4.
FISHERIES AND MARINE SERVICE
Translation Series No. 4472
Analysis by Roach's theory of accumulation of organic
chloride solvents in fish
by H. Osaki, and M. Ogata
Original title: Rochi no riron ni yoru gyotai e no yukiensoyozai no
chikusekikatei no kaiseki
From: Igaku to Seibutsugaku 94: 537-541, 1977
Translated by the Translation Bureau(PKW/PS)
Multilingual Services Division
Department of the Secretary of State of Canada
Department of the Environment
Fisheries and Marine Service
Biolgical Station
St. Andrews, N.B.
1979
8
pages typescript
DEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE
SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT
TRANSLATION BUREAU
BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS
DIVISION DES SERVICES
MULTILINGUAL SERVICES
CANADA
DIVISION
MULTILINGUES
TRANSLATED FROM - TRADUCTION DE
Fé/1 1
INTO - EN
English
Japanese
AUTHOR - AUTEUR
OSAKI, Hirokazu and OGATA, Masana
TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS
Analysis by Roach , s Theory o Accumulation of Organic Chloriae Solvents
in Fish
TITLE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS)
TITRE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS)
Rochi no riron ni yoru gyotai e no yukiensoyozai no chikuseLikatei no
kaiseki
REFERENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE (NAME OF BOOK OR PUBLICATION) IN FULL. TRANSLITERATE FOREIGN CHARACTERS.
RÉFÉRENCE EN LANGUE ÉTRANGÉRE (NOM DU LIVRE OU PUBLICATION), AU COMPLET, TRANSCRIRE EN CARACTÉRES ROMAINS.
Igaku to Seibutsugaku
REFERENCE IN ENGLISH - RÉFÉRENCE EN ANGLAIS
Medicine and Biology
PUBLISHER - ÉDITEUR
YEAR
ANNÉE
PLACE OF PUBLICATION
LIEU DE PUBLICATION
1977
Japan
REQUESTING DEPARTMENT
MINISTRE -CLIENT
BRANCH OR DIVISION
DIRECTION OU DIVISION
PERSON REQUESTING
DEMANDÉ PAR
PAGE NUMBERS IN ORIGINAL
NUMÉROS DES PAGES DANS
L'ORI GI NAL
DATE OF PUBLICATION
DATE DE PUBLICATION
VOLUME
537-541
ISSUE NO.
NUMÉRO
NUMBER OF TYPED PAGES
NOMBRE DE PAGES
DACTYLOGRAPHIÉES
94
8
DIPE
TRANSLATION BUREAU NO.
1846245
NOTRE DOSSIER N 0
Fisheries
TRANSLATOR (INITIALS)
TRADUCTEUR (INITIALES)
FEU/PS
Dr. V. ZatKO
MAR 2 9 1979
YOUR NUMBER
VOTRE DOSSIER N 0
DATE OF REQUEST
DATE DE LA DEMANDE
505.200-10-6 (REV. 2/68)
7830-21-029-5333
2.2.
79
.UNED1TED TRANSLAT:0:4
For information only
TRADUCTiON NON REVISEE
informeion
Secrétariat
Secretary
d'État
. 114e ' dt State
MULTILINGUAL SERVICES DIVISION
-
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Japanese to English
PKW /Ps
.MAR 2 9 19 79
ANALYSIS BY ROACH'S THEORY OF ACCUKULATnN
OF ORGNIC CHLORIDE SOLVENTS IN FISH
By Hirokazu OSAKI and Masana OUATA
(Department of Industrial Science, School
of Enineering and Department of i)ublic Health,
Medical School, Okayama University, Okayama)
Up to the present time, in the application of Roach's theory to the
accumulation of petroleum components in fish, analysià has been centred chiefly
2 3)
on the coefficient of elimination '
Essentially, the analysis of the accumulation cannot be tc.ken as complete
unless it takes into consideration both the coefficient of absorption and
the coefficient of elimination. In order to determine the coefficient of
absorption, however, the concentration of each component in trie water where
the fish are living must first be established.
This paper, then, is the report of an anal y sis using the coefficlent
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of absorption and the coefficient of elimination contained in Roacn's theory,
based on the results
1)
of an experiment conducted by OGATA, °GINO and ISHIDA.
That experiment involved the absorption of certain components by fish -guppy
, goldfish, loaches and eels -- raised in water tanks containing
a fixed conctncati.cin of 5 types of organic-chloride-solvent components, tetra-
chloroethylene, chloroform, trichloroethylene*, 1.1.1-trichloroethane and
ce
carbon tetrachloride.
*Translator's note: "Trichloroethylene" was omitted, probably by mistake,
from the Japanese text.
SEC 5-25 (Rev. 6/78)
5-67
-2METHOD
Th.e glImpy, goldfish, loaches and eels were raised in ater tanks holding
40 L of saturated water containing -5 types of organic-chloride-solvent components:
Tetrachloroethylene
: 0.23 ppm
Chloroform
: 2.90 p lmil
Trichloroethylene
: 0.73 PlIn
1.1.1-trichloroethane
: 1.20 ppm
Carbon tetrachloride
: 0.)3 Pfe
In order to maintain a fixed concentration in the tanKs,.saturated water
was fed into them at a rate of 35 niL/min.
