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The Grant Chronicles:
Atomic Structure and the Aurora Borealis
The introduction of a new theory concerning the structure of the atom and how magnetic particles
flow, lays the foundation for explaining the spectacular display of lights at the poles.
The Aurora Borealis (or "Northern Lights") and its counterpart Aurora Australis in the Southern
hemisphere is a phenomenon created from a set of complex interactions between the Earth’s and Sun’s
magnetic fields, in conjunction with the passage of photons emitted by the Sun through the Earth’s
gravitational sphere of influence. Photons and other high-energy particles are refracted downward by
Earth’s gravity as they transverse through its magnetic field with concentrated energy flows at the poles.
The inner core -- the initial source of Earth’s magnetic field -- is composed of a non-homogeneous
swirling mass of molten iron and other heavy elements. Shortly after the localized "big bang" which
was responsible for the formation of the Milky Way, the Earth was one of almost infinite masses coming
out of the explosion that coalesced and became what was to become a cosmic mass. Heavy elements
present in the proto semi-molten Earth pooled and settled in its center.
In its excited, compressed, and heated state, the core is primarily composed of iron in an ionized
state. The subatomic particles associated with the electron initiating a particle flow for magnetism -which in their natural state are always on the move -- are shed from the nucleus of the associated iron
atom. Although Science has a grasp on the atomic structure of iron and how it affects the Earth’s
magnetic field, a mystery surrounds its makeup and that subatomic particles emanating from it (which
are responsible for magnetism).
To explain magnetism, we have to start at the basic structure of the atom. Conventional science
revolving around the field of physics has built a model of the atom where the neutral and positivelycharged particles resides within the nucleus. The electron is the negatively-charged particle or particles
revolves about the nucleus without physically interacting with the nucleus. This concept is the
foundation for physical science and nuclear physics. But this model has achieved its purpose as a
scientific theoretical icon.
I will now introduce new concepts and the changes to provide insight to the next level of scientific
understanding. There are questions associated with the interaction of the theoretical subatomic particles
like quarks, muons, and other obscure particles of high-energy particle physics which are only vague
shadows or broken fragments of the mixture of the basic subatomic particles unfolding the true picture.
The main question sparking new insight into subatomic particles is finding that elusive particle or force
that will bind all of mankind’s major forces such as gravity, magnetism, nuclear, and disputed others
into one grand Unified Theory.
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The particles discovered by scientists working at Earth’s best particle accelerators initiate random
collisions during experiments. The result is only smaller fragmented segment of the atomic structure
leaving a trailing expansion pattern, which is trying to find a state of equilibrium after the collision. We
need to grasp the total picture concerning the electron. Mankind theories paints a picture of the electron
as a basic root particle, when in fact it is a mass composed of hundreds of primary and secondary
subatomic particles related to an opposite charge of the nucleus. The balance of protons, neutrons,
electrons, and subatomic particles located inside-and-outside of the atomic structure and their associated
movement can be explained with newly-introduced concepts.
An alternate theory of an atom perceived in science proposes a new model, represented by a moving
stream of electron related subatomic particles which pass-through the nucleus and enter the core of the
atom. Once ejected from the opposite of the nucleus at a random pole position about its surface, they
spread into a field of particles flowing around it, only to reenter the nucleus through the opposite pole
position on the other side of the atom. There is leakage of negatively-charged subatomic particles,
which does bleed from all parts of the nucleus in small numbers. The total combined negatively
polarized force (or charge of the subatomic particle stream) or multiple streams and its related mass that
flows about and through the nucleus is what Science defines as an "electron" or groups of electrons and
shells. This concept will form the foundation for the principles of the atomic structure, molecular
bonding, and an explanation for magnetic subatomic particle flow.
To grasp this new concept, a sphere will represent the nucleus and its various positive and neutral
components. The enveloping static field of electron subatomic related particles takes the shape of a
torus with varying entry and exiting positions that shift about the surface of the nucleus due to
equalization about low- and high-pressure subatomic particle density fields. The current accepted
scientific theory states the overall charge on the nucleus is positive with the amount of neutrons ranging
from zero to an unknown number only affecting its mass not the charge.
