Unit 2 (Informative):
Weeks 6-11)
Aligned with Common Core State Standards and
Fayette County Public Schools,
ELA Curriculum Map and Pacing Guide
Covers CCSS Standards:
L.6.1c Recognize and correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person
RI6.1 Cite evidence to support analysis of what the text says
explicitly as well as inferences drawn
W6.2a Identify/write a relevant topic sentence
RI6.2 Determine a central idea and how it is conveyed
through details
RI.6.5 Analyze how a sentence fits into the overall structure
of a text and contributes to ideas
L.6.1b Use intensive pronouns
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W6.8 Quote or paraphrase data while avoiding plagiarism
Language Arts Flashbacks
Name:_____________________________________Class: ___________
Introduction to Academic Vocabulary
Antecedent
central idea
plagiarize
Match the words to their definition.
credible source
thesis
informational
1. _____________________________ text that gives facts and is true
2. _____________________________ the main idea of a passage
3. _____________________________ the word to which the pronoun refers
4. _____________________________ contains the focus of your essay and tells your reader what the essay
is going to be about
5. _____________________________ a source of information that is factual and reliable
Intensive pronouns
Circle the intensive pronouns.
1. I myself like a little stroll after dinner.
2. We went to hear the man himself speak.
3. The author approved the book cover herself.
4. I myself am tired of doing homework.
5. The president himself appeared at the rally.
6. My sister made the bread herself.
What type of text?
Write an “N” for narrative, “P” for persuasive or “I” for informational
______1. Includes headings and subheadings
______7. Has a character, setting and plot
______2. Tells a story
______8. Uses facts and evidence to make a case
______3. Has a problem that makes you wonder what will happen
______9. Has tables, graphs and pictures with captions
______4. Can be fiction or nonfiction
______5. Actions lead to solving a problem
______6. Has a strong point of view
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______10. Tries to influence the reader
______11. Has facts backed up by research
______12. Has boldfaced words or special text features
Language Arts Flashbacks
Name:_____________________________________Class: ___________
Citing Evidence to Support Inferences
El Santo was a famous fellow in Mexico. He was successful as a wrestler. But he was a
top movie star, too. In his movies he played a masked wrestler who helped catch criminals and
monsters. His best film was The Mummies of Guanajuato. El Santo died in 1984.
Which evidence best supports the inference that the masked wrestler performed good deeds
in movies?
A. “He was a top movie star…”
B. “El Santo died in 1984.”
C. “...a masked wrestler who helped catch criminals and monsters.”
D. “El Santo was a famous fellow in Mexico.”
Identifying the Central Idea
What is this passage mostly about?
Imagine testing glass by throwing chickens at it! Sometimes fast-moving airplanes
fly through flock of birds. If the birds hit the windshield of a plane, the glass could shatter and cause a crash. Airplane manufacturers have made a chicken cannon that fires
rubber chickens at glass windshields. If the windshield doesn’t break when the rubber
chicken hits it, the designers know that the class can withstand the force of a real
crash.
What is the central idea of this passage?
A. Why birds can be dangerous to airplanes
B. How a chicken cannon tests glass
C. How big a bird has to be to damage an airplane
D. How the chicken cannon works
_____Cite evidence that supports inferences RI6.1
_____Determine the central idea RI6.2
_____Identify intensive pronouns L.6.1b
_____Define essential vocabulary W6.8
_____Identify qualities of narrative, persuasive and informational texts
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Language Arts Flashbacks
Name:_____________________________________Class: ___________
Text Structure
Match the text structure with its definition.
A. Description
______1. The results of something are being explained.
B. Cause/Effect
______2. Information is organized in time order.
C. Problem/Solution
______3. Two or more things are described, with their similarities and
differences discussed.
D. Chronological/
Sequence
E. Compare/Contrast
______4. An issue is discussed along with a way to resolve it
______5. Tells about details or characteristics of something
Intensive vs. Reflexive Pronouns
Circle the pronouns and identify if it is reflex-
ive or intensive.
1. The mayor himself spoke to the crowd. _____________________________
2. The girls gave themselves enough time to finish the project. ____________________________
3. Help yourself to a glass of water. _______________________________
4. The cat gave itself a bath. _______________________________
5. The actress herself wrote the play. ___________________________________
Paraphrase Practice
Rephrase using your own words and sentence structure.