The amount of accumulation
of each component em the flesh of
the fish was measured using a gas chromatogranh (ECD) 20 min, 9 40 min., 1, 1,5, 2,
4, 7, and ) h
after the fish were placed in the tanKs (20 °C) and the measure-
ments are shown in mg/Kg units. The details are shown in 1) of the refereuces.
An electronic computer was used in applying tnem to Roach's tneory.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1.
Accumulation of Tetrachloroethylene
In applying Roach's theory to the amont of accumulation in each fish,
the coefficient of absorptiùn (K), the coefficient of elimination (a), the
half-value period (T), the greatest amount of accumulation (xœp) and tne
estimation curve (te) were measured and are shown in Table 1.
Considering first the coefficient of elimination, in the - guppy
, the
loaches and the eels they were almost identical at 0.6, showing that the rate
of elimination from the fishN..uare the same. In the goldfish it was 0.76, slightly
higher than in the other fish. For this reason, -Lie half-value period was
5'58
-3the shortest, 0.9 h, in the case of the goldfish, anu 1.2 h
in trie case
of the guppy, the loacnes and the eels, and it was clear that tetrachloroethylene was the most rapidlj eliminated from trie fish.
Next, considering the coefficient of absorption, whereby the components
are taKen into trie bodies of trie fish, in the loches it was 2.5, in trie
goldfish and the
guppy
it was almost identical at 3.4 and 3.d, and in
the eels it was 18.4, increasing in that order. From tnese results it was
shown that there are quite large variations in the coefficient of absorption
depending on the type of fish.
The greatest amount of accumulation is the product of trie concentration
and (the coefficient of absorption/ the coefficient of elimination). It was
then shown that since the concentration was the same at 3.2J mg/1 ana also
since there was no variation in the coefficient of elimination depending
on the type of fish, the differences in the greatebt amount of accumulation
would arise on account
of differences in the coefficient of absorption.
The estimation curve corresponding to tne amount of accumulation in
the goldfish is shown in Fig. 1.
2.
Accumulation of Other Components
An analysis was 4ade of the accumulation of chloroform, 1.1.1-trionloroethane, trichloroethylene and carbon tetrachloride in eels.
rhe results are
shown in Table 2.
It
WazD
shown that the coefficient of elimination differs depending on
the component. It is the smallest, at 0.124, in the case of trichloroethylene.
When examined, it was shown that, of the 5 types of components, it was eliminated from the fish in the smallest amounts and its half-value period was
the longest, at 5.6 h.
The value for carbon tetrachloride was 0.3, for
.
-4-
.
1.1.1-trichloroethane, 0.43, and for chloroform, 0.66, increasing in tndt
order. The coefficient of elimination of cnioroform was almost identical
to that of tetrachloroethylene, and tneir half-value periods as well were
approximately 1 h, Moreover, the half-value period of 1.1.1-trichloroetnane
was 1.6 h,
ana,that of carbon tetrachloride, 2.3 h,
Apart from trichloro-
ethylene, the half-value periods In all cases weLe shown to be extremely
short, less than 2.5 h.
The coefficient of absorption was the lowest, at 3.45, in the case of
trichloroethylene. Since the coefficient of elimination of trichioroetnylene
was the smaLlest when compared with tne other components, it is a comixment
that does not enter the fish easily, but once it has entereu, it is not easily
eliminated.
The values increased subsequentlà to 5.c, with 1.1.1-trichloroethane,
6.8 with chloroform and 8.2 with carbon tetrachloriae. For this reason, the
ratio of the largest to the smallest value of the coefficient of absorption
for each component was approximately 2.0, approximately 5 times smaller
than the coefficient of elimination.
From these results, it was found that, in the eels, the differences
in the components other than tetrachloroethylene appear chiefly as differences
in the coefficient of elimination.
The amont of accumulation and the estimation curve corresponuing to
the measured values for chloroform in the eels are shown in Fig. 2.
3.
Ratio of the Coefficient of Absorption to the Coefficient of Elimination
Because of the different concentration of each component, an effective
method of measuring the amount of accumulation with a uniform standard is
to use the values of -fte ratio of the coefficient of absorption to tue coefficient of elimination. The values of trie ratio for edcn component are
-5shown in Table 3.
The value of the ratio for tetrachloroethylene was 4.2 in the case of
the loaches, 4.5 in the case of the go,dfish, 6.4 in tne case of the guppy
and 31.8 in the case of the eels, increasing in tnat order. It was shown .
that, in the fish other- than - eels, the amount of accumulation was small.
In the eels, however, the values of the ratio were 10.2 for chloroform,
13.1 for 1.1.1-trichloroethane, 27.5 for carbon tetrachloride, 27.b for tiichloroethylene and 31.8 for tetrachloroethylene, increasing in tnat order.
