CHILEAN PROGRAM
FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH
IN ANTARCTICA
CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
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PUBLISHED BY THE CHILEAN ANTARCTIC INSTITUTE
TRANSLATED BY ROBERT RUNYARD
DESIGNED BY JENIFFER MUÑOZ PALMA / HUGO AGUILAR CÁRDENAS
MICHELANGELO - ADAM / ANTARCTIC PENINSULA IMAGE: MARCELO LEPPE CARTES
PRINTED BY LA PRENSA AUSTRAL PRINTERS
MAY 2008
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CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
PRESENTATION
More than 30 countries are making a coordinated research effort for the performance
of projects in Antarctica which have global significance. Half of these countries use
Punta Arenas, Chile, as a departure point to the White Continent. Probably no other
location in Chile enjoys such a concentration of international scientific expertise.
WORLD WIND NASA
The Chilean Antarctic Scientific and Technological Research Program brings
together the projects that are financed, organized, coordinated, and executed by the
Chilean Antarctic Institute (Instituto Antártico Chileno - INACH), whether directly or
through support of universities and centers for scientific research. The projects
request financing from various sources through open and transparent
competition that is subject to peer review.
Consequently, the final objective of this program is to produce
high-quality Chilean Antarctic science, worthy of international
recognition and in keeping with Chilean national interests
through the delivery of selected studies relating to our cultural,
economic and social development. Chile is the country that
is closest to Antarctica, and this has resulted in a national
imperative to understand, measure, and bring the White
Continent closer to all Chileans.
INACH promotes four main areas of research:
1. Links between South America and Antarctica
2. Global warming and climate change
3. Abundance and diversity of Antarctic organisms
4. Antarctic environment and its bioresources
Chilean research in Antarctica shows particular strengths in the study and
understanding of the Antarctic environment, its physical and biological character in
both past and present, and in modelling of future scenarios.
Along with this, we are supporting implementation of a logistical platform to
serve our program and also other national programs that visit Punta Arenas on their
way to Antarctica (www.chain.cl).
We hope that you enjoy as we do the marvel that is Antarctica, through which we
gain insight into our planet’s past, the manner in which global warming is bringing
changes, and the yet-undiscovered secrets that will be part of the future.
Dr. José Retamales
Director, Chilean Antarctic Institute - Instituto Antártico Chileno - INACH
CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
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1. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SOUTH AMERICA AND ANTARCTICA
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How was the current biota conditioned by the continental
separation of South America and Antarctica?
During most of its natural history, Antarctica was a green continent,
with a biodiversity similar to that of New Zealand, Chile or Argentina.
Antarctica began to be isolated only about 28 million years ago, at a time
that coincides with the beginning of its cooling and finally freezing. But
it was not until a couple of million years ago that trees abandoned the
continent altogether.
The definitive separation of South America and Antarctica – 23 million
years ago - was a dramatic event that transformed global climate, and
permanently affected life, the atmosphere, and the landscape
of Chile. Our country is a clear example of the biological and
climatic dependence on Antarctica. For example, strong evidence
exists to believe that the extreme aridity of the Atacama desert,
the driest on earth, was caused by enormous distortion of the
marine currents that resulted in the opening of Drake’s Passage.
Similar effects are caused by the frigid Humboldt Current,
which rises in the masses of water that surround Antarctica
and maintain its cold temperatures.
It is of great importance to understand how this influence
evolved in the past, to gain knowledge that would allow us to
understand the present and to predict the future. Seven projects
attempt to answer this question from separate angles:
GEOLOGICAL CONNECTION BETWEEN WEST ANTARCTICA
AND PATAGONIA SINCE THE LATE PALEOZOIC: TECTONISM,
PALEOGEOGRAPHY, BIOGEOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATE
Principal investigator: Teresa TORRES, Universidad de Chile, in
collaboration with several other institutions.
MOLECULAR DIVERGENCE AND CONNECTIVITY IN
THE SOUTHERN OCEAN: A MODEL OF ANTARCTIC
AND SUBANTARCTIC RINGS
Principal investigator: Elie POULIN, Universidad de
Chile, in collaboration with French researchers.
CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
R. CANALES
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AND GENETICS OF POPULATIONS
OF GIGARTINA SKOTTSBERGII SEPARATED BY THE
CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT
Principal investigator: Sylvain FAUGERON, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Chile.
ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF ANTARCTIC BENTHIC
MARINE FAUNA: GENETIC AND MOLECULAR DIVERSITY
AMONG CONGENERIC ANTARCTIC AND SOUTH AMERICAN
SPECIES OF ECHINOIDEA
Principal investigator: Elie POULIN, Universidad de Chile.