Of the more than 1000 bicycling deaths each year, three-fourths are caused by head injuries. Half of those killed are school-age children. One study concluded that wearing a bike
helmet can reduce the risk of head injury by 85 percent. In an accident, a bike helmet absorbs the shock and cushions the head. From "Bike Helmets: Unused Lifesavers," Consumer Reports (May 1990)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Language Arts Flashbacks
Name:_____________________________________Class: ___________
Citing Evidence to Support Inferences
Lucy Stone was an unusual woman in many ways. She graduated from college in the 1840s.
Stone was the first woman in Massachusetts to do this. She also fought hard to end slavery. And when
she married, she would not take her husband’s last name. Lucy Stone became the first woman in the
United States to keep her own name after marriage.
Which evidence from the text supports the inference that few women went to college in the 1840s?
A. “Lucy Stone was an unusual woman in many ways.”
B. “She graduated from college in the 1840s.”
C. “Stone was the first woman in Massachusetts to do this.”
D. “She fought hard to end slavery.”
Identifying the Central Idea
What is it mostly about?
When one hears the term "reality" applied to a television show, one might expect that
the events portrayed occurred naturally or, at the least, were not scripted, but this is not always
the case. Many reality shows occur in unreal environments, like rented mansions occupied by
film crews. Such living environments do not reflect what most people understand to be
"reality." Worse, there have been accusations that events not captured on film were later restaged by producers. Worse still, some involved in the production of "reality" television claim
that the participants were urged to act out story lines premeditated by producers. With such
accusations floating around, it's no wonder many people take reality TV to be about as real as
the sitcom.
What is the central idea of this passage?
A. The events in reality television occur naturally.
B. Being on a reality show is lucrative.
C. Reality television isn’t always “real.”
D. All reality shows are scripted.
_____Identify intensive and reflexive pronouns L.6.1b
_____Cite evidence to support inferences RI6.1
_____Identify the central idea RI6.2
_____ Determine the central idea RI6.2
_____Identify informational text structures W6.2, RI6.5
_____Paraphrase while avoiding plagiarism W6.8
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Language Arts Flashbacks
Name:_____________________________________Class: ___________
Identify the Text Structure
1. America suffered various setbacks under the Articles of Confederation. They soon realized a new form
of government was necessary for the success of the states. The United States Constitution was created,
a president was elected, and a supreme court and representative congress were formed.
A. Problem/Solution B. Description C. Compare/Contrast D. Chronological
2. Immigrants began to arrive in Texas to farm cotton. Then Robert Munger developed a new cotton
ginning process. Soon after the railroad system became a major transport of cotton.
A. Problem/Solution B. Cause/Effect
C. Description D. Chronological
3. The federal system divides powers between the national and state governments. Both can borrow
money, enforce laws, and establish courts but only the national government can declare war and establish post offices.
A. Description B. Compare/Contrast C. Cause/Effect
D. Problem/Solution
Intensive and Reflexive Pronouns Fill in the blank with the correct intensive or
reflexive pronoun. Identify if it is intensive or reflexive.
1. I fixed the leaking head gasket ____________________. (I / R)
2. Fourteen tourists found __________________ in an tough situation when visiting the ruins. (I / R)
3. Grabbing the microphone, Hannibal _____________________ spoke to the crowd. (I / R)
4. The Corvette __________________ is sitting in the garage waiting for you to start it. (I / R)
5. Andy, Toby, and I _____________________ are going to build the garage. (I / R)
Paraphrase Practice
Rephrase in your own words and sentence structure.
While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far,
it's unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the world's tallest
building. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing technology could produce a 500story building. From Ron Bachman, "Reaching for the Sky." Dial (May 1990)
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
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Language Arts Flashbacks
Name:_____________________________________Class: ___________
Citing Evidence to Support Inferences
A famous Saint Bernard dog named Barry lived in the Swiss Alps in the 1800s. Barry rescued people who were lost or trapped by avalanches. He would go out on his own each
morning. When he located someone who needed help, he would return with a human team
to aid them. Barry was responsible for saving the lives of over 40 people.
