Henry VIII
1509-1537
The Tudors
• The Tudors were a royal
family who ruled
England from 1485
until 1603.
• The first Tudor king
was called Henry VII.
• He fought another king,
Richard III, at the
Battle of Bosworth in
1485. Richard was
killed, Henry became
king, and a new period
of history began.
Henry VII
Henry VII and Elisabeth of York
Henry VII and his wife had 4 children:
son Arthur was their heir.
Arthur was promised to the Spanish Princess
Catharine of Aragon, daughter of Ferdinand of
Aragon and Isabella of Castille.
They were wed when they were 15.
Arthur and Catherine
Arthur died soon, leaving Catherine a widow at 15.
Henry VIII
• He was a bright boy, excellent in
French and Latin.
• He was not raised to be a king.
• He was also a good musician, he
played the recorder, the piano and
used to write songs.
• He used to play tennis and
wrestling
• He really enjoyed hunting.
Catherine of Aragon
Henry VIII
•Youngest child of the ‘Catholic Kings’ of
Spain.
•Age 23, married King Henry VIII on June
11th 1509 in Greyfriars Church, Greenwich.
•Age 30, gave birth to Princess Mary.
•Died 7th January 1536 of a broken heart,
aged 50.
Katherine of Aragon
16th December 1485 to 7th January 1536
Anne
Boleyn
Lady-in-waiting to Chaterine
She was elegant, well-mannered and
very beautiful.
She was sharp and had a fiery
temper.
I need a son. I have
been married for 20
years and my wife,
Catherine of Aragon
is too old to have any
more children. Who
will inherit my throne
when I die?
Anne Boleyn. If only I
could marry her instead.
Will the Pope give me a
divorce?
The new Protestant
ideas are spreading
in Germany.
Princes there are
reforming their
churches and
throwing out the
Catholic Church.
The Church takes
money out my
country in taxes .
I don’t want the Pope to interfere with
my decisions. I cannot depend on him.
The king’s great matter
• Catherine refused
to accept the
divorce.
• Henry sent
Cardinal Wolsey to
Rome to obtain
divorce, but the
Pope didn’t agree.
Religious Controversy
• Henry decides to break from the Church.
• He creates the Act of Supremacy
THE ACT OF SUPREMACY (1534)
Albeit, the King's Majesty justly and rightfully is and oweth to be
the supreme head of the Church of England, and so is
recognised by the clergy of this realm in their Convocations; yet
nevertheless for corroboration and confirmation thereof, and for
increase of virtue in Christ's religion within this realm of England, and
to repress and extirp all errors, heresies and other enormities and
abuses heretofore used in the same, Be it enacted by authority of this
present Parliament that the King our sovereign lord, his heirs and
successors kings of this realm, shall be taken, accepted and
reputed the only supreme head in earth of the Church of England
called Anglicana Ecclesia, and shall have and enjoy annexed and
united to the imperial crown of this realm as well the title and style
thereof, as all honours, dignities, preeminences, jurisdictions,
privileges, authorities, immunities, profits and commodities, to the said
dignity of supreme head of the same Church belonging and
appertaining.
Henry breaks with the Church
• Henry creates the Church of England, which is
also known as the Anglican Church, and
declares himself head of the Church.
• Then he divorces Catherine and marries Anne.
Henry’s Conflict with The
Church
• Henry dismissed his
Lord Chancellor,
Wolsey because he was
unable to get an
annulment, and
appointed Sir Thomas
More
• Henry had always
admired Sir Thomas,
but when Sir Thomas
refused to sign the Act
of Supremacy, he was
beheaded.
•She gave birth to Princess Elizabeth
the following year.
•Anne started to interfere with the
decision in politics.
•Her strong will and temper had made
her unpopular.
•She lost a second baby so Henry
started to think the marrieage was
cursed.
•Henry decided to get rid of her. Sho he
managed to accuse her of witchcraft
and treason she was sentenced to
death.
•Died 19th May 1536 in the Tower of
London, she was beheaded.