WATER MASSES AND FRONTS IN THE VICINITY OF THE
SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS
Principal investigator: Nelson SILVA, Pontificia
Universidad Católica de Valparaíso.
PHOTOCOLLAGE INACH
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE EVOLUTIONARY
AND DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY OF GENUS NACELLA,
THROUGHOUT THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN THE ANTARCTIC AND
SUBANTARCTIC REGIONS
Principal investigator: Claudio GONZÁLEZ, Universidad de Chile.
ICTHYOSAURS OF THE LATE JURASSIC AND EARLY CRETACEOUS
IN THE TORRES DEL PAINE NATIONAL PARK IN SOUTHERN CHILE
Principal investigators: Wolfgang STINNESBECK, Geologisches
Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Germany, and Marcelo LEPPE,
INACH.
CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
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2. GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE
The Antarctic Peninsula is one of
the few places where atmospheric
temperatures have increased to
levels up to six times greater than
global averages, resulting in the
collapse of several ice platforms.
Since the Antarctic climate provides
in great measure a model of the
global climate, particularly in ways
that can impact our economy and
society, the subject of global warming
is on the agenda of nearly all the
nations of the world and, in particular,
in Chile. The problem of climate
change, and the impact of global
warming in Antarctica, taken together
form the objective of six projects
included in this line of research.
S TA B I L I T Y A N D R E C E N T
BEHAVIOUR OF GLACIERS IN THE
ANTARCTIC PENINSULA - THE
INTERACTIONS WITH ICE SHELVES
Principal investigator: Anja WENDT,
Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECS),
in collaboration with US and UK
researchers.
CHARACTERIZATION OF FINE
A N TA R C T I C T R O P O S P H E R I C
AEROSOLS OF THE NORTH END OF
THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA AND
LINKAGE WITH THEIR SOURCES
Principal investigator: Margarita
PRÉNDEZ, Universidad de Chile, in
collaboration with US researchers.
IMAGE PROJECT
What will be the impact
of global warming?
ECO-PHYSIOLOGICAL OUTCOMES
FOR ANTARCTIC FLORA UNDER A
GLOBAL WARMING SCENARIO
Principal investigator: María
Angélica CASANOVA, Universidad
de Concepción.
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE
PALEOENVIRONMENT OFTHE CHILEAN
PATAGONIAN CENTRAL LATITUDES
AND SOUTHERN (MAGALLANES)
REGIONS UNDER THE EFFECTS OF
GLACIAL DYNAMICS
Principal investigator: Mauricio
RONDANELLI, Universidad de
Concepción, in collaboration with
US researchers.
A N TA R C T I C A N D S O U T H
AMERICAN CLIMATE: JOINT EXTRACT
OF BRAZILIAN-CHILE-USA ICE CORE
SAMPLING IN THE DETROIT PLATEAU
OF THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA
Principal investigator: Ricardo
JAÑA, INACH, in collaboration with
US and Brazilian researchers.
CHEMICAL FINGERPRINT OFTEPHRA
FROM HOLOCENE/QUATERNARY
VOLCANOES AROUND THE NORTHERN
ANTARCTIC PENINSULA: A KEY TO
REGIONAL VOLCANIC HISTORY AND
CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION
Principal investigator: Stefan
KRAUS, INACH, in collaboration with
US researchers.
H. REIS
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CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
Antarctic ecosystems are changing.
The recent destruction of the Larsen B
dome has revealed that Antarctic marine
biodiversity is greater than previously
believed. Today we are seeing a much
more complex ecological plot than what
was predicted in models twenty years
ago. The roles played by each of the
species within the delicate ecosystems
of the Frozen Continent pose a crucial
question relative to understanding the
profusion, availability, and behavior of
the living resources of the Antarctic.
This line of research brings together
the studies of abundance and diversity
of Antarctic organisms, while seeking
an understanding of the biodiversity of
the Antarctic, along with its dynamics
and relationships with the surrounding
continents, and in particular South
America:
ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE
ANTARCTIC FUR SEAL, ARCTOCEPHALUS
GAZELLA
Principal investigator: Daniel
TORRES
CETACEAN ECOLOGY IN THE WATERS
OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN AND RELATED
ECOSYSTEMS
Principal investigator: Anelio
AGUAYO, INACH.
LOCAL PATTERNS OF SHALLOW
ANTARCTIC ECHINODERMS WITH
CONTRASTING DEVELOPMENTAL
MODES: THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE
OF PREDATION, FOOD AVAILABILITY
AND ICE-RELATED DISTURBANCES
Principal investigator: Álvaro PALMA,
Pontificia Universidad Católica de
Chile.