What evidence from the text best supports the inference that people in the Swiss Alps were
grateful to Barry?
A. “Barry rescued people who were lost or trapped by avalanches.”
B. “When he located someone who needed help…”
C. “...Barry lived in the Swiss Alps…”
D. “...he would return with a human team to aid them.”
Identifying the Central Idea
What is the passage mostly about?
Doctors wanted to find out why many athletes got stress fractures in their bones. They
studied a sports team and were surprised to find that the cause was sweat! The athletes lost
calcium in their sweat after hard exercise. Bones need calcium to stay healthy.
What is the central idea of this passage?
A. Doctors studied athletes
B. Where stress fractures occur
C. Why many athletes got stress fractures
D. What calcium does
_____Cite evidence that supports inferences RL6.1 _____Paraphrase while avoiding plagiarism W6.8
_____Identify the text structure W6.2, RI6.5
_____Determine the central idea RI6.2
_____Ensure pronouns are in the proper case L.6.1a
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Language Arts Flashbacks
Name:_____________________________________Class: ___________
Identify the Text Structure
1. Russia is one of the world’s largest countries in land area. It is nearly 6.6 million square miles and is
spread across two continents with the majority of the population living west of the Urals where the
climate is mild.
A. Problem/Solution B. Chronological
C. Description
D. Cause/Effect
2. As a result of the Law of April 6, 1830, issues of states’ rights, the Battle of Gonzales, and the colonists
feeling their rights as individuals were infringed upon, Mexico and the Texas colonists engaged in a
revolution that changed the course of history.
A. Chronological
B. Description
C. Cause/Effect
Correcting Pronoun Shifts in Number
D. Problem/Solution
Circle the correct pronoun.
1. If a salesperson calls, tell (them, him or her) that I’m not home.
2. If a passenger is running late, (he or she, they) must wait until the next flight is available.
3. Bill and Jim went home to get (their, his) bikes.
4. I talked to the guidance counselor, and (they, she) gave me good advice.
5. A politician should work hard to represent (his or her, their) district.
Supporting Details
If you were invited to dinner during the Middle Ages, you would have to be certain to wash
your hands. At that time people had only spoons and their fingers to eat with, and they shared plates.
Scratching an itch at the table was very impolite because you might carry the flea that was biting you
to the common food dish. But after dinner you would throw the bones on the floor for the dogs!
Which detail best supports the central idea that table manners in the Middle Ages were very unsanitary?
A. “Scratching an itch at the table was very impolite…”
B. “...you would have to be certain to wash your hands.”
C. “...their fingers to eat with, and they shared plates.”
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Language Arts Flashbacks
Name:_____________________________________Class: ___________
Making Accurate Inferences
A limousine is a large luxury car. Most limousines are custom-made. One special limousine is called “The American Dream.” It is sixty feet long, has two engines, and needs two people to drive it. One person drives from the front, and the other drives from the back. The two
drivers use headphones to communicate with each other.
Which of the following is an accurate inference based on the text?
A. Limousines are black.
B. You would not need training to drive “The American Dream.”
C. “The American Dream” can most likely only fit five people in it.
D. It is difficult to drive “The American Dream.”
Identifying the Central Idea
What is this passage mostly about?
Screech! When a driver pushes on the brake pedal, it initiates a process that causes the
vehicle to stop in motion. You literally trust automotive braking systems with your life every time
you get into a vehicle or cross at a busy intersection. But, how does this process work? It begins
when the pedal is pushed. At this moment, brake fluid is released into the area where the
breaking mechanisms are. As the fluid collects, this creates a leverage, which causes a friction
to be applied. If the breaking system is functioning properly, this friction will create a force that
will cause the wheels to stop and allow you to reach your destination safely.
What is the central idea of this passage?