Chloroform and 1.1.1-trichloroethane, then, han the same
adiouht
of accumulation
at roughly 10, for carbon tetrachloride and trichloroetnyiene It was roughly
27
and the amount of accumulation of tetrachloroethylene was roughLy 30 and
it was shown to have the largest adiount of accumulation of ail
tne
cowponeots
exanined.
4.
Comparison with the Half-value Periods of Petroleum Components
In the eels, the half-value peliods of the princi l2a1 petroleum components,
benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m- and p-xylene, were 9 daj s, 9.6 days, 11.7 day s
and 12 days 1) . Of the half-value periods of organic-chloride-solvent components
examined on this occasion, however, the shortest was that of tetrachloroetnylene
in goldfish, 0.91 hrs, and the longest was that of trichloroethylene In eels,
5.6 hrs. These half-value periods were shown to be extremely short compared
with those of petroleum components.
In the experiment examining the accumulation of petioleum cod4Donents
in fish, experiments lasting 2 or 3 weeKs were conductea using 1 day as the
unit, but since, in the case of organic chloride solvents, the experiments
lasted 2 days and used 1 h. as the unit, it is believed that large variations
such as these occurred during the half-value periods.
-6CONCLUSIoN
As a result of analysis by hoachis theory, of the results of trie measurement by OGATA, OGINO and ISHIDA of accumulation in various types of fish
reared under.conditions'such that the 'concentration of organic-chloride-solvent
components contained In the water is Known, the following facts have become
510
clear:
1.
The coefficient of elimination of tetrachloroethylene did not vary
greatly depending on the type of fish; the values were between 0.5b ana 0.76,
and in addition, the half-value period was approximatel I h. Trie coefficient
of absorption, however, varied according to the fish and was shown to be
the highest in
eels and low in
guppy
,
goLdfish and
loaches,
from 2.5 to 3.8 with other components present as well.
2.
In the eels, it was shown that there were uifferences in the coefficient
of absorption and the coefficient of elimination depending on the organicchloride-solvent component. In particular, terachloroethylene had trie largest
coefficient of absorption and trichloroethylene had thL s,allest coefficient
of elimination.
In concluding this paper, the authors wish to express their deep gratitude to
Professor Susuffiu KiKuchi of the School of Engineering, 0Ka y ama University,
for his generous and valuable advice.
-7-
Table
t.
ol.. Tetrachlvrocen_y lellie.
In Élie lu.à.les .:51
te s eS..„.1. ,,,,à 4. Gm.,,..k 4
4, icat Cl.,....,ntitsV owaki.... C...u.ve
(k)
pe‘ io a (T) ..)-Acz.......elation ( 0
C.Koof--- 1
Vni- n u.
Fialt
EC.:n....st...atuoniAt
gUP.11-Y
goloiS-is!,
Le%ches
0.291110
3.792
0.596
1.1611.1f
1.85 inglcg ; 1.85(1- c - o• , '"',
0.29
3.382
0.7G1
0.91
1.29
.29
2.492
0.599
1.1G : 1.21.
0.29
18.132
0.57
1.20
)
Eels
HeiLi,
)
1
1 1.29(1 c .- .-""
1
,
I :21 (1- e
I
9.23
.
0.0
0
2
1
.1
3
7
8
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i';:/:(.1::-.-ili.J%3 •.i. l''
11 1
6
5
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Comilerte,aks
1
CO reitenetà$
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0.73
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REFERENCES
1) OGATA Masana, OGINO Yasuo and ISHIDA Tateo: Ensokei yuki yozairui no
gyorui e no iko (Absorption of Organic Chloride Solvents by Fish) (1st
report). Koeishi (Journal of Public Health) 1977, publication pending.
2) OSAKI, Hirokazu: Rochi no riron ni yoru gyotai e no sekiyu seibun no
chikuseki katei no kaiseki, sekiyu seibun no kaiyo osen ni tomonau yushugyo
no hassei to toku ni sono igakuteki kenkyu (Analysis by Roach's Theory,
of Accumulation of Petroleum Components in Fish, The Occurrente of Oilsmelling Fish in Connection with Pollution of the Oceans with Petroleum
Components, with Special Emphasis on Research into its Medical Implications
(1). 33-36 1975.
3) OSAKI, Hirokazu and OGATA, Masana: Sekiyu nado no osenbusshitsu no gyotai
ya seitai e no chikuseki Katei no suiteishiki (Estimation of Accumulation
in Fish and Other Life Forms of Contaminants such as Petroleum) this journal
93(3): 157-160 1975.
.
1)
.
!Jr,
;
f II
: 16 1975
( 7:1'; I W).
2) );M:q
,•-)
ti
('
';!:!:((f) ).':d
.1.
-:'1.1:16/1-7■ :
.1 )
' 3)
,
11:.
-it 90(3) : l57-160 1975
(received: February 28, 1977)
(mailing address: Masana OGATA, Department of Public Health, Medical School,
Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikadacho, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture 700)