1501/02 to 19th May 1536
Anne Boleyn
•She was Lady-in-waiting to Anne Boleyn .
•She married King Henry VIII on 20th May
1536 in York Place.
•It is said that she was the favourite wife of
Henry VIII.
•On 12th October 1537 she gave birth to
Prince Edward.
•Jane grew sick after giving birth.
•She died on 24th October 1537, aged
between 28-33.
Jane
Seymour
1504-09 to 24th October 1537
•Born in Dusseldorf (Germany) in 1516.
•Holbein, a famous artist from the era,
was commissioned to paint her portrait
for Henry VIII before he met her.
•She married King Henry VIII on January
6th 1540 .
•Henry thought she was ugly and too
rigorous.
•4 months later she allowed King Henry
VIII to have the marriage annulled.
•Henry ensured she was well taken care
of and she lived a happy independent life
with many homes in England.
1516 to 1557
•Died 1557 of illness aged 41.
Anne of Cleves
• We don’t know her date of birth, it is
guessed to be 1521.
•She was a lady-in-waiting to Anne of
Cleves and the cousin of the ill fated Anne
Boleyn.
•Henry called her his ‘Rose without a
Thorn’.
•Aged about 19, she married King Henry
VIII on July 28th 1540 in Oatlands Palace,
Surrey.
•Accused of adultery she was sentenced
to death.
•Died 13th February 1542 (6 years after
her cousin) in the Tower of London, she
was beheaded, aged about 20.
Kathryn Howard
1521 to 13th February 1542
•Born in 1512. She was twice widowed
and childless.
•She was 30 when she married King
Henry VIII on 12th July 1543 in Hampton
Court Palace.
•Henry passed away 28th January 1547.
•She promptly married Thomas Seymour,
brother of Jane Seymour, as soon as
Henry died.
•Katharine had a baby girl on the 30th
August 1548 but soon became ill and
passed away 6 days later aged 35.
1512 to 5th September 1548
Katharine Parr
The Tudors
Edward VI
He was the son of henry VIII and Jane
Seymour - a protestant who became king
at the age of 9.
But he was sickly and died at the age of
16.
During his kingship, England was largely
under the rule of Edward's council, which
included Thomas Seymour .
Jane Grey
In need of a lady of the household, he brought in
lady Jane Grey (henry viii’s grand-niece), saying he
would marry her off to Edward VI
 Seymour wanted lady jane grey as the next
queen, as opposed to Edward's sister Mary, who
was catholic.
She was queen for nine days but then she was
executed.
Mary I (Bloody Mary)
Mary was the daughter of Henry VIII
and Catharine of Aragon.
During her childhood, Mary was
persecuted by Henry when he wanted to
annul his marriage to her mother.
As Queen she attempted to restore
Catholicism, and she married the young
Philip from Spain.
She also had more than 300
Protestants killed.
None of these actions was popular with
the now firmly entrenched Protestant
England
Elizabeth I
After Mary’s death, the
red-haired daughter of
Henry VIII and Anne
Boleyn became England’s
greatest leader.
She kept control of
England by refusing to
marry anyone and playing
one noble against another
– many hoping to marry
the Queen.
She restored the Anglican
Church.
She became a patron of
the arts, and brought
England to the position of
world power with the
defeat of the Spanish
Armada in 1588.
Mary (Stuart), Queen of Scots
Mary was the daughter of James V Tudor.
When Francois II died, she became to be
Queen of Scotland.
English Catholics believed that she was
the only legitimate heir after Mary I’s death –
they rallied around her.
Given the threat, Mary was brought to
Eng. as a “guest” (prisoner)
This again raised the succession
issue…the Protestant Elizabeth had a
Catholic successor…and Mary became
“more” Catholic…
Mary was a symbol, and rebellion began
in the countryside.
Elisabeth had her executed after 18 years
of confinement.
JAMES I
James I of England
was James VI of
Scotland. His mother
was Mary Queen of
Scots, and at Elizabeth
I’s death, James was
named her heir.
He was raised as a
Protestant since his
mother was confined in
a tower.