A. Driver safety is very important.
B. You should always check your breaks to ensure they are working.
C. There are many processes that happen simultaneously to make your car work.
D. The braking system in a car is complex, but important.
_____Identify the text structure W6.2, RI6.5
______ Make correct inferences RI6.1
_____Determine what details support the central idea RI6.2
_____Determine the central idea RI6.2
_____ Recognize and correct pronouns shifts in number L.6.1c
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Language Arts Flashbacks
Name:_____________________________________Class: ___________
Writing Informative Topic Sentences
Mammals
Fish
Gills, fins, cold blood
Spine
Lungs, legs, warm blood
Heart
Which is the BEST topic sentence for a paragraph based on the above Venn diagram?
a. Mammals are warm-blooded; fish are cold-blooded.
b. Fish breathe through gills, while mammals breathe with lungs.
c. Fish and mammals are both animals, but they differ in many ways.
d. Both fish and mammals have spines and hearts.
Correcting Shifts in Pronoun Number
Write the correct pronoun on the line.
1. When Andy and Laura got home, _______________ ate a snack.
2.
When my cousin Jessica comes to visit this summer, _______________ will stay in our guest room.
3. The new girl on our softball team told me what _______________ old school was like.
4. Teachers should care about _______________ students.
5. Kristy and I worked on _______________ science project for two weeks
Academic Vocabulary Review
conclusion
headings
inference
Match the vocabulary with the definition.
intensive pronoun
non-fiction
1. _____________________ pronoun that emphasizes a noun or another pronoun (myself, ourselves)
2. _____________________ a logical guess or conclusion based on evidence
3. _____________________ writing that is true or factual
4. _____________________ the end which brings together the rest of the piece
5. _____________________ the title at the beginning of a section of text
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Language Arts Flashbacks
Name:_____________________________________Class: ___________
Making Accurate Inferences
The Chinese New Year is celebrated on the first day of the Chinese lunar calendar. This is not the
same as the New Year’s Day on the calendar most people in the United States use. To celebrate, the
Chinese people clean and decorate their houses. There are lion dances and fireworks. Red decorations line the streets for good luck. Ang-Pow, a red packet containing money, is given to unmarried
young people and elderly.
Which is an accurate inference based on the passage?
A. The Chinese people decorate for the Chinese New Year.
B. Ang-Pow is a red packet containing money.
C. Red is a special color used for the Chinese New Year.
D. Chinese New Year is on the same day as New Year’s Day in the United States.
Identifying the Central Idea
What is the passage mostly about?
There are many types of lethal venom in the animal kingdom, but perhaps no stranger
carrier than the platypus. The platypus is one of few venomous mammals. Males carry a venom cocktail in their ankle spurs that incapacitates victims with excruciating pain. Stranger still,
the platypus is the only mammal that uses electroreception. What this means is that the platypus uses its bill to sense the electricity produced by the muscular movements of its prey. The
platypus neither sees, hears, nor smells its prey while hunting but, rather, pursues it through electroreception. Perhaps most odd, the platypus is the only mammal that lays eggs rather than
giving birth to live young. The platypus is an odd creature indeed.
What is the central idea of this passage?
A. There are many types of lethal venom in the animal kingdom.
B. The platypus has many strange and unique attributes.
C. The platypus is one of the most venomous mammals.
D. Stay away from platypus, because they are dangerous.
_____ Recognize and correct pronouns shifts in number L.6.1c
_____ Determining the central idea RI6.2
_____ Making accurate inferences RI6.1
_____ Identify a relevant topic sentence W6.2a
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Language Arts Flashbacks
Name:_____________________________________Class: ___________
Topic Sentences
Use the paragraph to answer the question.
Every year my aunts, uncles, and cousins come from all over to spend Thanksgiving at my
house. In the morning, we have a touch football game. We usually play in a wide-open field
in the park near my home. My uncle takes pride in his defense. He jokes that no one can
score against him.
Which of the following is the BEST topic sentence for this paragraph?
a. Watching football on Thanksgiving is a tradition in my family.
b. Playing football on Thanksgiving is a tradition in my family.
c. On Thanksgiving all of my family members eat at my house.
d. I am determined to prove that my uncle is wrong.
Correcting Shifts in Pronoun Person
Cross out the incorrect pronoun and re
-write the correct pronoun above.
1. Bob and Frank are going to the science museum, where you can see artifacts from the Titanic.
2. She enjoys watching movies that make you cry.
3.
When a person goes to the opera, you should be on time.
4. Some students take carpentry class where you learn how to make furniture.
5.
They love to visit Hilton Head every summer, where you can swim in the Atlantic Ocean.
