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1.3
BIOMES OF MANITOBA
A biome is a major regional ecosystem (ecoregion) made up of a distinctive type of vegetation and its
associated animal life (i.e grasslands, tundra, etc.). Manitoba is subdivided into four biomes, each with
its distinct plants and animals which reflect the regional climate and soils in the area. They are:
LTUNDRA
Poorly drained
• Saturated soils
Permafrost
• Short growing season
• Example Churchill
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2. BOREAL FOREST
• Long cold winters
Deep snow
• Thin acidic soils
• Short cool summers
• Example Thompson, Fun Flon, Lynn Lake
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3. TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST
• Deciduous and coniferous trees
• Variable soil conditions, grey to black
• Moist summers, variable snow cover in winter
• Examples Dauphin, Swan River
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4. GRASSLAND
• Warm dry summers
• Fertile soils
• Few trees, mostly along creeks or river valleys
• Cold dry winters
• Examples Melita, Virden, Deloraine
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Because the Boreal Forest is the largest biome in our province, we will be focusing on it in this unit.
However, each biome has its unique challenges to its sustainability. For example, oil and gas exploration
in the tundra may harm the soil and vegetation, or poor farming practices may harm the soils of the
grassland and contribute to erosion and excessive runoff of pesticides into rivers. As a citizen, your
awareness of the issues will help you make choices that contribute to the sustainability of ecosystems
and the health of the planet. By reducing consumption, reusing things, and recycling, we can minimize
our use of natural resources.
Manitoba Model Forest 21