F. BALCELLS
GENETIC POPULATION STRUCTURE
OF THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA
AND SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA
HUMPBACK WHALE FEEDING AREAS
USING MITOCHONDRIAL AND NUCLEAR
DNA MARKERS
Principal investigator: Carlos
OLAVARRÍA, Fundación Centro de
Estudios Cientificos del Cuaternario
de Fuego-Patagonia y Antártica
(CEQUA).
3. ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY IN ANTARCTIC ORGANISMS
How abundant and diverse
are the living resources of the
Antarctica?
CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
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J. MUÑOZ
One of the biggest treasure troves in Antarctica is
the genetic material and biodiversity of its organisms.
Chilean Antarctic scientific investigation has included
as one of its objectives the addition of biotechnology
as a new field of work.
The organisms that live in Antarctica have adopted
unique evolutionary paths. The extreme climate has
led to the evolution of new biochemical adaptations in
the face of extremely low temperatures, high levels of
ultraviolet radiation, high levels of dehydration stress,
and changes in salinity, among others. The reduction
of populations during glacial events restricted and
continues to interfere with genetic transfer. This has
brought about unique genetic material which has
received very little attention and study.
This line of research attempts to uncover the
secrets that evolution has brought about in the
DNA of Antarctic organisms, with the incorporation
of a biotechnological component which deals with
the study of biochemicals and biocompounds
which are present among the organisms that live in
Antarctica and could have potential biotechnological
applications.
CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
J. MUÑOZ
4. ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT AND ITS BIORESOURCES
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What are the characteristics of Antarctic organisms
that make them tolerant of extreme environments?
Will these characteristics ever have utility for
humankind?
M. GIDEKEL
This line covers eight scientific
projects:
A N TA R C T I C A : S O U R C E O F
BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES FOR NATIONAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Principal investigator: Jenny BLAMEY,
Fundación Biociencia.
DIVERSITY STUDIES OF
PSYCHROPHILIC PROKARYOTES FROM
THE INSULAR ANTARCTIC TERRITORY:
SEVEN ISOLATES FROM DIFFERENT
PROTECTED SITES
Principal investigator: Jenny BLAMEY,
Fundación Biociencia.
BACTERIAL MICROBIOTA OF THE
FILDES PENINSULA, KING GEORGE
ISLAND: BEHAVIOR RELATIVE TO
ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS AND
PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS WITH
ANTIBACTERIAL CHARACTERISTICS
Principal investigator: Mariana
DOMÍNGUEZ, Universidad de
Concepción.
PRODUCTION OF DESCHAMPSIA
ANTARCTICA CELLS IN BIOREACTORS.
USES FOR THE COSMETIC
D E R M AT O L O G Y I N D U S T R Y
INCLUDING CRYOPRESERVATION AND
PHOTOPROTECTIVE AGENTS
Principal investigator: Manuel
GIDEKEL, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE
INCREASES IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
OF THE ANTARCTIC EQUINODERM
STERECHINUS NEUMAYERI
Principal investigator: Marcelo
GONZÁLEZ, INACH.
PHOTOPROTECTIVE MECHANISMS
IN COLOBANTHUS QUITENSIS UNDER
COLD-INDUCED PHOTOINHIBITION
CONDITIONS
Principal investigator: Luisa
BASCUÑÁN, Universidad de
Concepción.
DESCHAMPSIA ANTARCTICA:
HYDROLYTIC AND METABOLIC ENZYMES
FOR USE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
Principal investigator: Claudia
RABERT, Universidad de La Frontera.
EFFECTS OF SALINE STRESS IN
THE COMPOSITION OF PHENOLIC
COMPOUNDS AND IN GENETIC
R E G U L AT I O N T H R O U G H T H E
PHENYLPROPANOID PATHWAY IN
DESCHAMPSIA ANTARCTICA
Principal investigator: Pablo
ZAMORA, Universidad de Santiago
de Chile.
CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
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R. STEHBERG
5. OTHER INITIATIVES
In addition to the projects in the four previous lines of research,
there are four projects that consider other areas of polar investigation
which are supported by INACH.
HISTORICAL ARCHEOLOGY OF THE EXTREME SOUTHWEST OF
THE SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS
Principal investigator: Rubén STEHBERG, Museo Nacional de
Historia Natural, in collaboration with Australian colleagues.
