(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Chapter – 3) (Atoms and Molecules)
3 Marks each
Question 1:
John placed 10 moles of sulphur molecules (S8) and 5 moles of glucose
(C6H12O6) in the two different pans of a physical balance. Find which pan
of the balance would be heavier, support your answer with
calculations.
(Atomic mass: O = 16 u, C = 12 u, H = 1 u, S = 32 u)
[CBSE 2014]
Answer 1:
Molecular mass of sulphur molecules (S8)
= 32 × 8 = 256 gm
Molecular mass of glucose (C6H12O6)
=(6 × 12) +( 1 × 12) +( 6 × 16)
= 72 + 12 + 96=180
Weight of 10 moles of S8 =10 × 256 = 2560
Weight of 5 moles of glucose = 5 × 180 = 900
Therefore, 10 moles of sulphur would weigh more.
www.tiwariacademy.com
A Free web support in education
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Chapter – 3) (Atoms and Molecules)
Question 2:
(a) What is Avogadro constant?
(b) Calculate the number of particles present in 56 gm of N2 molecule.
[CBSE 2012]
Answer 2:
(a) The number of atoms or molecules in 12 gm of carbon-12 ( in a mole
of a substance) is called as Avogadro constant (6.022 × 1023 )
(b) Number of molecules(N) =
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 ×𝐴𝑣𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑜′ 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
Molar mass of 1 mole of N2 = 14 × 2 =28
N=
56
×6.022 × 1023
28
N = 12.044 × 1023
Hence there are 12.044 × 1023 particles present in 56 gm of N2
Question 3:
Calculate the number of moles present in
(a) 60 g of calcium.
(b) 3.011 × 1023 number of oxygen atoms.
[Given that Ca = 40 u; Avogadro number, NA = 6.022 × 1023 per mole]
[CBSE 2012]
Answer 3:
(a) Number of moles of Ca =
(b) Number of moles =
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑖𝑢𝑚
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑖𝑢𝑚
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
6.022×1023
=
=
60
40
= 1.5 moles
3.011×1023
6.022×1023
www.tiwariacademy.com
A Free web support in education
= 0.5mol
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Chapter – 3) (Atoms and Molecules)
Question 4:
(a) The average atomic mass of a sample of an element X is 35.5u. What
are the percentages of isotopes 17X37 and 17X35 in the sample ?
(b)
Write any two applications of isotopes.
[CBSE 2012]
Answer 4:
(a) Let the percentage of 37
17𝑋 is p
Percentage of 35
17𝑋 = (100 – p)
Average atomic weight = 35.5
Therefore
35.5 =
37𝑝 + 35(100 − 𝑝)
100
3550 = 37p + 3500 − 35p
3550 – 3500 = 37p - 35p
2p = 50 ⇒ p = 25%
35
Therefore, sample of 37
17𝑋 is 25% and 17𝑋 will be 100 – 25 = 75%
(b) Cesium 137 – Used to treat cancerous tumors.
Calcium 47 – It is an important aid for biomedical researchers studying
the cellular functions.
www.tiwariacademy.com
A Free web support in education
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Chapter – 3) (Atoms and Molecules)
Question 5:
Nitu presented a silver lamp to her mother on her birthday. The lamp
contained 3. 011 × 1023 atoms of silver in it. What is the mass of silver
lamp and the cost of it if 1 gm silver costs ₹ 60.
Atomic mass of Ag = 108 u, N0 = 6.022 × 1023 per mole.
[CBSE 2012]
Answer 5:
Atomic mass of silver (Ag) = 108 u
Since mass of 6.022 × 1023 atoms of silver (Ag) = 108 u
Hence mass of 3.011 × 1023 atoms of silver (Ag)
=
108×3.011×1023
6.022×1023
= 54 gm
Cost of 1 gm silver = 60
Therefore, cost of silver lamp = 60 × 54 = ₹ 3240
Question 6:
Give an account of the ‘mole concept’.
[CBSE 2011]
Answer 6:
Mole is a unit to express amount of any chemical compound that contains
atoms/molecules/ions equal to atoms present in 12 gram of carbon-12
isotope. This number of atoms is fixed and is equal to 6.022 ×
1023 (Avagadro’s number). Thus a mole expresses a collection of 6.022 ×
1023 atoms, molecules, ions, etc. For e.g., 1 mole of oxygen atom refers to
6.022 × 1023 atoms of oxygen.
www.tiwariacademy.com
A Free web support in education
(www.tiwariacademy.com)
(Chapter – 3) (Atoms and Molecules)
Question 7:
Calculate the ratio by number of atoms for Magnesium sulphide.
[Atomic mass of Mg => 24, S => 32]
[CBSE 2011]
Answer 7:
Atomic mass of Mg = 24
Atomic mass of S = 32
Ratio of Mg and S in Magnesium sulphide = 24:32 = 3:4
Mass ratio / Atomic mass of Magnesium (Mg) =
Mass ratio / Atomic mass of Sulphur (S) =
4
32
=
3
24
1
8
=
1
8
1 1
Hence, ratio of atoms in Magnesium sulphide (MgS) = : or 1 : 1.
8 8
www.tiwariacademy.com
A Free web support in education