US History Final Exam Review Sheet
CHAPTER 8-PROGRESSIVES
1. Who were the muckrakers and what effect did they have on American life?
2. Upton Sinclair, a muckraker, wrote the book titled ______________________________
documenting Chicago’s stockyards.
3. Define suffrage. Why did the Progressive women demand suffrage?
4. What is the Sixteenth Amendment? How did it help the government?
5. How do the views of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bios differ?
6. Know the following Progressives: Jane Addams, Ida B. Wells, Carrie Chapman Catt,
Margaret Sanger
7. _________________________ was the publisher of the New York World.
8. Know the following Progressive groups: National Women’s Party, Women’s Christian
Temperance Union, Niagara Movement
CHAPTER 9-IMPERIALISM
9. Define Social Darwinism. How did some imperialists make use of this concept?
10. Who was Queen Liliuokalani? What changes did she bring to her country?
11. What was the Treaty of Paris? What were its terms?
12. Define guerrilla warfare. Who relied on guerrilla warfare?
13. Define the Foraker Act and Platt Amendment. Did they settle the debate over US policy
in Puerto Rico and Cuba?
14. Define Imperialism.
15. What role did yellow journalism play in the Spanish American War?
16. Know the following people and terms from Ch. 9: Jose Marti, Theodore Roosevelt,
Matthew Perry, William Randolph Hearst, George Dewey, Woodrow Wilson, Aggression,
Deterrence, Isolationism
17. Compare Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt’s Foreign policy?
CHAPTER 10-WWI
18. Why did the US remain neutral after WWI began?
19. What was the spark that ignited WWI? (hint-heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary)
20. Define Western Front. What characterized the region during WWI?
21. What was the League of Nations? How successful was the League of Nations?
22. Define reparations. What stance did Britain and France take on reparations?
23. Define influenza. What effect did it have on the world’s population immediately after
WWI?
24. Why did the US Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles?
25. What was the main point of Wilson’s Fourteen Points?
26. People and terms to know from Ch. 10: Zimmerman Note, Francis Ferdinand, Lusitania,
Espionage Act, Alliances, Self Determination
CHAPTER 11-1920s
27. Define bull market. How did it affect the investment activities of Americans?
28. Who was Andrew Mellon? What economic goals did he achieve?
29. What was the 18th Amendment? Which lawmakers supported it?
30. Define modernism. Explain how modernist ideas could be viewed in literature.
31. What was the Harlem Renaissance? Name and describe the accomplishments of two
people who took part in it.
32. How did the automobile change daily life for millions of Americans and how did effect
the economy of the US?
33. In 1933, Congress passed the _______ Amendment repealing Prohibition.
34. Know the following people and terms from Ch. 11: Calvin Coolidge, Warren G.
Harding,” New Woman”, Jazz, Harlem Renaissance, buying on margin, mass production,
Jim Crow laws, Red Scare
CHAPTER 12-THE GREAT DEPRESSION
35. Who was Herbert Hoover? What did he represent to the American people in 1928?
36. What was Mexican American repatriation? How did Mexican Americans respond to this
effort?
37. Define trickle-down economics. Explain how the depression proved whether or not this
theory worked.
38. How did the Great Depression affect the lives of urban and rural Americans?
39. Why did Herber Hoover’s policies fail to solve the country’s economic crisis?
40. How did the prosperity of the 1920s give way to the Great Depression?
CHAPTER 13-THE NEW DEAL
41. Part of President Roosevelt’s ways to combat the hardships of the Great Depression by
lowering taxes and expanding the federal government’s role was to increase the
national ___________________.
42. What was the foreign policy of the US during the 1930s?
43. What was the CCC and how did it help individual Americans?
44. Define collective bargaining and sit-down strikes. How effective did workers find these
methods?
