New Global
Patterns
Imperialism II
1800 - 1914
⽇本は近代化
Japan Modernizes
Japan isolated itself from the world from
1600 - 1853
Japan’s reaction to western imperialism was to
become imperialist herself. Japan was the
only country to do this
By 1900, japan became a major industrial and
imperial power
Tokugawa Japan
Tokugawa shogunate
centralized feudal
control in early 1600s
and closed Japan to the
outside world
The only contact
allowed was at
Nagasaki — the dutch
were allowed limited
trade
By 1800s, japan was in
relative decline
Emperor
Shogun
Daimyo
Samurai
Peasants
Merchants
The west arrives
In 1853, american warships arrived in tokyo bay
The americans wanted trade with japan
Americans forced japan to open ports in the Treaty of Kanagawa. More
special rights were obtained by Americans and Europeans
Japanese go through a period of uncertainty of how to react to
foreigners
Meiji Restoration
1867, Daimyo and Samurai
lead a revolt to unseat
the Shogun and restore
the Emperor
1868, 15 year old
Mutsuhito, is made
Emperor. His dynasty is
named Meiji, the
enlightened one, and he
rules until 1912
Meiji’s goal, beat
westerners at their own
game. “A rich country and
a strong military”
Meiji Reforms
Major reasons for Japans quick reforms:
1. To gain strength against the west
2. Japan exchanges experts learning western ways and
technology
3. Constitution modeled after Germany but still
granted autocratic rule to the Emperor
4. Reorganized Army, Navy, Finance and Education
Departments
5. Banking, railroads, new ports, steam ships,
telegraph and postal systems all help modernize
Meiji Reforms
6. The Gov’t organized businesses and then sold
them to individuals or corporations:
Zaibatsu: a family who took over a gov’t bank
or industry …ie. the Kawasaki family who
rivaled the US Rockefellers or German Krupps
7. Despite rapid reforms, women were still assigned
a secondary role
8. Japan modernized quickly because it was a
homogeneous society; one that shares a common
language and culture
Rapid Development
Japan’s economic and military strength grows
quickly
Coal production goes from 600,000 tons
(1875) to 21.3 million tons (1913)
Merchant fleet in 1875 is 26 steamships; by
1913 it is 1514
Railroads go from 18 (1872) to 7100 (1914)
Feudalism Abandoned.
Feudalism and serfdom were
abolished. The samurai lost their
special social status.
Western Technology Adopted.
Industrial development based on
western technology, such as the
building of railroads and
factories, was promoted.
CHANGES DURING THE MEIJI RESTORATION
Government Changes. Japan
was given a written constitution,
although the emperor kept his
full powers. A Western-style
army and navy were formed.
Educational Changes.
Universal compulsory education
was introduced. Students were
sent abroad to study European
and American economic
policies, politics, and
technological innovations.
Expansion by war
In 1894, Japan goes to
war with China over
korea for natural
resources
Her quick victory
shows how fast japan is
becoming a major power
Japan won ports and
Taiwan
Russo-Japanese War
First time in modern
history an Asian
country defeated a
European/Western
country
1905 Treaty of
Portsmouth, Japan
gains control of Korea
and parts of Manchuria
Japan makes Korea a
protectorate and
annexes her in 1910
Japan Modernizes
First Japanese constitution based on German Model.
Emperor holds supreme power but accepts advice
from elected representatives
“A
R
M
ich eiji M
Cou otto
mil ntry,
a
itar
y.” stron
g
s
ean le”
m
ru
iji
Me tened
ligh
“en
The Meiji Period
1868-1912
w
rule .
n
u
g
or
Sho mper
s
e
E
lac
by
Rep Rule
End
s
ith
Modernizes military, industry,
business.
offi
cial
clas
s sy
stem
How Siam (Thailand) Remained Free
Recognized
western
military
strength and
avoided
conflicts
Had strong
central
government
and king who
understood
the need to
modernize
Learned from
the West —
Sent people to
study in the
West and
hired Western
teachers
Developed
modern army
Introduced
social
reform —
Abolished
slavery,
gave
women
some
choice in
marriage
Effects of Colonization in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
Country
Original People
Way of Life
•Many groups
•Live throughout Canada
Canada
Australia
•Live in small hunting
and gathering bands
throughout continent
•Many killed
•Give little resistance
•Farmers
•Many die defending
their lands
•Warlike
Maoris
•Government troops put
down their uprisings
•Most pushed off their
lands
•Speak over 250
languages
•Live in one small area
New Zealand
•Sign treaties giving up
land
•Lose much of their
culture
Native Americans
Aborigines
Result of
Colonization
•Many die from new
diseases brought by
settlers
•By 1870, Maori
population drops from
250,000 to less than
50,000
América Latina
Latin America
During the 1800s, most Latin American countries
were plagued by revolts, civil war, and
dictatorships
Life did not improve for most people; racial
prejudice was widespread and land was owned by
the elites
Local strongmen (caudillos) looted their
countries and ruled as dictators
Conservatives defended the Catholic church,
which had huge landholdings; Liberals sought to
weaken the Church
El Imperialísmo económica de América Latina
Economic Imperialism in Latin America
Britain and the United states replaced Spain
in trade with Latin America after
independence
Foreign investment brought foreign influence
and interference in Latin america
The elites grew wealthier, most remained poor
Latin american economies developed important
industries, but development was uneven
Mexico
Mexican politics were dominated by large landowners,
army leaders, and the Catholic Church
Mestizos and Indians lived in desperate poverty
General Santa Anna ruled Mexico during the 1830s when
it lost Texas (the Battle of the Alamo happened then)
Santa Anna also ruled during the Mexican War, fought
against the United states
Mexican War was humiliating defeat which cost Mexico
half its territory and further divided conservatives and
liberals in the country. It is known in Mexico as “La
Mutilaciòn”
Mexico
Liberal Benito Juárez seized power in 1855 and started
La Reforma, stripping Church of special privileges and
limiting power of military. A civil war broke out
French intervened on side of conservatives and sent
troops and Archduke Maximillian to rule Mexico.
Juárez led Mexicans against them
A Mexican victory in battle against French is now
celebrated as Cinco de Mayo
French eventually withdrew
Juárez tried to renew reforms but conservatives
resisted. He died in 1872
Mexico
Juárez was succeeded by dictator Porfirio Díaz, who ruled
harshly until 1911
Díaz ruthlessly crushed opposition under the slogan “Order
and Progress”
Díaz opened Mexico to foreign investors, giving them special
privileges.
He let rich buy up Indian lands
Many Indians and mestizos fell into near slavery under
system of peonage. Hacienda owners give pay advances to
workers, which must be paid back before peons can leave
Rising protests in early 1900s led to Mexican Revolution in
1910
The U.S. And Latin America
The United states was known in Latin America as the
“Colossus of the North”
The U.S. Claimed Latin America as a sphere of influence in
the Monroe Doctrine of 1823. British naval power backed
up American insistence that Spain could not recover her
lost colonies in Latin America
U.S. Took over half of Mexico as result of Mexican War
U.S. Captured Cuba and Puerto Rico in Spanish-American
War of 1898
U.S. Built Panama Canal in early 1900s
U.S. Intervened repeatedly in Latin America during 1900s
Imperialism brings great change
I
m
p
e
r
i
a
l
i
s
t
W
e
s
t
Economy
•
•
Profits
Taxes
industry
•
•
Natural resources
Cheap Labor
culture
•
Art, music, fashion,
foods
Imperialism brings great change
Economy
•
Investment money
industry
•
Manufactured Goods
culture
• Languages, customs, religion
C
o
l
o
n
i
e
s