NEUTRON MONITOR MN-64 FOR THE CHILEAN ANTARCTIC
TERRITORY
Principal investigator: Enrique CORDARO, Universidad de Chile,
in collaboration with Italian researchers.
BIODIESEL:A GREEN ALTERNATIVE TO FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION
IN ANTARCTIC BASES
Principal investigator: Pedro CID-AGÜERO, Dirección de
Programas Antárticos, Universidad de Magallanes.
NASA
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION IN CHILEAN
ANTARCTIC BASES
Principal investigator:Claudio CASICCIA,
Universidad de Magallanes.
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CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
Icthyosaurs of
Torres del Paine
Antarctic
Psychrophiles
CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
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FINANCING
New opportunities for Chilean Antarctic science
INACH is a technical research organization
under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with
competence on all Antarctic scientific,
technological and outreach matters. One of
its strategies for providing greater resources for
Chilean Antarctic Science has been to collaborate
with other organizations dedicated to science
and technology in Chile and abroad.
In this way, during 2005, the Bicentennial
Science and Technology Program, together
with INACH, announced for the first time a
competition relating to the “Rings of Antarctic
Research” bringing together groups in academic
institutions and strengthening the formation
of human capital in polar research. The Ring
projects are proposed at a high level, within the
framework of the International Polar Year with
peer evaluation by recognized international
reviewers.
Finally, for the purpose of increasing Chilean
national “critical mass” in the Antarctic, in 2006
INACH initiated a program of Doctoral Thesis
Support Scholarships for Antarctic subject
matters. Postgraduate students will receive
stipends for two years to develop their theses in
several of the areas covered by the International
Polar Year. As of now, research support grants
have been provided to four doctoral candidates
in Biogeography, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry
and Physiology of Antarctic Organisms.
In addition, thanks to an agreement between
INACH and the Chilean National Fund for Scientific
and Technological Development (FONDECYT)
signed in March of 2007, investigators seeking
funding for scientific research in Chile will be
able to conduct projects in Antarctica with the
logistical support of INACH, provided that the
objectives of their projects are acceptable.
As of 2004, INACH has proposed increases
in the quality and the number of projects that
Chile conducts in Antarctica, either by means of
the aforementioned agreements, or through two
competitive methods: one of them addresses
research proposals involving activities in the
Antarctic Continent (field studies) and the other
finances analysis of material or data previously
collected (theoretical or laboratory research
projects, also known as “cabinet projects.”)
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CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
PRINCIPAL LINES OF RESEARCH AND SOURCES OF FINANCING
CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
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Productivity in Chilean Antarctic science (1980-2005).
Chilean Antarctic scientific productivity, measured in terms
of the number of ISI (Institute for Scientific Information)
publications, shows a noteworthy increase in recent years.
Maintaining this trend will require a policy that favors
competition for scientific research projects, along with peer
review in the selection process.
Number of ISI publications
Financing for Chilean Antarctic Science (2004-2011). The
evolution of financing of Chilean Antarctic science since
2004, with projections through the year 2011, indicates 2008
as the year of comparatively greater investment. However,
the projections show a decrease in financing after the
International Polar Year.
Evolution of INACH projects (2000-2008). An increase
in the sources and amounts of financing for Antarctic
scientific research, a consequence of the International Polar
Year, has resulted in an increase in the number of scientific
projects.
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CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
DIRECTORY OF PRINCIPAL SCIENTIFIC PROJECT
RESEARCH PERSONNEL
AGUAYO Lobo, Anelio
Departamento Científico,
Instituto Antártico Chileno.
Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055,
Punta Arenas.
(56-61) 298129
[email protected]
BASCUÑÁN Godoy, Luisa
Departamento de Botánica,
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y
Oceanográficas, Universidad de
Concepción.
Barrio Universitario s/n, Casilla
160-C, correo 3, Concepción.
(56-41) 2204115
[email protected]
BLAMEY Alegría, Jenny
Fundación Científica y Cultural
Biociencia (Fundación Biociencia).
José Domingo Cañas 2280,
Ñuñoa, Santiago.
(56-02) 343 25 78
[email protected]
CASANOVA Katny, María Angélica
Departamento de Botánica,
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y
Oceanográficas, Universidad de
Concepción.
Barrio Universitario s/n,
Concepción.
(56-09) 88677206
[email protected]
CID-AGÜERO, Pedro
Dirección de Programas
Antárticos, Universidad de
Magallanes.
Av. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas.
(56-61) 207187
[email protected]
CORDARO Cárdenas, Enrique
Dpto. Física, Lab. Rad. Cósmica,
Fac. Cs. F. y M., U. de Chile.
