Name______________________________________ Date__________________ Per_________ Teacher _____________________
Reading Guide: Chapter 28.1 (read text pages 571-575)
STRUCTURE OF THE SUN
1e Students know the Sun is a typical star and is powered by nuclear reactions, primarily the fusion of hydrogen to form helium.
1a. What elements are found in the sun?
1b. What 2 elements make up almost all of the Sun?
92% _________________; ~8% ________________
2b. Describe the boundaries
2a. List the 3 major regions of the sun.
between the layers of the sun.
A)________________ B) ________________ C) ___________________
3. Write T or F & in the space provided, cross out and CORRECT the underlined word if False.
a. ______ The core of the sun consists of approximately 50% of the sun’s diameter.
b. ______ Like the earth, the center of the sun is a dense solid and liquid.
c. ______ Gravity of the sun is about equal to gravity on the earth, even though it’s mass is 300,000x Earth.
d. ______ The temperature of the sun’s core is about 15 million °C.
e. ______ The entire sun is made up of gas.
4b. What two physical characteristics
about the core cause this to happen?
_________________________ &
_________________________
5c. What is given off at each step of the fusion
reaction?
5d. What causes the sun to shine?
4a. What is unusual about the structure of the hydrogen
elements & protons in the core of the sun?
5a. What is nuclear fusion (see glossary)?
5b. What is hydrogen fusion?
_________________ is converted to ____________.
6a. What do each of the variables in the formula
E=mc2 represent?
E:
m:
c:
7a. Core:
______% of the Sun’s diameter
Temperature: ________________
Density: ____________________
What process is occurring?
6b. What is the formula E=mc2 used for?
7b. Radiative Zone:
Surrounds the ________________
Temperature: ________________
Energy transfer through
_______________________
What is radiation?
8a. Photosphere:
8b. Chromosphere:
“____________” sphere
“____________” sphere
Energy given off as ___________ Color: ________________
Temperature: _______________
Temperature: _______________
What is granulation? What causes it?
9. What is the solar wind?
10a. Which layer is the “surface” of the sun?
7c. Convective Zone:
Surrounds the ________________
Temperature: ________________
Energy transfer through
_________________________
What is convection?
8c. Corona:
What is it?
What else is it called? _________
Temperature: _______________
What does it prevent?
10d. Which layer is the hottest? Coolest?
10b. Which layer gives off light visible from the
earth?
10e. Which layer produces energy?
10f. Which layer radiates energy outward?
10c. Which layer(s) are only visible during a total
solar eclipse?
10g. Which layer convects energy outward?
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Name______________________________________ Date__________________ Per_________ Teacher _____________________
Reading Guide: Chapter 28.2 (read text pages 576-579)
SOLAR ACTIVITY
1e Students know the Sun is a typical star and is powered by nuclear reactions, primarily the fusion of hydrogen to form helium.
1. Solar Rotation
a. Do all parts of the sun rotate at the same speed?
b. Why/Why not?
2 What produces the powerful magnetic fields of the
sun?
a.
c. Rotation rate: Near the equator_______________
b.
d. Rotation rate: Near the poles _______________
3a. What are sunspots?
3b. How do magnetic fields produce sunspots?
1) How do strong magnetic fields affect convection?
3c. How long do sunspot cycles last? ________yrs
2) How does this affect temperature?
3d. If the sun’s magnetic field increased in strength,
what would happen to the number of sunspots?
__________________________________
4a. What are prominences?
3) How does this affect appearance?
Diagram & label : Sunspot, prominence, solar
flare & solar wind
4b. How do prominences interact with the sun’s
magnetic fields?
4c. What is the shape of prominences?
5a. What are solar flares?
5b. Where do solar flares usually occur?
5c. When are solar flares most numerous?
5d. How do solar flares affect the solar wind?
5e. How do solar flares affect earth?
7. Auroras (also called _______________________)
a. What causes auroras?
6a. What is a magnetic storm?
6b. Name two effects of magnetic storms.
1)
2)
8a. How much electricity is contained in one nights
display of the aurora?
b. Where are auroras usually seen?
8d. How are coronal mass ejections connected to the
wind?