Counter to this theory, I will state the overall charge placed upon the sphere or the nucleus is null
overall as all particles associated with the proton, neutron in the nucleus, and electron subatomic particle
field which passes through the nucleus is in an overall static state of equilibrium. Particle flow is
established from the movement of electron-associated subatomic particles bleeding from the nucleus,
which are randomly expelled from the nucleus due to overcrowding in its core. Particle ejection occurs
as subatomic particles organize and stack-up in the core of the nucleus.
Internal pressures build until a burst or flow is initiated towards the North-pole hot ejection spot
leaving in its wake a low-pressure void. Upon exiting the nucleus, the electron related subatomic
particle stream rushes towards the low-pressure area on the opposite side (a random surface point on the
nucleus’s sphere). The subatomic particles (associated to the present-day version of the "electron" flow
independently and have minimal interaction with each other due to the repulsive force generated
between them from the charge and field density. A stream of particles rushes into the South pole to fill
the void left by the exiting particles, which cascades into a shrinking a tube formation that stretches to
the core from the created partial vacuum at the pole.
Approximately 180 degrees longitudinal -- opposite the hot subatomic particle ejection point and
adjacent to the angle in latitude of the imaginary equator of the sphere -- a low-pressure zone is created
in the wake of subatomic particles moving towards the core filling the partial vacuum created by
particles ejected into the streams towards the North pole due to core overcrowding. The South pole
entry point and the subatomic ejection point at the North pole randomly oscillates continuously about
the surface of the nucleus while maintaining a line between their opposite relative positions. The line
between them pierces the central point of the nucleus.
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Movement of the pole positions occurs as the low-density entry point and the high-density ejection
point seeks an equilibrium or dispersion within the total subatomic particle field surrounding the
nucleus. The high- and low-density fields scattered about the surface of the nucleus work in tandem
because it is the total combine pressure variants about the edges of both pole locations that equalize with
the mid-density ambient field of surrounding subatomic particle field.
This ambient field is maintained by a constant arbitrary bleeding of subatomic particles escaping the
crowded nucleus, creating an uneven density field about the surface of the nucleus, which perpetuates
the random movement of the poles about the nucleus. If we start at the ejection point (the North pole) of
the atomic nucleus, subatomic particle streams leaving the surface take one of 2 paths, dependant upon
outside influences (like molecular bonds).
Static Atomic Structure Diagram:
Path 1 -- which was introduced above -- will be broken into detail. The quick ejection of negativelycharged subatomic particles from the nucleus (which is trying to achieve a state of equilibrium because
of overcrowding in the core of the nucleus) affects the charge of the local particle exit region (which is
the North pole, but will be reassigned as the 'positive' pole). The Northern region adapts a positive
charge due to the drain of negative subatomic particles streaming out of a nucleus, which has an overall
neutral charge or is in a state of equilibrium. The potential differential between the charges of the poles
is directly related the pulse or ejection rate and the volume of the electron subatomic particles flowing
through the ejection point (the North pole) of the nucleus.
In its singular state, the atom and its subatomic particles whirl around the nucleus in a dense field
which surrounds the entire sphere of the nucleus. This differs from mankind’s version, which explains
the negatively-charged particle as individual particles that revolve about the nucleus without physical
interaction between the particles. The like charge of the electron related subatomic particles repulse
3
each other. But they maintain a close static position in relation to each other because of compression of
other unrelated subatomic particles crowding the surrounding outside space.
This process determines the distance of the field about the surface of the nucleus. They reenter on
the other side, attracted buy a random low pressure area formed at a varying positional South pol, which
the electron related subatomic particle field flows into in an otherwise crowded field surrounding the
outside of the nucleus. This causes an overload of electron related subatomic particles at the south pole
of the neutral charged nucleus upon piercing the entry point, which acquires a localized negative charge
in that zone.
