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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 13
HOMEWORK 13-1
(pp. 395–397)
VOCABULARY
Define.
1. heterogeneous mixture _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. homogeneous mixture _______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. components ________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. soluble ____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Make a tree diagram to show the possible solute-solvent combinations in solutions.
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which describes the solvent in any solution?
a. the substance being dissolved
b. the dissolving medium
c. a liquid
d. a solid
2. Which describes the dissolved substance in a solution?
a. a solid
b. a gas
c. the solute
d. the solvent
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 13
HOMEWORK 13-2
(pp. 397–400)
VOCABULARY
Select the term in Column B that is most closely related to each term in Column A.
Column A
Column B
1. suspension _____
a. sugar solution
2. colloid _____
b. salt solution
3. electrolyte _____
c. sol
4. nonelectrolyte _____
d. gas
e. muddy water
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Make a list of colloids found in your home. Then make a table showing the class and phase of each.
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which describes a colloid in which a liquid is dispersed in gas?
a. smoke
b. smog
c. foam
d. fog
2. In which would the Tyndall effect be used to distinguish one from the other?
a. a solution and a suspension
b. a solution and a colloid
c. a colloid and a solution
d. a colloid and a compound
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 13
HOMEWORK 13-3
(pp. 401–404)
VOCABULARY
If the statement is true, write true. If the statement is false, replace the underlined term with the
term that makes the statement true.
1. A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute is a(n) unsaturated solution. ____________
2. A supersaturated solution contains less solute than a saturated solution under the same conditions.
____________
3. A(n) dynamic equilibrium exists between dissolution and crystallization of a substance dissolved in
water. ____________
4. The speed with which sugar dissolves in tea depends on the temperature of the tea. ____________
5. Collisions between solvent molecules and solute are more frequent at lower than higher temperatures.
____________
EXPERIMENT
A photographer adds 300 g of hypo to 100 g of water in a beaker and heats it to 45°C. A few
crystals remain at the bottom of the beaker. She adds more hypo and raises the temperature to
80°C to be sure all the hypo is dissolved. She lets the solution cool and leaves it undisturbed. She
then adds a tiny crystal of hypo. A large amount of hypo crystallizes immediately. Chemists would
say that the solution is supersaturated.
1. What is a supersaturated solution? _____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. How could the photographer get the crystals back into solution? _____________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. What must be specified for the solubility of a gas but not for a solid?
a. pressure
b. temperature
c. formula
d. atomic mass
2. Which describes solution equilibrium?
a. Dissolution is faster than crystallization.
b. Dissolution is slower than crystallization.
c. Dissolution and crystallization occur at equal rates.
d. Dissolution and crystallization occur at different rates.
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 13
HOMEWORK 13-4
(pp. 404–407)
VOCABULARY
Write yes or no.
1. Is gasoline more soluble in water than in benzene? ____________
2. In the solution process, is water the solvent referred to by the term hydration? ____________
3. Are ionic compounds usually soluble in nonpolar solvents? ____________
4. Does the solubility of gases in water increase with temperature? ____________
5. Does a change in pressure of gases change their solubility in water? ____________
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Use the data in Table 13-4 on page 404 to answer each question.
1. At what temperature do 238 g of C12H22O11 dissolve in water? ________________________________
2. At 60°C, how many grams of AgNO3 dissolve in water? ____________________________________
3. Which two compounds decrease in stability with increased temperature? _______________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. Which compound is insoluble in water at 100°C? __________________________________________
5. Write your own question and answer, using the data in the table. _____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which describes liquid solutes and solvents that are not soluble in each other?
a. hydrogen bond
b. hydrated
c. miscible
d. immiscible
2. Which statement is true?
a. Hydrated copper(II) sulfate has no water trapped in it.
b. CaSO4 is an anhydrous compound.
c. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a polar solvent.
d. London forces are strong between nonpolar compounds.
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 13
HOMEWORK 13-5
(pp. 407–411)
VOCABULARY
Fill in the blank with the correct term.
1. A solute particle surrounded by solvent molecules is ______________________.
2. The solubility of gases in water decreases as the temperature of the water ______________________.
3. The rapid escape of gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved is ______________________.
4. The heat energy absorbed or released when a specific amount of solute dissolves in a solvent is the
______________________.
5. The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the
surface of the liquid according to ______________________.
EXPERIMENT
A scientist added 100 mL of water at the same temperature to two beakers, labeled A and B. Next
he placed a thermometer in each beaker. He added 10 g of NaOH to beaker A. As the NaOH
dissolved, the temperature in the beaker increased. He added 10 g of NaNO3 to beaker B. As the
NaNO3 dissolved, the temperature of the beaker decreased.
1. Is the process in beaker A exothermic or endothermic? ________________________________
2. Is the process in beaker B exothermic or endothermic? ____________________________________
3. What is the scientist studying in this experiment? _______________________________
4. Is the heat of solution positive or negative when heat is released? _____________________________
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. To which class of chemicals does artificial blood, C8F17Br, belong?
a. oxygents
b. perfluorocarbons
c. HIV
d. hemoglobins
2. Which statement is true of all compounds?
a. They increase in solubility with an increase in temperature.
b. They decrease in solubility with a decrease in temperature.
c. They increase in solubility with a decrease in temperature.
d. Each has its own specific solubility in relation to temperature.
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 13
HOMEWORK 13-6
(pp. 412–415)
VOCABULARY
Define.
1. concentration _______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. dilute _____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. concentrated _______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. molarity ___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
EXPERIMENT
José and Al want to prepare a liter of a molar solution of fructose. They have a liter graduated
cylinder, a balance, a stirring rod, and a container of fructose (C6H12O6). They determine the gram
molecular mass of fructose as 192 (C = 6 x 12 = 72; H = 12 x 1 = 12; O = 6 x 18 = 108). They measure
192 g of fructose on the balance. Next they place the 192 g of fructose in the graduated cylinder.
Then they add water to the half-liter mark and stir the solution.
1. What is the molarity of the solution? Explain. _____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. How can they make their solution into a 1 M solution? ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which is not used to prepare 1 L of a 1 M solution of NaCl?
a. 1 mol of NaCl
b. 1 L of NaCl solution
c. 1 L flask
d. 1 L of water
2. Which is used to prepare 2 L of a 0.5 M solution of sucrose?
a. 1 mol of sucrose
b. 0.5 g of sucrose
c. 1 L of water
d. 0.5 L of water
Modern Chemistry
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Name ______________________________________ Date ____________ Class _______________________
Modern Chemistry • CHAPTER 13
HOMEWORK 13-7
(pp. 416–418)
VOCABULARY
Write true or false.
1. A molal solution contains 1 mol of solution per 1000 g of solvent. ____________
2. Molality is the concentration of a solution in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. ____________
3. A molal and a molar solution of NaCl are the same.____________
4. A molal and a molar solution of sucrose are the same. ____________
5. In a molal solution, a specific amount of solvent is always used. ____________
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Make a step-by-step chart or list to show how you would use 80 g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to
prepare a 1 m solution.
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
STANDARDIZED TEST PREP
Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Which statement is true?
a. To find molality, you must know the mass of solvent.
b. To find molality, you must know the volume of solvent.
c. Any molal solution must have exactly 1 mol of solute.
d. Any molal solution must have exactly 1 kg of solvent.
2. Which statement is true?
a. Any molal solution is concentrated.
b. Any molal solution is dilute.
c. A molal solution is designated M.
d. A molal solution is designated m.
Modern Chemistry
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CHAPTER 13 REVIEW
Solutions
MIXED REVIEW
SHORT ANSWER
Answer the following questions in the space provided.
1. Solid CaCl2 does not conduct electricity, but it is considered to be an electrolyte. Explain.
2. Explain the following statements at the molecular level:
a. Generally a polar liquid and a nonpolar liquid are immiscible.
b. Carbonated soft drinks taste flat when they are warmed.
3. An unknown compound is observed to mix with toluene, C6H5CH3, but not with water.
a. Is the unknown compound ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent?
b. Suppose the unknown compound is also a liquid. Will it be able to dissolve table salt? Explain
your answer.
MODERN CHEMISTRY
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CHAPTER 13 MIXED REVIEW
115
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MIXED REVIEW continued
PROBLEMS
provided.
Write the answer on the line to the left. Show all your work in the space
4. Consider 500. mL of a 0.30 M CuSO4 solution.
a. How many moles of solute are present in this solution?
b. How many grams of solute were used to prepare this solution?
5. a. If a solution is electrically neutral, can all of its ions have the same charge? Explain your
answer.
b. The concentration of the OH ions in pure water is known to be
1.0 107 M. How many OH ions are present in each milliliter of pure
water?
6. 90. g of CaBr2 are dissolved in 900. g of water.
a. What volume does the 900. g of water occupy if its density is
1.00 g/mL?
b. What is the molality of this solution?
116
CHAPTER 13 MIXED REVIEW
MODERN CHEMISTRY
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