UNIT 2 LESSON 2: PROTISTS AND FUNGI NOTES
What are some characteristics of protists?


The kingdom Protista is a group of ______________ organisms that cannot be
classified as fungi, plants, or animals.
Members of the kingdom Protista are called _____________, which are a very diverse
group of organisms.
Many members are not closely related or are more closely related to members of other
kingdoms, so classification of protists is likely to _______________.
Most protists are single-celled and cannot be seen without a __________________.

____________ are single-celled protists that have cell walls with unusual shapes.

Some have many cells, and some live in colonies. ______________, a kind of green
algae, has cells that form spherical colonies.

Protists have membrane-bound _____________________


Many protists have contractile ______________ that remove excess water from the cell.
Some protists have structures for movement. Most protists that move do so in order to
find _______________.
Some protists move by using ______________or ______________ structures that beat
rapidly back and forth.






Some protists have structures for movement. Most protists that move do so in order to
find ________________.
Other protists use a _________________, a whiplike structure that propels the cell
forward, to move.
___________________move by stretching their bodies, forming a pseudopod or “false
foot.” When cytoplasm flows into the pseudopod, the rest of the cell follows.
Protist Production


•
•
•
•
Most protists can reproduce ________________, when the offspring come from just one
parent.
Every organism can produce offspring that are genetically ____________ to the parent.
Protists can reproduce asexually by ___________________ and ________________.
During binary fission, a single-celled protist copies its __________DNA. The protist then
divides into two cells, each of which has a copy of the DNA.
In ________________________, a piece breaks off an organism and develops into a
new individual. Many multicellular protists reproduce this way.
Some protists reproduce sexually, when two cells, called _____________, join together.
•
Each gamete contains a single copy of the genes for the organism. A cell with one copy
of genetic material is____________; a cell with two copies is _______________.
•
Each gamete comes from a different parent. When the haploid gametes join, the diploid
offspring has a ___________________ combination of genetic material.
•
In some protists, generations________________________ alternate between using
sexual and asexual reproduction.
•
Haploid generation adults are called _________________. Diploid generation adults are
called ______________________.
UNIT 2 LESSON 2: PROTISTS AND FUNGI NOTES
•
Dipolid adults undergo _______________ to make haploid spores. Spores are
reproductive cells that are resistant to stressful environmental conditions.
•
These spores develop into haploid adults, which undergo___________________ to form
haploid gametes.
•
Two gametes join to form a diploid zygote, which grows into a diploid adult.
•
This continuing cycle is called ______________________________.
Animal Like Protists
•
•
•
Animal-like protists _________________ make their own food.
They get nutrients by __________________ other organisms. Many eat small organisms
such as bacteria, yeast, or other protists.
Most animal-like protists can move, allowing them to search for food.
Fungus Like Protists
•
•
•
Fungus-like protists absorb nutrients from the environment. Many absorb nutrients from
_________________ or _________________ organisms.
Fungus-like protists produce spores that are used in __________________.
Protists release ________________ into the environment. The spores can survive
through periods of harsh conditions.
Plant Like Protists
•
•
•
•
Plant-like protists are _________________, which means they use the sun’s energy to
make food through ______________________.
Single-celled, free-floating, plant-like protists are a main part of the ocean’s
________________________.
Phytoplankton—tiny, floating organisms—provide food for larger organisms. They also
produce much of the world’s oxygen.
Multicellular plant-like protists are called ________________.
•
All algae have the green __________________ in their cells. Many also have other
pigments.
•
Algae are grouped by color, which determines what wavelengths of light the algae can
absorb. The three main groups are___________ algae, ____________algae, and
_________________algae.
What are some characteristics of fungi?
•
•
•
________________are spore-producing organisms that absorb nutrients from the
environment.
Fungi are ___________________, which means they cannot make their own food. They
cannot move to catch organisms to eat.
Fungi get nutrients by secreting ______________________ onto a food source and then
absorbing nutrients from the dissolved food.
UNIT 2 LESSON 2: PROTISTS AND FUNGI NOTES
•
Many fungi are ______________, which get nutrients from dead matter.
•
All fungi are made of eukaryotic cells that have nuclei.
•
Fungi are unique because their cell walls contain ____________, a hard substance that
strengthens the cell walls.
•
Some fungi are single-celled. Most are made up of many cells that form chains, or
threadlike fungal filaments called_________________.
•
Most hyphae in a fungus form a twisted mass called a _____________________
•
Thread-like hyphae make up the body of this mushroom. Most of the hyphae are
underground.
•
Asexual reproduction in fungi occurs in three ways. In _____________________,
hyphae break apart, and each piece becomes a new fungus.
•
In ________________, a small portion of a parent cell pinches off to become a new
individual.
•
In asexual reproduction by ______________, hyphae produce a long stalk called a
sporangium, in which spores develop through mitosis and spread by wind.
•
In most fungi, sexual reproduction occurs when hyphae from two individuals join
together, producing a special reproductive structure.
•
Genetic material from both individuals fuse to form ______________cells. The cells
undergo meiosis to become haploid again. The spores are then released.
•
Like asexual spores, these spores also spread easily through the environment.
•
________________ fungi are named for sexual reproductive structures that produce
zygotes inside a tough capsule.
•
Most of the fungi in this group live in the soil and are _________________.
•
A _________ is a fast-growing fungus that reproduces asexually. Bread molds and
molds that rot fruit are examples of this asexual stage of a zygote fungus life cycle.
•
___________fungi, the largest group of fungi, include yeasts, powdery mildews, morels,
and bird’s-nest fungi.
•
Sac fungi reproduce asexually and sexually. Sexually produced spores develop within a
microscopic sac that then opens to release the spores.
•
Most sac fungi are _____________. Some single-celled sac fungi reproduce asexually
by budding, which occurs when a new cell pinches off from an existing one.
•
___________fungi are named for the microscopic structures in which the spores
develop.
•
Club fungi are important decomposers of ____________. Without fungi, the nutrients in
wood could not be recycled.
UNIT 2 LESSON 2: PROTISTS AND FUNGI NOTES
•
Some fungi grow on or in the roots of plants, providing nutrients to the fungus, which
helps the roots absorb minerals. This is called a ____________________.
•
A __________________ is a partnership between a fungus and a green alga or
cyanobacterium, which uses photosynthesis to make food.
•
The fungus gives protection, water, and minerals. For example, lichens provide food for
animals in ______________________ climates.