In Path 2 where molecular bonds occur, Molecular bonding (new definition) is a constant
compromise between the electron subatomic particle density fields surrounding interacting atoms. It is
where all atoms involved in a completed bond reach a state of temporary-or-permanent equilibrium.
The connective process begins as the outer fields of the atoms with density gaps of electron related
subatomic particles are looking to achieve stability or total saturation of the outer field or mankind’s
term a completed electron shell.
Once random elements combine in such a way that the outer field reaches maximum carrying
density exactly, a field lock occurs and the corresponding atoms share the common field. The stronger
the flow and charge between the polarities (which is dependant upon nuclei density), the stronger bond
and the more energy released when the bond is broken. It is the interaction of shedding or absorption
the various subatomic particles of the related to the original independent atomic nuclei that determines
the new properties of the resultant compound), the charge on the nucleus corresponding to the flow, and
the density of the subatomic particles streaming through it reaches a point where the polarity differential
between the North and South sides of the nucleus attracts and aligns with other compatible atoms trying
to achieve molecular bonding.
Linking occurs when atoms with opposite polarities to a close proximity after balancing with the
natural repulsive force of crowding that keep the atoms apart. Subatomic particles on the move along
pick the path of "least resistance". A choice between flowing to other atoms that have low electron
related subatomic particle density gaps (in Mankind’s terms: an incomplete electron shell) in their
expulsion cycles around their nucleus as opposed to circling the nucleus and reentering at the low
density negatively charged area on the opposite side, which has a higher flow resistance for subatomic
particles.
The field traveled primarily determines pulse rates of subatomic particle streams. The pulse rate is
determined by the density of the electron subatomic field, its density gap, and closeness to field
completion (full electron shell). Each completed field starting from the inner, which is composed of
sufficient particles to equal a mass of Mankind’s 2 electrons to the next (capacity 8) and so on.
Stunning the scientific field is what little mass the electron streams carry -- it is highest in the inner
rings or shells. The flow of electron subatomic particles affects the density and the characteristics of the
elemental atomic structure. Mass of a nucleus is dependent upon the electron related subatomic particle
flow rate while maintaining the total electron charge. The higher the flow rate in the electron stream, the
tighter proton and neutron associated particles dance together in their mutual orbits about the nucleus as
the repulsive charge between the what Mankind assigns as "positive" and "null" charged particles are
neutralize by the electron flow.
Details of this process is to be revealed at a future date. Presented with these new theories, this will
form a basis and ground floor understanding into the physics of the Earth and the Aurora Borealis
phenomena.
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Movement in the core of the Earth occurs as segmented parts within are attracted-or-repulsed by
various random objects surrounding this solar system, perpetuating a circular motion as attracted parts
move towards the zone overshoot and then repulsed away (like a dog chasing its tail). The cycle of
movement reinforces motion within the core.
Iron has an unusual property in that the electron related subatomic particles clump together, creating
a large density field gap in the flow of the electron subatomic particle field. As electron associated
subatomic particles from the Iron atoms are ejected from the core of the its nucleus, a low-pressure
density particle gap wake is left behind in which the subatomic particles related to magnetism, which are
always on the move seek an escape from an overcrowded iron atom core. They quickly fill this gap as
oppose to slowly diffusing in the random particle density gaps naturally exiting the nucleus.
t is the wide variations in the electron field density that contributes to a higher potential between the
north and south sides of the atomic nucleus of the Iron atom. Like miniature magnets, the Iron atoms
readily attract each other due to the high potential between positive and negative poles. This leads to
some of the atoms linking together. As bonds form between atoms, magnetic related subatomic particles
travel the path of least resistance -- the low-pressure wake of the electron particle stream that has linked
due to the attractive charge of the Iron atom. This makes it is easier for the magnetic related subatomic
particles to jump the gap between the linked iron atomic structures and fill a void as opposed to flowing
around the atom of origin and its low pressure zone located at the south pole of the nucleus or molecular
structure.
