Index Instruments Limited
PTR 2a and PTR 2a X
High Accuracy Refractometers
Operators Handbook
© This handbook is copyright Index Instruments Ltd. 2005
INDEX
INSTRUMENTS LIMITED
Index Instruments Limited
Bury Road Industrial Estate
Ramsey, Huntingdon, Cambs.,
PE26 1NF England
Tel No.: +44 (0)1487 814313
Fax No.: +44 (0)1487 812789
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.indexinstruments.com
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
OPERATOR'S
HANDBOOK
PTR 2a and PTR 2aX
AUTOMATIC REFRACTOMETER
Issue 3 June 2009
MODE D’EMPLOI
REFRACTOMETRES AUTOMATIQUES
A EFFET PELTIER
Modèles PTR 2 et PTR 2 X
Version 3 Juin 2009
BEDIENUNGSANLEITUNG für die AUTOMATISCHEN
REFRAKTOMETER PTR 2 und 2 X
Ausgabe 3 Juni 2008
MANUAL DEL OPERADOR
REFRACTOMETROS AUTOMATICOS
MODELOS PTR 2 y PTR 2 X
Documento 3 Junio 2008
© Index Instruments Ltd. 2009
INDEX INSTRUMENTS Ltd.
Industrial Estate, Bury Road,
RAMSEY, Huntingdon,
Cambridgeshire, PE26 1NF
ENGLAND
Tel: +44 (0)1487 814313
Fax: +44 (0)1487 812789
E-mail: [email protected]
Web site: www.indexinstruments.com
i
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
ii
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
CONTENTS
INSTALLATION CHECK LIST
1 INTRODUCTION
2 WARNINGS
3.1 INSTALLATION, PTR Refractometer
3.2 PRINTER INSTALLATION
4.1 DIAGRAM OF INSTRUMENT
4.2 DISPLAY - BASIC
5 OPERATION
6 SAMPLE HANDLING
6.1 STANDARD HINGED SAMPLE COVER
6.2 SOLID SAMPLES
6.3 SAMPLING WITH FUNNEL CELL
6.4 SAMPLING WITH FLOW / INJECTION CELL
7 WATER REFERENCE POINT (ZERO CHECKING AND SETTING)
8 ADVICE ON TEMPERATURE CONTROL
9 OUTPUT / INPUT
9.1 CONNECTING A PRINTER
9.2 REMOTE PORT
9.3 BAR CODE READER
9.4 AUXILIARY PORT
10 FITTING / CHANGING SAMPLE CELLS
11 REMOTE CONTROL UNIT (Optional Accessory)
1
3
4
8
9
10
11
12
13
13
15
16
18
20
22
23
23
24
24
25
26
27
APPENDIX 1: Technical Specification
APPENDIX 2: RI Water v Temperature
APPENDIX 3: Use of Solid Test Pieces
APPENDIX 4: Refractometer Reference Standards
APPENDIX 5: Marginal Substances
APPENDIX 6: Samples of Print Out
APPENDIX 7: Error Messages
APPENDIX 8: Brix Scale
APPENDIX 9: FURTHER INFORMATION ON PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTIONS
APPENDIX 10: Guarantee
APPENDIX 11: Declaration of Conformity
INDEX
29
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
43
45
47
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
INSTALLATION CHECK LIST
For reference you may wish to complete the following check list for your particular
installation. The information recorded will assist traceability records.
Refractometer model no.
PTR 2a / PTR 2a X *
Serial number
Date installed
Location
Service interval
Recalibration interval
Accessory check list:
Power supply
Mains lead
Operator's Handbook
Dust cover
Cell type:
Hinged sample cover (normally fitted yes
as standard)
/no*
List other cells:
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES:
Printer
Bar code reader
Remote control
* Delete as appropriate
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
1 INTRODUCTION
Thank you for choosing an INDEX INSTRUMENTS PTR 2a or 2aX automatic
refractometer.
The PTR refractometers have been designed to be accurate, reliable and simple to
use. The temperature is controlled electronically using a Peltier cell to a high degree
of stability, removing the need for an external thermocirculator.
The PTR 2a and 2aX models are the simplest models within the range of PTRs and
are ideal for routine measurements at a single fixed temperature on a single fixed
scale. They are therefore extremely easy to set up and use. The reading can be
output to a computer or printer at any time. Sample identification can be added
using a bar code reader. Suitable printers and bar code readers are available as
optional accessories from Index Instruments.
By purchasing the optional remote control unit, access can be gained to additional
facilities such as changing the scale, changing the sample temperature or altering
the mode of operation. Use of the remote control also allows the addition of time,
date, instrument serial number or sample number to the print out.
Refractive index is measured by the "critical angle" method similar to the method
used in a visual Abbe refractometer. Because back reflected light is used, very dark
samples can be measured as easily as clear samples. The wavelength of light used
is sodium yellow (589nm). The PTR refractometer has an almost indestructible
sapphire prism, a sealed casing, no moving parts and a selection of optional sample
cells making it both extremely reliable and versatile in use.
