Lesson 51: The Connective ‐A of Association Connective ‐A [kivumishi ‐A unganifu] The English possessive case "'s", which is often equivalent to "of" when it marks possession, is translated into Kiswahili by a particle whose root is ‐A. The connective particle ‐A agrees in class with the noun of the thing (or person) possessed. A). Connective ‐A B). Connective ‐A and Noun Classes C). Word Order D). Possessive Pronouns A). Connective ‐A Onewayofexpressingarelationshipbetweentwothingsisusingthe‐A of
association.Inthegreetinghabarizaleotheassociativeza“of”isused.
 Habarizaleo?[Howistoday’snews?/Howistoday?]
Thenoun“habari”canbeassociatedwithallkindsofnouns,andsothe
habarigreetingisusedtoinquireaboutanything:
 Habarizajana?[Howwasyesterday’snews?/Howwasyesterday?]
 Habarizaasubuhi?[Howisthemorningnews?/Howisyourmorning?]
 Habarizakazi?[Howiswork’snews?/Howiswork?]
One associative: Habari za masomo?
Habari za baba? Habari za Tanzania? Habari za Kiswahili? Habari za California? jimbo la Kansas mji wa Lawrence [How are your studies?] [How is your father?]
[How is Tanzania?]
[How is Kiswahili?]
[How is California?]
[the state of Kansas] [the city of Lawrence] chuo kikuu cha Kansas nchi ya Amerika [The University of Kansas] [the country of America] Two associatives: Habari za masomo ya historia?
[How are your history studies?]
Habari za mwanafunzi wa [How is the Kiswahili student?]
Kiswahili? Habari za mwalimu wa Kiswahili? [How is the Kiswahili teacher?]
B). Connective ‐A and Noun Classes NGELI
CONNECTIVE‐A
SENTENCE
TRANSLATION
M
WA
KI
VI
M
MI
JI
MA
N
N
U
ZI
U
U
KU
KU
PA
PA
MU
MU
wa
wa
cha
vya
wa
ya
la
ya
ya
za
wa
za
wa
wa
kwa
kwa
pa
pa
mwa
mwa
mwanawa baba
wanawababa
kiticha baba
vitivyababa
mtiwa baba
mitiyababa
garila baba
magariyababa
nyumbaya baba
nyumbazababa
ubaowa baba
mbaozababa
ugaliwababa
ugaliwababa
kulalakwa baba
kulalakwababa
pahali/mahali pa baba
pahali/mahalipababa
nyumbanimwa baba
nyumbanimwababa
Father’schild
Father’schildren
Father’schair
Father’schairs
Father’stree
Father’strees
Father’scar
Father’scars
Father’shouse
Father’shouses
Father’sboard
Father’sboards
Father’scornmeal
Father’scornmeal
Father’ssleep
Father’ssleep
Father’splace
Father’splace
Father’shouse
Father’shouse
C). Word Order Whenownershiporpossessionisconveyedbytheword"of"inanEnglish
sentence,thewordorderisexactlythesameinKiswahili.Theonlydifference
isthatanadjectivemustfollowthenounitqualifies.
Mifano: a).mtotomdogowamama
b).mikonomikubwayamtotomdogo
c).viatuvichafuvyawatoto
d).garijipyalababa
[smallchildofthemother /
mother’ssmallchild]
[largehandsofthesmallchild /
smallchild’slargehands]
[dirtyshoesofthechildren/
children’sdirtyshoes]
[newcarofthefather/
father’snewcar]
D). Possessive Pronouns Rememberalsothatthesameprefixisusedforallpossessivepronouns: 1stPerson
2ndPerson
3rdPerson
Umoja(singular)
Wingi(plural)
darasalangu[myclass]
darasaletu[ourclass]
darasalako[yourclass]
darasalenu[your(pl.)class]
darasalake[his/herclass]
darasalao[theirclass]
Sentence Formation
Mifano: 1. Mbwa wa mjomba ni huyu.
Mbwa wa wajomba ni hawa.
2. Kiko cha babu kimeanguka.
Viko vya babu vimeanguka.
3. Maji ya mto ni machafu.
Maji ya mito ni machafu.
4. Shambani mwa mzee ni mzuri.
Shambani mwa wazee ni mzuri.
[Uncle’s dog is this one.]
[Uncle’s dogs are these ones.]
[Grandfather’s pipe has fallen.]
[Grandfather’s pipes have fallen.]
[The river’s water is dirty.]
[The rivers’ water is dirty.]
[The elder’s land is good.]
[The elders’ land is good.]
MIFANO ZAIDI:
5. mtoto wa mwalimu
watoto wa walimu
6. mkono wa kaka
mikono ya kaka
7. jina la mgeni
majina ya wageni
8. kitabu cha Kiswahili
vitabu vya Kiswahili
9. kalamu ya John
kalamu za John
10. ufunguo wa gari
funguo za gari
11. mfuko wa mwalimu
mifuko ya mwalimu
12. nyumba ya mwalimu
nyumba za mwalimu
13. televisheni ya kaka
televisheni za kaka
14. gari la Mike
magari ya Mike
15. darasa la Kiswahili
madarasa ya Kiswahili
[teacher’s child]
[teachers’ children]
[brother’s arm]
[brother’s arms]
[guest’s name]
[guest’s names]
[Kiswahili book]
[Kiswahili books]
[John’s pen]
[John’s pens]
[car key]
[car keys]
[teacher’s bookbag]
[teacher’s bookbags]
[teacher’s house]
[teacher’s houses]
[brother’s television]
[brother’s televisions]
[Mike’s car]
[Mike’s cars]
[Kiswahili class]
[Kiswahili classes]