The attractive force of the low density zone emanating from the nearest linked iron atom is greater
than the low-pressure zone causing subatomic particles to return to the other side of the original iron
atomic structure, which the magnetic related subatomic particles were expelled from. A pattern
develops as subatomic particles jump to new atomic structures, they link and the pressure voids maintain
their extremes on the edge of the group as the number of atoms grow, allowing subatomic particles to
bridge farther gaps. Alignment of the Iron ions grows at an exponential rate until the total core is in a
negative-to-positive (or South-to-North pole) arrangement. What has to be noted is that electron related
subatomic particle streams flow about either an atom or a molecular structure, while magnetic subatomic
particle flows can bridge all available iron atoms or molecules linked within the attractive zone
dependent upon polarity flow strength.
Rotation of the Earth does play a part on the shape of its core. It causes the equatorial rotational
plane to bulge as centrifugal force counters incoming force of gravitational particles. But as you move
away from the equatorial plane, the counter force lessens and the core gets squeezed towards both poles.
The cycle of magnetic subatomic particle flow begins upon reaching the center of the Earth’s core which
is grounded. The attractive charge between the particles -- once encountered the center of the core -drops a neutral reading. Overcrowding of the magnetic subatomic particles occurs in the core as the
particles -- which are void of direction -- bounce about the neutral zone. This squeezes an everincreasing number of particles away from the core into the Northern hemisphere as new subatomic
particles flow in from the Southern core.
Once past the mid point of neutrality, an opposite charge builds on the North side of the core. Here,
the particles adapt to the new charge related to the North pole, which increases in magnitude as the
subatomic particles move further away from the center of the mass’s core (in this case, the Earth).
These subatomic particles initiates flow pattern in a tube formation with the magnetic axis of the Earth
as its center. As they are pushed towards the North pole, the repulsion force becomes the dominant
factor. The like charged particles begin moving away from each other as the density of the constraining
field. Incoming gravitational particles lessen as magnetic subatomic particles move away from the core.
5
The tubular flow pattern morphs into an ever-expanding cone formation, the opposite of what
happens at the magnetic South Pole. If you could examine a slice of these particles flowing in the
conical tube, the radius would reach its maximum at the magnetic subatomic particle exit point of the
total mass, the magnetic North Pole on Earth. The expansion of this exit ring of magnetic subatomic
particles is countered by the incoming gravity subatomic particles, which are entering Earth’s mass
primarily through the poles (gravity particles blanketing the Earth create an equal downward force.
The majority of particles returning through the Poles rip through affected mass without applying a
force). They crowd out and push the magnetic subatomic particles back towards the Earth’s magnetic
axis. So the radius of the ring of magnetic subatomic particles is related to equilibrium or balanced
between the repulsive outward expansion force on the ring particles from the magnetic north pole and
the repulsive force between each other. The compression factor at the Poles is composed of a flood of
returning gravity particles, the diffusion factor of the crust, and other particles still unknown to presentday science which exert a force shrinking the ring of particles back towards the Poles.
The magnetic subatomic particles -- once ejected from Earth’s mass -- flow in particle streams with
separation of these streams dictated the strength of the repulsion force between the like magnetic
subatomic particles, the incoming subatomic particles related to gravity and other forces and the
interactions with the Sun’s magnetic field. The streams all ejected in a 360-degree ring progressively.
To visualize this occurrence, examine a horizontal slice of a trunk of a tree. A pattern of expanding
rings is exposed. The first and primary ring closest to the pole finds equilibrium between magnetic axis
and the dominant repulsion force between the magnetic subatomic particles and the backpressure
applied by incoming subatomic particles related to gravity and other forces. Each successive new
stream then finds its equilibrium between the interior subatomic magnetic particle stream and other
subatomic particles gravity and dark matter, which controls expansion of the outward repulsive force
emanating from the magnetic axis.