Although we are sure you want to start making measurements immediately, to get
the best out of your new PTR, please take a little time to read this handbook,
especially the warning section and sections on sample handling.
All PTRs are very carefully calibrated and inspected on an individual basis before
being packed with equal care for dispatch to all parts of the world. Should you
encounter any problems on initial installation, please contact your local agent or
Index Instruments for advice.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
2 WARNINGS
MANUFACTURER'S STATEMENT ON CALIBRATION AND GUARANTEE
Index Instruments Ltd apply modern computerized calibration methods using skilled
staff working in temperature controlled calibration rooms. The calibration samples
used on the PTR range from reference crystals to standard liquids covering the
whole range of the instrument. In addition to the above, each individual instrument is
tested on a range of known, difficult samples, many of which cannot be read on a
visual refractometer.
In common with manufacturers of similar equipment, we can only guarantee
compliance with the quoted specification at the actual time of calibration and final
testing. The reason for this is that, while we take meticulous care in calibrating,
packing and shipping instruments, we have no control over how an instrument is
handled or used once it leaves our premises. While our guarantee covers faulty
parts and materials for one year, it is the responsibility of the purchaser/user to
check that the calibration is of sufficient accuracy for their requirements.
Index Instruments Ltd will not be held responsible for calibration errors, however
caused, and absolutely excludes itself and its staff from any subsequent loss, even
in the unlikely event of negligence on our part. Our responsibility is limited to the
repair or replacement of the faulty equipment.
Never attempt to open the sealed base unit of the PTR. Opening the sealed base
unit invalidates the guarantee. There are no user adjustments inside this sealed
unit. If a fault develops which you suspect is within the sealed unit, contact Index
Instruments Ltd or your local distributor.
CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY AND AGGRESSIVE SAMPLES
No instrument can be completely impervious to attack from all types of products and
chemicals and you should therefore read the following warning before using the PTR
refractometer.
The materials that normally come into contact with the sample on a standard PTR
are:- synthetic sapphire, stainless steel, silicone rubber, "Delrin" plastic (Acetal
Homopolymer). Samples which attack these materials should not be used on the
PTR. If your samples do attack any of the above, it may be possible to supply a
specially modified instrument to suit your particular samples. Please contact Index
Instruments Ltd.
Samples that are NOT suitable include strong acids and strong alkalis and solvents
such as heptane. It is best to avoid prolonged contact with any aggressive sample
or solvent.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Always connect the instrument as instructed in this handbook. Disconnect power
supply from mains before servicing.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
(F) 2 MISE EN GARDE AVANT L’INSTALLATION
CONSEILS ELEMENTAIRES DE SOIN D’UTILISATION
Le prisme est en saphir synthétique et ne risque donc pas d'être endommagé par des échantillons
corrosifs ou abrasifs.
Par contre, aucune colle, ni joint d'étanchéité, n'étant complètement inerte à tous les produits
chimiques, dans le cas d'utilisation d'échantillons ou de solvants de nettoyage particulièrement
agressifs, consultez-nous et nous vous conseillerons pour l'application projetée.
Le PTR est auto-thermostaté électroniquement par effet Peltier et un thermomètre incorporé contrôle
en permanence la température de l'échantillon et l’affiche pendant tout le temps que dure la mesure.
ETALONNAGE EN SORTIE D’USINE
Index Instruments a étalonné votre PTR avec soin dans son laboratoire de métrologie qui est sous
température contrôlée et régulée. La procédure utilisée comprend l’emploi d’étalons solides et
liquides qui couvrent la totalité de la plage de mesure de l’appareil. En outre chaque appareil est
ensuite testé avec des produits réputés difficiles à mesurer et dont l’indice de réfraction ne peut pas
être mesuré avec un réfractomètre d’Abbe classique.
Comme tous les fabricants d’appareils similaires, Index Instruments ne peut que garantir que
l’appareil étalonné a satisfait aux tests de conformité au moment de l’étalonnage. En effet, malgré le
soin que nous apportons ensuite aux conditions de stockage et à l’emballage de nos appareils, nous
n’avons aucun moyen de contrôle ni sur les conditions réelles de transport, ni sur les conditions
d’utilisation de nos appareils.
Index Instruments ne peut donc être tenue pour responsable d’erreurs éventuelles d’étalonnage qui
surviendraient soit à la livraison soit en cours d’utilisation de ses appareils, ni des conséquences qui
pourraient en résulter. La seule responsabilité d’Index Instruments ou de son distributeur local ne
peut être alors que la réparation de l’appareil ou son remplacement.
