Bellwork
Quiz over Atom
Reading Quiz 4.4 Radiation
I ❤ Chemistry
Finish the Game
Bellwork
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What do you know about radiation?
What do you think causes radiation?
How do you detect radiation?
What makes radiation dangerous?
Why are nuclear weaponry dangerous?
How many nuclear weapons have been
detonated?
Radiation: Where does it come from?
● Strong and Weak Force Video
○ What Radiation type does weak control?
○ Why is the strong force important?
○ What makes atoms unstable?
● What does e = mc2 mean?
○
○
○
○
NRG and matter can be converted
For atoms the sum of the parts is greater than the whole
Stars/H-Bombs combine (fuse) light elements
Reactors/A-Bombs break (fiss) large atoms
Types of Radiation
3 Common/Natural Ionizing Types
● Alpha: α : He
● Beta: β : e● ElectroMagnetic/EM
4
2
0
-1
○ Gamma: : Pure NRG: No mass or charge
○ X-Ray: Pure NRG
Types Continued
● Uncommon and Man-Made
○ neutron: no
○ positron: β+: e+
● Non-Ionizing
○ Rest of EM spectrum: Visible Light, radio waves, etc
○ Mostly Harmless
A Banana Slug: Ariolimax columbianus
What happens in Nuclear Decay?
•Atoms change their nucleus
•p+ hate each other and repel: EM force
•no help bind p+ together: Strong Force
•Strong Force > EM Force = Stable
•Certain ratios of p+ and no are un/stable : Tc and Pm
•To improve stability something changes
•Alpha particles emitted
•beta particle emitted
•NRG stored in nucleus comes out (gamma and x-rays)
Mythbusters Video
How does this represent Nuclear Stability?
Nuclear Decay vs Reactions
• Reactions: Fission and Fusion
• Fission: Breaking something big into two or
more smaller parts
• Fusion: taking two small parts and making a
big thing
• Fe is the energetic limit
• What does this mean?
Bellwork
1. What are the masses and charges of the most
common radiation types?(3)
2. What tries to break apart the nucleus?
3. What tries to hold the nucleus together?
4. What type of radiation does the weak force
create?
5. What determines if an atom is radioactive or
stable?(Forces)
Mythbusters Video
How does this represent Nuclear Stability?
Eating a Banana Slug
Nuclear Equations
•Mass is conserved
•Charge is conserved
•→ Means Yields
•Alpha
•U -238
•Ra- 236
•Am- 241
•Beta
•C-14
•I-138
•Mg-23
Bellwork
1.
2.
3.
4.
What causes radiation?
Are you radioactive?
What are the types of radiation?
What is a cloud chamber?
Nuclear Detonations
1. Why might this be a problem?
Radiation Shielding
• Alpha - big and slow - paper, air, skin,
cloths, etc
• dangerous if emitter is in the body
• Beta - small and fast - plexiglass,
aluminium
• Gamma - supa fast - lead and other extra
dense
• Neutron- boron and neutron acceptors
• can make materials radioactive
• get absorbed by nuclei
Graph Reading
1. What do the axes
represent?
2. What color is stable?
3. What is the straight line?
4. More neutrons than the
stable = no heavy
5. Less neutrons than the
stable = no light
6. More protons than Pb = just
plain heavy
7. Magic Numbers
2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126
Predict Decay Types
A.
B.
C.
Neutron Light
Neutron Heavy
Just Plain Heavy
1. How do these three types
typically breakdown?
2. Where is 1:1 ratio stable?
3. What is the ratio for Pb?
Element Abundance in the Universe
1. What trends do you notice?
Element Abundance in the Universe
1. Why are Fe and Pb more common?
2. Odd vs. Even?
3. Li, Be, B?
Nuclear Equation Practice
Alpha
Beta
U-233
Gd-149
Th-232
Pt -175
Np-237
Sr-90
Np-239
Am-247
Br-82
Tc-99
Nuclear Weapons
Video Urls
http://www.dnatube.com/video/1828/The-Weak-and-Strong-Nuclear-Forces-9-of-15
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOt-D_ee-JE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLCF7vPanrY