Av. Blanco Encalada 2008, 3er
piso. Casilla 5487, Santiago.
(56-09) 9784383
[email protected]
DOMÍNGUEZ Yévenes, Mariana
Depto. Microbiología, Fac.
Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad
de Concepción.
Barrio Universitario s/n, Casilla
160-C, correo 3, Concepción.
(56-41) 2204115
[email protected]
FAUGERON, Sylvain
Laboratorio Internacional Asociado
“Dispersal and Adaptation in
Marine Species” (LIA-DIAMS),
Dpto. Ecología, Facultad Ciencias
Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad
Católica de Chile.
Alameda 340, Santiago.
(56-02) 3542647
[email protected]
GIDEKEL Blufstein, Manuel
Dpto. Agroindustrias, Fac. Cs.
Agropecuarias y Forestales,
Universidad de La Frontera.
Av. Francisco Salazar 01145,
Temuco.
(56-45) 325699
[email protected]
GONZÁLEZ Wevar, Claudio
Instituto de Ecología y
Biodiversidad (IEB), Laboratorio de
Ecología Molecular, Departamento
de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad
de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile.
Avenida Las Palmeras 3425,
Ñuñoa, Santiago.
(56-09) 9787298
[email protected]
GONZÁLEZ Aravena, Marcelo
Departamento Científico,
Instituto Antártico Chileno.
Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055,
Punta Arenas.
(56-61) 298146
[email protected]
JAÑA Obregón, Ricardo
Departamento Científico,
Instituto Antártico Chileno.
Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055,
Punta Arenas.
(56-61) 298119
[email protected]
KRAUS, Stefan
Departamento Científico,
Instituto Antártico Chileno.
Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055,
Punta Arenas.
(56-61) 298135
[email protected]
LEPPE Cartes, Marcelo
Departamento Científico,
Instituto Antártico Chileno.
Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055,
Punta Arenas.
(56-61) 298128
[email protected]
OLAVARRÍA Barrera, Carlos
Fundación Centro de Estudios del
Cuaternario de Fuego-Patagonia y
Antártica - INACH.
Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta
Arenas.
(56-61) 298165
[email protected]
PALMA Behnke, Álvaro
Departamento de Ecología,
Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas,
P. Universidad Católica de Chile.
Alameda 340, Santiago.
(56-02) 6862610
[email protected]
POULIN Charmolue, Elie
Departamento de Ecología,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad
de Chile.
Av. Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653,
Ñuñoa, Santiago.
(56-09) 9787298
[email protected]
PRÉNDEZ Bolívar, Margarita
Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y
Farmacéuticas, Universidad de
Chile.
Olivos 1007, Independencia,
Santiago.
(56-2) 978 2806
[email protected]
RABERT Pinilla, Claudia
Facultad de Ciencias
Agropecuarias, Agroindustrias,
Universidad de La Frontera.
Av. Francisco Salazar 01145,
Temuco.
(56-45) 325468
[email protected]
RONDANELLI Reyes, Mauricio
Departamento Forestal, Campus
Los Ángeles, Universidad de
Concepción.
Barrio Universitario s/n,
Concepción.
(56-43) 405261
[email protected]
STEHBERG, Rubén
Museo Nacional de Historia
Natural
Quinta Normal s/n, Santiago.
Casilla 787, Santiago.
(56-2) 6804611
[email protected]
STINNESBECK, Wolfgang
Geologisches Institut der Universität
Heidelberg
Im Neuenheimer Feld 234
D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
[email protected]
TORRES Navarro, Daniel
Profesor de Biología
[email protected]
TORRES González, Teresa
Dpto. Prod. Agrícola, Facultad de
Ciencias Agronómicas,
Universidad de Chile.
Santa Rosa 11315, Campus
ANTUMAPU, Casilla 1004, La
Pintana, Santiago.
(56-09) 9785727
[email protected]
WENDT, Anja
Centro de Estudios Científicos,
CECS.
Arturo Prat 514, Valdivia.
(56-63) 234500
[email protected]
ZAMORA Cantillana, Pablo
Departamento de Biología,
Facultad de Química y Biología,
Universidad de Santiago de Chile.
Alameda 3363, Estación Central,
Santiago.
(56-2) 6811100 anexo 2428
[email protected]
SILVA Sandoval, Nelson
Escuela Ciencias Del Mar,
Pontificia Universidad Católica de
Valparaíso
Avenida Altamirano 1480,
Valparaíso.
(56-32) 274246
[email protected]
CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA
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CHILEAN PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ANTARCTICA