This pattern goes on almost infinitely as each successive stream of particle volume flow and
intensity approaches zero. But it never gets there (nothing new here -- it follows the principles of
derivatives). The magnetic subatomic particles flow toward the South Pole where they reenter the Earth
and are attracted to its core. As they are drawn in towards the core, their charge dissipates towards
neutral, due to the grounding effect of the Earth.
This -- along with the increasing density field of returning gravity particles -- subjects the cylinder
formation of like particles to larger forces as they approach the core, allowing them to gather closer.
This modified formation resembles a thin hourglass as an ever-shrinking cone advances towards the core
only to expand after passing the midpoint of the Earth’s core. A cycle that does repeats again and again.
The effects of the Sun’s magnetic field modify the external flow pattern of Earth’s magnetic
subatomic particles. The Sun affects the Earth’s magnetic field in 2 primary ways. First on a micro
scale, the subtle interaction between the Sun and the Earth’s magnetic fields produce an undulation or
wave like movement of the Northern and Southern lights curtain. The Sun and its magnetic field
undergo many changes. Fluctuations and the intensity of the solar wind vary due to subtle changes
within the Sun’s core (which is addressed in further detail in Sun Spots).
The cause of magnetic fluctuations lies deep within the core of the Sun where the fusion process
varies due to random zones of heavy elements mixing with Hydrogen fuel pockets. This cycle moves
from peak-to-ebb in an 11-year phase. It is the time it takes for a rogue group of heavy element bubbles
to make the round trip from the edge of the inner core into the outer core and return. The maximum
6
activity of photon expulsion occurs in conjunction with the peak appearance of sunspots as the
maximum amount of heavy elements is away from the core.
The fusion rate with fewer damper moves into full bore. Constant movement of pockets of Iron and
other heavy elements causes eddies and side currents. These affect the flow of magnetic particles
producing subtle fluctuations that diffuse the directional projection and intensity of the Sun’s magnetic
field. Once projected into space, its random strength and intensity of subatomic particles tend to confuse
the Earth’s field by crowding and deflection of the ambient magnetic field on the micro level. Thus
causing the dancing and wave like undulations in the curtains of light surrounding the Poles.
Atmospheric currents have no effects here.
Second on a Macro scale, the Sun’s magnetic field compresses the near side of Earth’s magnetic
field and stretches the far side. The movement of magnetic subatomic particles (if unaffected around
Earth) would look like the magnetic lines of force emanating from a standard magnet, symmetrical in
form. The Sun’s magnetic field interferes with the Earth’s field by causing it to take on the shape of a
"teardrop" with the pointed end facing away from the Sun.
This phenomenon of a teardrop formation of the Earth’s field can be explained. Some
astrophysicists have associated the solar wind with causing this phenomenon. This is true, but it is only
a minor factor in the scheme of things. The dominant factor is the Suns’ projection of its magnetic field
outward into the Solar System.
Enter into the equation the Earth and its magnetic field. The magnetic field emanating from the
Earth first encounters the magnetic field of the Sun on its lit side as the 2 fields collide head on. The
result is the weaker field of the Earth being compressed by the overwhelming pressures emanating from
the Sun on that side. On the dark side, the Earth’s magnetic field is stretched as both fields have to
expand to the outer solar system in order to reach a static equilibrium between magnetic subatomic
particles originating from both the Sun an the Earth.
If one could vary the intensity of the Sun’s magnetic field with a stable solar wind, compression or
expansion of the Earth’s magnetic field would vary in proportion to the Sun’s magnetic strength. The
varying intensity of the solar wind is a by-product of the 11-year cycle, which expels a greater amount
of photon related subatomic particles at its peak into space as fusion reaction rates in the core of the Sun
increases slightly. Photons are dispersed away from the Sun into cosmic space -- a medium that is
primarily composed of gravity, repulsion particles, and dark matter. Once achieving a static
relationship, gravity and repulsion subatomic particles cancel each other’s force when any wandering
mass in the field or medium is enacted upon creating a neutral field (which is seen as "weightlessness"
in Mankind’s eyes while dark matter is the "glue" that cements the Universe as one).