45. Who was Mary McLeod Bethune? How did she feel about the New Deal?
46. What did Americans do find relief from their hardships during the 1930s?
47. Know the following terms and people from Ch. 13: Franklin D. Roosevelt, TVA, FDIC,
WPA, John Maynard Keynes, pump priming
CHAPTER 14-THE COMING OF WAR
48. Who was Adolf Hitler? How did he rise to power?
49. What was the Lend-Lease Act? How did it involve the US in WWII?
50. What happened as a result of Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor?
51. Who was General Douglas MacArthur? What happened to him and his soldiers in the
Philippines?
CHAPTER 15-WORLD WAR II
52. The absence of the _______________ _______________ (country) was a factor that
contributed to the ineffectiveness of the League of Nations.
53. Who were Dwight D. Eisenhower and George S. Patton? How were the two men linked?
54. What Americans were sent to internment camps?
55. Define D-Day. What was the result of this strategy?
56. What was the goal of the Manhattan Project?
57. Define genocide. How did Hitler attempt to accomplish genocide?
58. What was the purpose of the Nuremberg Trials?
CHAPTER 16-THE COLD WAR
59. Define satellite state. Why did the Soviets want satellite states?
60. Who was Joseph McCarthy? How did his supposed list of communists within the US
government create panic?
61. In post WWII, the economy (remained the same, grew steadily, or declined) as
unemployment usually remained low, and Americans purchased homes, automobiles,
and other wants and needs.
62. What was the Red Scare? What was similar between the 1920s Red Scare and the 1950s
Red Scare?
63. After WWII, Russia and the United States were the only two
________________________ in the world.
CHAPTER 18-CIVIL RIGHTS
64. Who was Martin Luther King, Jr? What did he achieve in his lifetime?
65. Define sit-ins. What response did the first sit-in of the civil rights movements---at a
Woolworth’s lunch counter in 1960-----provoke throughout the South?
66. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish? Who worked to push this bill through
Congress?
67. What did the 24th Amendment do? How did it help African Americans?
CHAPTER 20-VIETNAM
68. Who was Ho Chi Minh? What role did he play in Vietnam’s history?
69. Define hawks and doves. What generalizations can you make about each group?
70. What was the Tet Offensive? Why was it a tactical victory for the American but a
strategic victory for the communists?
71. Define the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the War Powers Act. What was the
relationship between them?
72. What was the reason why President Johnson’s “War on Poverty” achieved limited
success?
73. American foreign policy in Vietnam was focused on supporting the government of
______________ ______________________.
CHAPTER 23-CONSERVATIVE RESURGENCE
74. What was the result of the collapse of the Soviet bloc in 1989?
75. The collapse of the Soviet Union was hastened by Mikhail Gorbachev’s economic
policies known as ___________________________.
CHAPTER 24-NEW CENTURY
76. An economic challenge in an emerging global economy is the American workers are
competing for _______________ with workers in other countries.
77. US involvement in pre-emptive wars such as _______________ and
____________________ best represented the post-Cold War role of the US in global
politics.
HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS
78. “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their creator, with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." How does these ideas from the Declaration of
Independence relate to Enlightenment ideas?
79. “He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution,
and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended
Legislation:
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For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which
they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:
For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury:
For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offenses”
From which historic document are these statements listed?
80. What did the Declaration of Independence do to the relationship between Great Britain
and the colonies?
81. One way the American colonists addressed the grievance against the king of “imposing
taxes on us without consent” was to allow citizens the right to ___________________
for their representatives in Congress.
82. List the steps by which the Northwest Ordinance establishes a new territory becoming a
state.
SHORT ANSWER CHOICES
83. In the Declaration of Independence, American colonists included a list of grievances
against King George III. Among these grievances, the colonists accused the king of
“imposing taxes on us without our consent.”
Explain how the American colonists addressed this grievance when they established
their social contract with the government of the newly independent United States.
84. Give two examples of how the government under the Articles of Confederation was too
weak to solve problems in the 1780s.
85. Identify two examples that illustrate how the Constitution strengthened the structure
of the national government from the weaker Articles of Confederation.
86. Identify and explain an example of a government action that occurred in the 1930s that
demonstrates support of an isolationist foreign policy.
