Name:____________________________________#________ Date:___________________ Chapter 3 Settlements Take Root Lesson 1 ­ “The Spanish Colony in the Americas” 66­71 monarchs­​
a ruler of a country (king or queen) They would fund journeys and give away land. encomienda​
­ Gift of land given away by the King of Spain­usually to his friends. Owners of the encomienda would control the land and all native peoples living on it. They usually became their slaves. class structure­​
Organization of people in a society based on wealth and power. In New Spain the top would be Peninsulares (100% Spanish blood born in Spain). Creoles are next in line. (100% Spanish blood but born in New Spain) Below them would be Mestizos (mixed Spanish and Native American blood. This is the biggest group) The bottom would be slaves (African and Native Americans) St. Augustine​
­ 1st settlement in what is today United States. Settled by the Spanish as a fort to protect the ships sailing through the area. missionary­ ​
a person who is sent to share their religion. Spanish sent missionaries to spread Christianity. Spanish missions​
­ A church like building that missionaries would work out of. These would be the center of towns in New Spain. ­​
2 goals­​
1. Start settlements to make money for Spain 2. Spread Christianity ­economy­​
Plantations and ranches sent goods back to Spain ­effects on Native Americans­ ​
Native Americans lost their lands and were forced into Christianity and slavery. Many ended up dead from disease or being overworked. Lesson 2 ­ “The English Colonies in Virginia” 72­79 Roanoke Island​
­ Queen Elizabeth of England wanted an attempt at a first English colony. This was the failed attempt. After running out of supplies a couple of times, the colony mysteriously disappeared with only a carving of CROATOAN found in a nearby tree. Was in what is today North Carolina. Sir Walter Raleigh­​
He found the site where Roanoke was started. drought­​
long period without rain. MIght be the reason the Native Americans stopped helping the colonists at Roanoke. John White­ ​
Leader at Roanoke who went back for supplies in England only to find his colony gone when he returned years later. (He took years to return because his ship was taken from him during a war) investor­​
businessmen who provided money to start a colony like Jamestown. They would take a percentage of the profits made at the colony. Jamestown­​
First successful colony. Found in Virginia on the James River. three factors for survival ­ 1. Pick a site up river that was easy to defend. 2. Set up jobs for each of the colonists ● build houses ● plant crops ● look for gold or a passage to Asia Virginia Company­​
The company granted permission to start Jamestown. John Rolfe​
­ He discovered the type of tobacco that grew well at Jamestown and saved the colony by making so much money for the investors. Captain John Smith­​
Leader at Jamestown. Said, “He that will not work, shall not eat.” He said this when everyone stopped looking for gold and quit doing hard work. The ‘Starving Time’. cash crop­​
crops harvested not for personal use, but to sell and make money. Tobacco in Jamestown. House of Burgesses­ ​
Landowners in Virginia started this representative government to make laws in America not laws created in England. representatives­ ​
people who are chosen to make decisions/vote. Like at the House of Burgesses. Lesson 3 ­ Pilgrims and Puritans in New England 80­87 Pilgrims­​
Came to America from England to escape persecution. They were separatists who wanted to separate from Church of England. Headed out for Virginia, but ended up in present day Massachusetts after a storm blew them off course. 1620. Mayflower Compact­ ​
Agreement the men of the Mayflower made at Cape Cod before landing at Plymouth. Set up rules and agreed to make fair laws. Pilgrims­Wampanoag­​
Helped the Pilgrims. Squanto was an interpreter for the group. Also helped them to plant corn. Plymouth Plantation­​
First settlement for the Pilgrims. indentured servant­​
Agreed to work for a landowner for a set amount of years. Usually around 7­10 years. Was provided the voyage over and food and clothes in exchnage for the work. Provided young men in England a chance at a new life. Different from a slave in that they were eventually freed and were given a choice in doing it. Puritans­​
Strict religious group from England who also wanted religious freedom like the Pilgrims. Much larger group than the Pilgrims. Started Massachusetts Bay Colony and settlement of Boston with 700 people. Grew to 16000 in 10 years. Masssachusetts Bay Colony­​
Original colony of the Puritans. Lesson 4 ­ The French and Dutch in North America 90­95 Northwest Passage­ ​
A route France and other countries hoped woudl go through America to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans to give quicker access to Asia. It didn’t exist though. Jacques Cartier­​
Searched for the Northwest passage down St. Lawrence River but instead claimed the land for France. Samuel de Champlain​
­ Started New France by setting up trading posts on St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes. Made peace and traded with the Huron Indians who helped in trapping. New France​
­ Settlement in Americas by France. Economy was based on fur trading. New Netherland­ ​
Settled by the Dutch. Present day New York. Invited people from all countries and religions to settle their colony.