When the photon subatomic light particles approach Earth, the principles of refraction enter into the
equation for auroras. Incoming gravity particles overwhelm the concentrated streams of repulsion
particles exiting the Earth, creating new dynamics to the medium or particle field in close proximity of
Earth. Light -- which is composed of many similar sized photon subatomic particles -- has varied
masses. Particles emitting red light contain the most mass, which bends the easiest in a gravitational
field. This is why at sunset or dawn when the angle of refraction is the greatest; red light overwhelms
the visible light spectrum. The mass dictates the carrying capacity of energy which a subatomic particle
related to light ( a photon) can hold.
This in turn determines the its vibrational frequency level of the visible light emitted. As the
photons approach Earth, they move from the neutral field of outer space or a medium of weightlessness
to a field heavily laden with gravity particles. Te photons emitted from the Sun bend and separate. This
7
creates large segmented fields of similar mass photon subatomic particles vibrating in narrow frequency
windows. Scientists are familiar with the principles of refraction as light photons move from one
medium to another (like air to water or glass). This causes light to bend or break down into its principal
components as light of specific frequencies overwhelm the ambient white light.
These separated fields of photon subatomic particles contained in the solar wind strike the charged
magnetic subatomic particles exiting from the North and entering the South magnetic poles and absorb
some of its energy. Once passing through the magnetic lines of force, the charge that the excited photon
subatomic particles dissipating their energy into various frequencies of light in the upper atmosphere,
creating curtains of segmented light fields that dance about the upper Earth’s atmosphere. Auroras are
an effect that is present in all places around the Globe. It is only the amount of transferred energy from
the magnetic flow eddies -- which diminishes away from the poles and the intensity of white light
diffused by gravity from the lit side of the Earth and background star light -- that prevents auroras from
being visible away from the Poles.
For the Grad Students, here is a question to ponder:
Air is composed of a predominate mixture of Nitrogen and Oxygen. So how are there curtains of
segmented light vertical and horizontal observed when the 2 elements are excited in a lab give off
different frequencies of light?
Mankind's Explanation: Aurora Borealis
Aurora is a natural display of light in the sky that can be seen with the unaided eye only at night. An
auroral display in the Northern Hemisphere is called the Aurora Borealis (or the northern lights). A
similar phenomenon in the Southern Hemisphere is called the Aurora Australis. Auroras are the most
visible effect of the Sun's activity on the Earth's atmosphere.
Most auroras occur in far northern and southern regions. They appear chiefly as arcs, clouds, and
streaks. Some move, brighten, or flicker suddenly. The most common color in an aurora is green. But
displays that occur extremely high in the sky may be red or purple. Most auroras occur about 60-to-620
miles (97 to 1,000 kilometers) above the Earth. Some extend lengthwise across the sky for thousands of
miles or kilometers.
Auroral displays are associated with the solar wind -- a continuous flow of electrically charged
particles from the Sun. When these particles reach the Earth's magnetic field, some get trapped. Many
of these particles travel toward the Earth's magnetic poles. When the charged particles strike atoms and
molecules in the atmosphere, energy is released. Some of this energy appears in the form of auroras.
Auroras occur most frequently during the most intense phase of the 11-year sunspot cycle. During
this phase, dark patches on the Sun's surface (called sunspots) increase in number. Violent eruptions on
the Sun's surface (known as solar flares) are associated with sunspots. Electrons and protons released by
solar flares add to the number of solar particles that interact with the Earth's atmosphere. This increased
interaction produces extremely bright auroras. It also results in sharp variations in the earth's magnetic
field called magnetic storms. During these storms, auroras may shift from the Polar regions toward the
Equator.
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Contributor:
• C. R. O'Dell, Ph.D., Professor of Space Physics and Astronomy, Rice University.
C. R. O'Dell, "Aurora," World Book Online Americas Edition,
http://www.aolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/wbol/wbPage/na/ar/co/038160, October 20, 2001.
All Rights Reserved: copyright 2000 "The Grant Chronicles" / e-mail [email protected]
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