8e. What negative effects are associated with
coronal mass ejections?
8b. What occurs during a Coronal Mass Ejection?
8c. What causes coronal mass ejections?
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Name______________________________________ Date__________________ Per_________ Teacher _____________________
NUCLEAR FUSION
What type of energy does the sun provide for us?
What is the sun’s fuel source?
Hydrogen:
How does the sun produce energy?
E=mc2
What’s involved in the nuclear fusion process?
Fusion:
Protons:
Neutrons:
Electrons:
Hydrogen:
Helium:
Hydrogen Fusion:
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Name______________________________________ Date__________________ Per_________ Teacher _____________________
Video: Nuclear Fusion
1.
What is nuclear fusion?
2.
What determines which type of element the atom is?
3.
“Opposites” attract is an example of what type of force?
4.
Why don’t protons in the nucleus repel each other?
5.
What is a nuclear reaction?
6.
Nuclear reactions release_________.
7.
What is nuclear fission?
8.
How are common hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium the same?
9.
What does the equation E=mc2 represent?
10.
What is lost in a nuclear reaction?
What happens to it?
Sun Project
I.
II.
•
•
•
Make a beautiful picture of the sun with all of the parts listed below:
1. Core
8. Solar Wind
2. Radiation Zone
9. Sun Spots
3. Convection Zone
10. The inner zone-2 zones
4. Photosphere
11. The atmosphere- 3 layers
5. Chromosphere
12. Solar flare
6. Spicules
13. Prominence
7. Corona
14. Granulation
For the core & the inner zones
Write in temperature
How energy is transferred
1 other important fact
III.
•
•
•
For the atmosphere and the other parts
Write in temperature
Definition
1 other important fact
USE:
Blue Book: Picture pg. 575; pgs. 571-575
Brown Book: Picture- pg. 656; pgs 657-661
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Name______________________________________ Date__________________ Per_________ Teacher _____________________
Explain below what happens in each step of the nuclear fusion process
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
5
STEP 4
STEP 5
Name______________________________________ Date__________________ Per_________ Teacher _____________________
Sun Structure
The sun is made up of layers. There are 6 main layers.
3 Inner Layers (inner zones) and 3 Outer Layers (atmosphere)
Inner Zones
Atmosphere
1
1
2
2
3
3
Blue Book: p571-575
Layer Name
Temperature
Energy transfer
Fact
Inner
Zones
Layer Name
“other” name
Fact 1
Fact 2
Atmosphere
There are many features and phenomena that can be observed either on the surface of
the sun or in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Define the following words. Brown Book p655
Word
Definition
Sun Spots
Solar Flares
Prominences
Solar Winds
Granulation
Spicules
Aurora
Magnetic field
Nuclear Fusion
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Name______________________________________ Date__________________ Per_________ Teacher _____________________
SUN DIAGRAM REVIEW
Part I. Name each of the numbered features from the sun picture.
1. ______________________
2. ______________________
3. ______________________
4. ______________________
5. ______________________
6. ______________________
7. ______________________
8. ______________________
9. ______________________
10. ______________________
Part II: Match the features shown on the diagram with the statements below.
______________ A. Where does hydrogen fusion take place?
______________ B. Dark areas of the sun that are cooler than the surrounding areas and are
caused by the sun's magnetic field.
______________ C. Lowest layer of the sun's atmosphere that gives off light.
______________ D. Charged particles (ions) that continually escape from the corona and move
through space.
______________ E. Huge, arching columns of glowing gas.
______________ F. Gases near a sunspot that suddenly brighten, shooting gases outward at
high speed.
______________ G. The sunlight we see from earth that is used for photosynthesis.
______________ H. The "surface" of the sun.
______________ I. Energy moves in the form of electromagnetic waves.
______________ J. Energy is transferred through the movement of gases.
______________ K. Color sphere. Gases glow red.
______________ L. Outermost layer of the sun's atmosphere.
______________ M. Not normally seen from Earth, except during an eclipse.
______________ N. May cause magnetic storms on Earth or sudden disturbances that
interfere with radio communications on Earth.
______________ O. Created the auroras on Earth.
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