保 暖起 着极为 重要 的作 用.本文分 别采 用光 学显微 镜 、扫描 电子 显微镜 、 场 发射 扫 描 电子 显 微 镜 和透射 电子显微 镜 研 究 了北极 熊毛 发 的形态和 结构.研 究结果 表 明 , 北极 熊毛 纤维具 有独 特 的膜一 孔结构, 该 结构 应 该对 北极 熊毛 的 热传递过 程有 着关键 的影 响. 关 键词 :北极 熊毛 纤 维 ; 形态; 结构 ;膜结构 编辑 、校对 : 武 晖
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz