國立彰化師範大學 100 學年度第 2 學期學士班轉學生
招生考試試題
學系： 生物學系
年級： 二 年級
科目： 普通生物
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第 1 頁，共 9 頁
一. 單選題:（80％）(題號請在答案紙標明清楚)
1.Charles Darwin proposed a mechanism for descent with modification that stated that organisms of a
particular species are adapted to their environment when they possess
A) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival in the local environment.
B) non-inheritable traits that enhance their reproductive success in the local environment.
C) non-inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local
environment.
D) inheritable traits that enhance their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
E) inheritable traits that decrease their survival and reproductive success in the local environment.
2. What factors are most important in determining which elements are most common in living matter?
A) the relative abundances of the elements in Earth's crust and atmosphere
B) the emergent properties of the simple compounds made from these elements
C) the reactivity of the elements with water
D) the chemical stability of the elements
E) both the relative abundances of the elements and the emergent properties of the compounds made
from these elements
3. When an ionic compound such as sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed in water, the component atoms
of the NaCl crystal dissociate into individual sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-). In contrast,
the atoms of covalently bonded molecules (e.g., glucose, sucrose, glycerol) do not generally
dissociate when placed in aqueous solution. Which of the following solutions would be expected to
contain the greatest number of solute particles (molecules or ions)?
A) 1 L of 0.5 M NaCl
B) 1 L of 0.5 M glucose
C) 1 L of 1.0 M NaCl
D) 1 L of 1.0 M glucose
E) 1 L of 1.0 M NaCl and 1 L of 1.0 M glucose will contain equal numbers of solute particles.
4. Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in a seed-eating bird?
A) They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants.
B) They were processed into sugars through photosynthesis.
C) They are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide.
D) They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants, and they are ultimately derived from
carbon dioxide.
E) They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants, they were processed into sugars
through photosynthesis, and they are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide.
5. All of the following are polysaccharides except
A) lactose.
B) glycogen.
C) chitin.
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D) cellulose.
E) amylopectin.
國立彰化師範大學 100 學年度第 2 學期學士班轉學生
招生考試試題
學系： 生物學系
年級： 二 年級
科目： 普通生物
☆☆請在答案紙上作答☆☆
第 2 頁，共 9 頁
6. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) can be used to fluorescently label a specific protein in cells by
genetically engineering cells to synthesize the target protein fused to GFP. What is the advantage of
using GFP fusions to visualize specific proteins, instead of staining cells with fluorescently labeled
probes that bind to the target protein?
A) GFP fusions enable one to track changes in the location of the protein in living cells; staining
usually requires preserved cells.
B) GFP fusions enable higher resolution than staining with fluorescent probes.
C) GFP permits the position of the protein in the cell more precisely than fluorescent probes.
D) GFP permits visualization of protein-protein interactions; fluorescent probes do not.
E) GFP fusions are not subject to artifacts; fluorescent probes may introduce background artifacts.
7. In the years since the proposal of the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which of the
following observations has been added to the model?
A) The membrane is only fluid across a very narrow temperature range.
B) Proteins rarely move, even though they possibly can do so.
C) Unsaturated lipids are excluded from the membranes.
D) The concentration of protein molecules is now known to be much higher.
E) The proteins are known to be made of only acidic amino acids.
8. Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an
organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?
A) Living organisms do not obey the second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy must
increase with time.
B) Life obeys the second law of thermodynamics because the decrease in entropy as the organism
grows is exactly balanced by an increase in the entropy of the universe.
C) Living organisms do not follow the laws of thermodynamics.
D) As a consequence of growing, organisms cause a greater increase in entropy in their environment
than the decrease in entropy associated with their growth.
E) Living organisms are able to transform energy into entropy.
9. Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen to produce CO2 and water
release free energy?
A) The covalent bonds in organic molecules and molecular oxygen have more kinetic energy than
the covalent bonds in water and carbon dioxide.
B) Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to
atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O).
C) The oxidation of organic compounds can be used to make ATP.
D) The electrons have a higher potential energy when associated with water and CO2 than they do in
organic compounds.
E) The covalent bond in O2 is unstable and easily broken by electrons from organic molecules.
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國立彰化師範大學 100 學年度第 2 學期學士班轉學生
招生考試試題
學系： 生物學系
年級： 二 年級
科目： 普通生物
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第 3 頁，共 9 頁
10. A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow.
What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment?
A) red and yellow
B) blue and violet
C) green and yellow
D) blue, green, and red
E) green, blue, and yellow
11. Which observation suggested to Sutherland the involvement of a second messenger in epinephrine's
effect on liver cells?
A) Enzymatic activity was proportional to the amount of calcium added to a cell-free extract.
B) Receptor studies indicated that epinephrine was a ligand.
C) Glycogen breakdown was observed only when epinephrine was administered to intact cells.
D) Glycogen breakdown was observed when epinephrine and glycogen phosphorylase were
combined.
E) Epinephrine was known to have different effects on different types of cells.
12. Which of the following proteins are involved in binary fission as well as eukaryotic mitotic
division?
A) cyclins
B) Cdks
C) MPF
D) actin and tubulin
E) cohesins
13. Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of
A) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the
metaphase plate during meiosis I.
B) the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm.
C) the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II.
D) the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.
E) the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the
metaphase plate during meiosis I, the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm, the
random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II, and the
relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.
14. Which of the following is the best statement of the use of the addition rule of probability?
A) the probability that two or more independent events will both occur
B) the probability that two or more independent events will both occur in the offspring of one set of
parents
C) the probability that either one of two independent events will occur
D) the probability of producing two or more heterozygous offspring
E) the likelihood that a trait is due to two or more meiotic events
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國立彰化師範大學 100 學年度第 2 學期學士班轉學生
招生考試試題
學系： 生物學系
年級： 二 年級
科目： 普通生物
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15. Genomic imprinting is generally due to the addition of methyl (–CH3) groups to C nucleotides in
order to silence a given gene. If this depends on the sex of the parent who transmits the gene, which
of the following must be true?
A) Methylation of C is permanent in a gene.
B) Genes required for early development stages must not be imprinted.
C) Methylation of this kind must occur more in males than in females.
D) Methylation must be reversible in ovarian and testicular cells.
E) The imprints are transmitted only to gamete-producing cells.
16. Studies of nucleosomes have shown that histones (except H1) exist in each nucleosome as two
kinds of tetramers: one of 2 H2A molecules and 2 H2B molecules, and the other as 2 H3 and 2 H4
molecules. Which of the following is supported by this data?
A) DNA can wind itself around either of the two kinds of tetramers.
B) The two types of tetramers associate to form an octamer.
C) DNA has to associate with individual histones before they form tetramers.
D) Only H2A can form associations with DNA molecules.
E) The structure of H3 and H4 molecules is not basic like that of the other histones.
17. The "universal" genetic code is now known to have exceptions. Evidence for this can be found if
which of the following is true?
A) If UGA, usually a stop codon, is found to code for an amino acid such as tryptophan (usually
coded for by UGG only).
B) If one stop codon, such as UGA, is found to have a different effect on translation than another
stop codon, such as UAA.
C) If prokaryotic organisms are able to translate a eukaryotic mRNA and produce the same
polypeptide.
D) If several codons are found to translate to the same amino acid, such as serine.
E) If a single mRNA molecule is found to translate to more than one polypeptide when there are two
or more AUG sites.
18. In one set of experiments she succeeded in decreasing methylation of histone tails. Which of the
following results would she most likely see?
A) increased chromatin condensation
B) decreased chromatin condensation
C) abnormalities of mouse embryos
D) decreased binding of transcription factors
E) inactivation of the selected genes
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國立彰化師範大學 100 學年度第 2 學期學士班轉學生
招生考試試題
學系： 生物學系
年級： 二 年級
科目： 普通生物
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第 5 頁，共 9 頁
19. Sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, is most important because
A) it allows researchers to use the sequence to build a "better" nematode, which is resistant to
disease.
B) it allows research on a group of organisms we do not usually care much about.
C) the nematode is a good animal model for trying out cures for viral illness.
D) a sequence that is found to have a particular function in the nematode is likely to have a closely
related function in vertebrates.
E) a sequence that is found to have no introns in the nematode genome is likely to have acquired the
introns from higher organisms.
20. Which of the following can be duplicated in a genome?
A) DNA sequences above a minimum size only
B) DNA sequences below a minimum size only
C) entire chromosomes only
D) entire sets of chromosomes only
E) sequences, chromosomes, or sets of chromosomes
21. Which of the following is the most accurate summary of Cuvier's consideration of fossils found in
the vicinity of Paris?
A) extinction of species yes; evolution of new species yes
B) extinction of species no; evolution of new species yes
C) extinction of species yes; evolution of new species no
D) extinction of species no; evolution of new species no
22. The phenomenon of fusion is likely to occur when, after a period of geographic isolation, two
populations meet again and
A) their chromosomes are no longer homologous enough to permit meiosis.
B) a constant number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of generations.
C) the hybrid zone is inhospitable to hybrid survival.
D) an increasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of generations.
E) a decreasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of generations.
23. Which of the following reasons may explain why the sediment core lacks fossils of dragonflies
with 3-feet wingspans?
1. This particular sediment core includes the correct stratum, but the part of the stratum captured
by the core lacks such fossils.
2. The sea was not present at this site during the time that 3-feet dragonflies existed.
3. Dragonflies have no hard parts, such as exoskeletons, to fossilize.
4. The sediments containing these fossils at this site may have been eroded away during a time
when the sea had receded from this site.
5. Dragonflies are terrestrial; therefore, fossils of terrestrial organisms should not be expected in
the sediments of seas.
A) 1 only
B) 3 only
C) 5 only
D) 2 or 4
E) 1, 2, or 4
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國立彰化師範大學 100 學年度第 2 學期學士班轉學生
招生考試試題
學系： 生物學系
年級： 二 年級
科目： 普通生物
☆☆請在答案紙上作答☆☆
第 6 頁，共 9 頁
24. The common ancestors of birds and mammals were very early (stem) reptiles, which almost
certainly possessed three-chambered hearts (two atria, one ventricle). Birds and mammals, however,
are alike in having four-chambered hearts (two atria, two ventricles). The four-chambered hearts of
birds and mammals are best described as
A) structural homologies.
B) vestiges.
C) homoplasies.
D) the result of shared ancestry.
E) molecular homologies.
25. Which two processes are responsible for the shape of the curve at Time B?
1.
transduction
2.
entry of single-stranded Hfr DNA
3.
rolling circle replication of single-stranded Hfr DNA
4.
activation of DNA pumps in plasma membrane
A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 4
C) 2 and 3
D) 2 and 4
E) 3 and 4
26. The genome of modern chloroplasts is roughly 50% the size of the genome of the cyanobacterium
from which it is thought to have been derived. In comparison, the genome of P. chromatophora's
cyanelle is only slightly reduced relative to the size of the genome of the cyanobacterium from
which it is thought to have been derived. What is a valid conclusion that can be drawn from this
comparison?
A) Lytic phage infections have targeted the chloroplast genome more often than the P.
chromatophora genome.
B) P. chromatophora's cyanelle is the result of an evolutionarily recent endosymbiosis.
C) The genome of the chloroplast ancestor contained many more introns that could be lost without
harm, compared to the cyanelle's genome.
D) All three of the conclusions above are valid.
E) Two of the conclusions above are valid.
27. Which of these potential results of applying a metabolic poison to the rhizoids of Polytrichum
should interfere the least with the ability to draw valid conclusions from this experiment?
A) If, upon dying, the rhizoids leak nitrogenous compounds into the soil before final nitrogen
content is measured.
B) If, upon dying, decomposition of the rhizoids introduces nitrogenous compounds to the soil
before final nitrogen content is measured.
C) If the metabolic poison is hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or sodium azide (NaN3), and much of the
poison remains in the soil.
D) If the metabolic poison acts against the mitochondria of the rhizoid cells.
E) If the metabolic poison absorbs nitrogen and strongly adheres to soil particles, acting as a sort of
glue.
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國立彰化師範大學 100 學年度第 2 學期學士班轉學生
招生考試試題
學系： 生物學系
年級： 二 年級
科目： 普通生物
☆☆請在答案紙上作答☆☆
第 7 頁，共 9 頁
28. Suppose that the cells of seed plants, like the skin cells of humans, produce a pigment upon
increased exposure to UV radiation. Rank the following cells, from greatest to least, in terms of the
likelihood of producing this pigment.
1.
cells of sporangium
2.
cells in the interior of a subterranean root
3.
epidermal cells of sporophyte megaphylls
4.
cells of a gametophyte
A) 3, 4, 1, 2
B) 3, 4, 2, 1
C) 3, 1, 4, 2
D) 3, 2, 1, 4
E) 3, 1, 2, 4
29. Plasmogamy can directly result in which of the following?
1.
cells with a single haploid nucleus
2.
heterokaryotic cells
3.
dikaryotic cells
4.
cells with two diploid nuclei
A) 1 or 2
B) 1 or 3
C) 2 or 3
D) 2 or 4
E) 3 or 4
30. In individual insects of some species, whole chromosomes that carry larval genes are eliminated
from the genomes of somatic cells at the time of metamorphosis. A consequence of this occurrence
is that
A) we could not clone a larva from the somatic cells of such an adult insect.
B) such species must reproduce only asexually.
C) the descendents of these adults do not include a larval stage.
D) metamorphosis can no longer occur among the descendents of such adults.
E) Two of these responses are correct.
31. By which structures are nematocysts most likely to reach the skin of sea slugs?
A) the closed circulatory system
B) branches of the intestine
C) branches of the excurrent siphon
D) branches of the nephridium
E) branches of the pseudocoelom
32. What should be true of fossils of the earliest tetrapods?
A) They should show evidence of internal fertilization.
B) They should show evidence of having produced shelled eggs.
C) They should indicate limited adaptation to life on land.
D) They should be transitional forms with the fossils of chondrichthyans that lived at the same time.
E) They should feature the earliest indications of the appearance of jaws.
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國立彰化師範大學 100 學年度第 2 學期學士班轉學生
招生考試試題
學系： 生物學系
年級： 二 年級
科目： 普通生物
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第 8 頁，共 9 頁
33. Which of the following best describes advantages conferred by compound leaves versus simple
leaves?
A) There's a greater chance of capturing photons in intermittently shady areas.
B) There is less chance of damage in high-wind areas.
C) There's a reduced chance of herbivory.
D) There is less surface area for water loss.
E) There's a greater chance of capturing photons in intermittently shady areas and less chance of
damage in high-wind areas.
34. Given that early land plants most likely share a common ancestor with green algae, the earliest land
plants were most likely
A) nonvascular plants that grew leafless photosynthetic shoots above the shallow fresh water in
which they lived.
B) species that did not exhibit alternation of generations.
C) vascular plants with well-defined root systems.
D) plants with well-developed leaves.
E) species with a well-developed, thick cuticle.
35. If you were the county agriculture agent, what would be the best advice you could give the farmer
who owns the field under study in Figure 37.2?
A) Plant a variety of cotton that requires less water and can tolerate salinity.
B) Continue to fertilize, but stop irrigating the field and rely on rainfall.
C) Continue to irrigate, but stop fertilizing the field and rely on organic nutrients in the soil.
D) Continue to fertilize and irrigate, but add the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobium to the irrigation
water until the productivity increases.
E) Add acid to the soil and increase its cation exchange capabilities so more nutrients are retained in
the soil.
36. Which of the following is the correct sequence during the alternation of generations life cycle in a
flowering plant?
A) sporophyte → meiosis → gametophyte → gametes → fertilization → diploid zygote
B) sporophyte → mitosis → gametophyte → meiosis → sporophyte
C) haploid gametophyte → gametes → meiosis → fertilization → diploid sporophyte
D) sporophyte → spores → meiosis → gametophyte → gametes
E) haploid sporophyte → spores → fertilization → diploid gametophyte
37. The initial response of the root cells of a tomato plant watered with seawater would be to
A) rapidly produce organic solutes in the cytoplasm.
B) rapidly expand until the cells burst.
C) begin to plasmolyze as water is lost.
D) actively transport water from the cytoplasm into the vacuole.
E) actively absorb salts from the seawater.
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國立彰化師範大學 100 學年度第 2 學期學士班轉學生
招生考試試題
學系： 生物學系
年級： 二 年級
科目： 普通生物
☆☆請在答案紙上作答☆☆
第 9 頁，共 9 頁
38. An overheated and sick dog in a hot environment will have an impaired thermoregulatory response
when its
A) evaporative heat loss increases.
B) metabolic heat production decreases.
C) body temperature increases to match the environmental temperature.
D) blood vessels near its skin increase vasoconstriction.
E) behavioral response takes it to a cooler location.
39. A group of animals among which a relatively long cecum is likely to be found is the
A) carnivores.
B) herbivores.
C) autotrophs.
D) heterotrophs.
E) omnivores.
40. Countercurrent exchange is evident in
A) the flow of water across the gills of a fish and that of blood within those gills.
B) the flow of blood in the dorsal vessel of an insect and that of air within its tracheae.
C) the flow of air within the primary bronchi of a human and that of blood within the pulmonary
veins.
D) the flow of water across the skin of a frog and that of blood within the ventricle of its heart.
E) the flow of fluid out of the arterial end of a capillary and that of fluid back into the venous end of
the same capillary.
二.填空(題號請在答案紙標明清楚，並填入英文，字彙全對給分):(20%)
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