Anatomy 36 VAG Packet Unit 4 Based on the figure above, explain why transpulmonary pressure is important. What happens when PTP is zero? What is the importance of the pressure across the chest wall? Pcw = PIP – PATM Why do you need the lungs to stay inflated in between breaths? 1 Let’s say you climb to the top of Mt. McKinley. Mt. McKinley is the highest mountain peak in North America with a summit elevation of 20, 237’. It is located in Denali National Park in Alaska. The atmospheric air pressure at that altitude is 342 mmHg. The partial pressure of gases is the same at any altitude. Calculate the PO2 at the top of Mt. McKinley. In which direction will the O2-­‐Hb Dissociation curve shift? To the right or to the left? Diagram the shift on the figure below. What will cause the shift in the curve? What is the Hb saturation in the systemic arteries at sea level (760 mmHg)? Based on your shift in the curve on the graph above, what is the Hb saturation in the systemic arteries at the summit if the PO2 in the systemic arteries is 70 mmHg? Is the Hb saturation at the summit higher or lower? What does that mean in terms of oxygen delivery to the tissues? 2 Write out the bicarbonate reaction. In the tissues, why is the bicarbonate reaction driven to the right (to make more HCO3-­‐)? In the lungs, why is the bicarbonate reaction driven to the left (to make more CO2)? List the function of the following Macula densa JG Cells Aldosterone Renin Angiotensin I Angiotensin II Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) 3 Define the following: Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion How can you increase GFR? How can you decrease GFR? Hormone Stimulus Gastrin CCK Secretin GIP Intrinsic Factor Insulin Glucagon Actions 4 Name Pepsin HCl Serotonin Bicarbonate Enterokinase Lipase Amylase Carboxypeptidase Aminopeptidase Trypsin Chymotrypsin Elastase Ribonuclease Deoxyribonuclease Secreted by what cells? Action 5