87. Explain two ways anti-immigrant attitudes increased social unrest after WWI.
88. Identify two organizations (not groups) that struggled for equal opportunities and civil
rights for minorities and explain the primary goal of each.
89. The attacks on September 11th 2001 brought about new challenges and debates
centered around balancing the rights of US Citizens with keeping citizens safe. Because
of these new challenges and debates, the US has had to figure out how to handle the
detainment and torture of enemy combatants (soldiers). Analyze the debate about the
detainment and torture of enemy combatants by citing a reason for and a reason
against it.
90. Analyze how the use of the internet has led to the increase in global communications.
Cite one piece of evidence to support your analysis.
Part III: Extended Response
91. Describe two problems facing the United States in 1787, then explain how the
development of a strong central government under the Constitution addressed each of
these problems.
92. Describe 2 reasons why the US turned to a foreign policy of imperialism during the late
1800s and early 1900s.
AMENDMENTS 1-27
Amendment 1 – Freedom of Religion, Speech and the Press; Rights of Assembly and Petition.
Amendment 2 - Right to Bear Arms
The amendment was adopted so that Congress could not disarm a state militia.
Amendment 3 – Housing of Soldiers
Grew directly out of an old complaint against the British, who had forced people to take
soldiers into their homes.
Amendment 4 – Search and Seizure
You may not be searched or have property seized without probable cause and/or a search
warrant.
Amendment 5 - Rights of the accused (Self-incrimination, Double Jeopardy, Due Process, Just
Compensation)
Amendment 6- Rights to a Fair Trial (Speedy and Public Trial by Jury*, Tried in state where
crime was committed, Informed of charges against accused, Witnesses, Right to a lawyer)
Amendment 7- Rights in Civil Cases (Trial by jury in civil cases over $20)
Amendment 8 – Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Bails, fines and punishments must be humane and fit the crime committed
Amendment 9 – Rights Retained by the People
Any rights not listed in the Constitution are still protected
Amendment 10 – Powers Retained by the States and the People
States or people have all powers not given to national government. (ie: marriage)
Amendment 11 – Lawsuits Against States
It is impossible for the citizen of one state to sue another state. (So, Salem can’t sue Iowa)
Amendment 12 – Election of President and Vice President
(1804) Provides that members of the electoral college (called electors), vote for one person as
president and one person as vice president.
Amendment 13 – Abolition of Slavery
1st CIVIL WAR AMENDMENT - Slavery is illegal
Amendment 14- Civil Rights
2nd CIVIL WAR AMENDMENT - Slaves recieve Citizenship and protection of due process
Amendment 15 – African American Suffrage
3rd CIVIL WAR AMENDMENT - African Americans recieve the right to vote...note that there is
no mention of gender…
Amendment 16 – Income Taxes
Congress has the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes
Amendment 17- Direct Election of Senators
The states have the power to directly elect senators to represent them. (before this, the state
legislature decided who the senators were)
Amendment 18- Prohibition of Liquor
(1919) Forbade people to make, sell, or transport liquor.
Amendment 19- Women’s Suffrage
Gives women the power to vote
Amendment 20- Terms of President and Congress
Moves the date that newly elected presidents and members of Congress take office close to
election time. President: January 20th, Congress: January 3rd
Amendment 21-Repeal of Prohibition
Repeals the 18th amendment.
Amendment 22- Limitation of Presidents to Two Terms
No person can be elected president more than twice.
Amendment 23- Suffrage in the District of Columbia
Allows citizens of Washington D.C. to vote in the presidential elections. However, they cannot
vote for members of Congress.
Amendment 24-Poll Taxes
Forbids making voters pay a poll tax before they can vote in a national election.
Amendment 25- Presidential Disability and Succession
If president is removed, dies, or resigns, the vice president becomes president. The president
fulfills a vice president vacancy, by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.
Amendment 26- Suffrage for 18-Year-Olds
Voting age moved to 18
Amendment 27- Congressional Pay Raises
Any increase in congressional pay does not go into effect until after the next regular election of
the House of Representatives