Writing Topic Sentences
Write an appropriate topic sentence for the following paragraph:
Although Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time, he failed almost all his classes in high school. Thomas Edison, the inventor, attended school for only three months. Harriet Tubman
was a slave with no formal schooling. But she used her knowledge of the forest to help more than three
hundred people escape from slavery!
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Language Arts Flashbacks
Name:_____________________________________Class: ___________
Identifying Text Structure and Making Accurate Inferences
As a child Florence Nightingale enjoyed playing nurse to her dolls and once saved the life of a
dog. Although her family was wealthy, she rejected British society. She preferred instead to be a nurse.
In 1854 she was asked to help wounded British troops who were fighting the Crimean War. Today she is
considered the founder of the nursing profession.
1. What text structure did the author use for this passage?
A. Cause/Effect
B. Problem/Solution
C. Description
D. Chronological
2. Which is an accurate inference that can be drawn from the passage above?
A. Nightingale liked animals.
C. Nightingale did not enjoy helping people.
B. Nightingale was a nurse.
D. Nightingale’s family was poor.
Identifying the Central Idea
What is this passage mostly about?
What do you get when you cross a robot and an astronaut? A Robonaut! Robonauts
are robot helpers designed to work side-by-side with astronauts. Work on the first Robonaut began in 1997, and by 2002 Robonaut B was revealed to the public. Robonaut B may have featured interchangeable lower bodies, like four-wheel mode or hydraulic legs, but scientists and
engineers continued to improve Robonaut. In February of 2010, Robonaut 2 was released to
the public. Robonaut 2 moved four times faster than the first Robonaut. An advanced version
of Robonaut 2 was finally tested in outer space in 2011. Robonaut functioned exactly as designed.
What is the central idea of this passage?
A. Robonauts have improved over the years.
B. Robonauts are a cross between a robot and an astronaut.
C. Work on the Robonaut began in 1997.
D. There are many different types of robots that can make life easier.
_____Make accurate inferences RI6.1
______ Identify the text structure RI6.5
_____Determine the central idea RI6.2
_____Identify and write a topic sentence W6.2a
_____Correct shifts in pronoun personL6.1c
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Week 6
Friday
Monday
B
1.
Informational
Week 7
2.
Central Idea
Monday
3.
Antecedent
1.
B
4.
Thesis
2.
D
5.
Credible Source
3.
E
4.
C
5.
A
Tuesday
1.
myself
2.
Himself
Tuesday
3.
Herself
1.
himself, intensive
4.
Myself
2.
Themselves, reflexive
5.
Himself
3.
Yourself, reflexive
6.
Herself
4.
Itself, reflexive
5.
Herself, intensive
Wednesday
1.
I
Wednesday
2.
N
3.
N
4.
N
750 of 1000 bike deaths are caused by head injuries.
Kids make up 500 of 1000 deaths. Wearing a helmet
takes on the impact of a crash and can make it 85%
less likely you will have a head injury.
5.
N
Thursday
6.
P
C
7.
N
Friday
8.
P
C
9.
I
Week 8
10. P
Monday
11. I
1.
A
12. I
2.
D
3.
B
Thursday
Tuesday
C
1.
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myself, intensive
2.
Themselves, reflexive
3.
Her
3.
Himself, intensive
4.
Their
4.
Itself, intensive
5.
Our
5.
Myself, intensive
Wednesday
Wednesday
1.
intensive pronoun
Professionals continue to try to build the world’s highest
building by out-building the Sears Tower. With modern tools,
professionals could build a 500-story building.
2.
Inference
3.
Non-fiction
4.
Conclusion
5.
Headings
Thursday
A
Friday
Thursday
C
Week 9
Monday
1.
C
2.
C
C
Friday
B
Week 11
Monday
Tuesday
1.
Him/her
2.
He/she
3.
Their
4.
She
5.
His/her
Wednesday
B
Tuesday
Replace you with…
1.
they
2.
Her
3.
He or she
4.
They
5.
They
C
Thursday
Wednesday
Many famous people did great things without schooling.
D
Friday
D
Week 10
Monday
Thursday
1.
D
2.
A
Friday
A
C
Tuesday
1.
they
2.
She
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