COMPATIBILITE CHIMIQUE POUR ECHANTILLONS AGRESSIFS
Certains échantillons peuvent être chimiquement agressifs. Aussi il vous appartient de vérifier la
compatibilité chimique des matériaux qui sont ou peuvent être en contact avec vos échantillons. Ces
matériaux sont : le saphir de synthèse, l’acier inox 316, le caoutchouc silicone, le Delrin (Acetal
Homopolymère). Nous déconseillons formellement d’utiliser votre réfractomètre PTR avec des acides
forts, des bases fortes et de l’heptane. D’autres échantillons peuvent s’avérer néfastes pour votre
réfractomètre ; en cas de doute, n‘hésitez pas à nous contacter.
SECURITE ELECTRIQUE
Avant de brancher votre réfractomètre, lisez attentivement les recommandations du chapitre 3.1.
Ayez toujours le réflexe de ne jamais ouvrir le boîtier de l’alimentation électrique sans l’avoir
débranché au préalable.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
(D) 2 Besondere Hinweise für den Anwender
Herstellerzertifickat für Kalibrierung und Garantie
Index Instruments hat sehr gut ausgebildetes Personal, um mit Hilfe des Computers moderne
Kalibriermethoden in speziell hierfür eingerichteten Räumen durch zuführen. Die für das PTR zur
Kalibrierung verwendeten Proben, von Referenzkristallen bis hin zu Flüssigen Standards, decken den
ganzen Messbereich des Gerätes ab. Zusätzlich wird jedes Gerät noch von bekannten sehr
schwierigen Proben getestet, die für ein visuelles Refraktometer nicht messbar sind.
Ebenso wie Hersteller von ähnlichen Geräten, können wir nur die angegebenen Spezifikationen
garantieren, die bei der Kalibrierung und dem Abschlusstest festgestellt worden sind. Wir verwenden
äußerste Sorgfalt für die Kalibrierung, Verpackung und Versendung der Geräte, aber wir haben keine
Kontrolle, wie ein Gerät behandelt oder benutzt wird, wenn es unsere Firma verlässt. Unsere
Garantieleistung für 1 Jahr beinhaltet Ersatz von fehlerhaften Teilen und Material. Der Endbenutzer
hat deshalb zu prüfen, ob die Kalibrierung für seine Anforderungen ausreichend ist.
Index Instruments schließt jegliche Haftung für Kalibrierfehler aus und übernimmt die volle
Verantwortung für die Reparatur oder den Ersatz von fehlerhaftem Material innerhalb der
Garantiezeit.
Das versiegelte Gehäuse darf vorn Anwender des PTR nicht geöffnet werden. Das Öffnen des
versiegelten Gehäuses macht die Garantie ungültig. Für den Anwender gibt es keine
Bedienelemente innerhalb des Gehäuses. Sollte der Anwender vermuten, dass ein Fehler innerhalb
des Gehäuses ist, so solte er Index Instruments oder seinen zuständigen Lieferanten verständigen.
Chemische Verträglichkeit und sehr stark aggressive Proben
Kein Gerät kann vollständig von der Aggressivität von den verschiedensten Produkten und
Chemikalien geschützt werden. Deshalb sind die folgenden Hinweise sorgfältig zu lesen, bevor das
PTR-Refraktometer in Betrieb genommen wird.
Die Materialien des PTR's welche in Kontakt mit der Probe kommen können sind: das synthetische
Prisma, Edelstahl, Silikongummi, Delrinplastik (Acetat Homopolymer). Proben, die all diese
Materialien angreifen, solten nicht mit dem PTR in Berührung kommen. Sollte jedoch Ihre Probe nur
eine davon angreifen, so ist es möglich, ein modifiziertes Gerät zu liefern, welches speziell für Ihr
produkt geeignet ist. Deshalb sollte man vorher den Hersteller oder seinen Vertreter befragen.
Proben die nicht verwendet werden dürfen, sind sehr starke Säuren und Alkalien, sowie Lösungen
wie z. B. Heptan. Es ist daher zu empfehlen, den längeren Kontakt mit jeglichen aggressiven Proben
und Lösungen zu Vermeiden.
Elektrische Sicherheit
Alle elektrischen Leitungen sollen genau wie im Handbuch beschrieben verbunden werden. Die
Stromversorgung ist vor dem öffnen vom Netz zu trennen.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
(E) 2 ADVERTENCIAS
DECLARACION DEL FABRICANTE SOBRE CALIBRACION Y GARANTIA
Index Instruments Ltd. Aplica modernos métodos computarizados de Calibración utilizando personal
capacitado, trabajando en cuartos de Calibración con Temperatura controlada. Las muestras de
Calibración usadas en la Línea de los Refractómetros PTR abarca desde cristales de referencia
hasta estándares líquidos cubriendo el rango total del Instrumento. En adición a lo anterior, cada
instrumento individualmente sobre un rango de conocidas, muestras difíciles, muchas de las cuales
no pueden ser leídas en un Refractómetro Visual.
En común con los productores de equipos similares, nosotros podemos garantizar únicamente
conformidad con las especificaciones cotizadas al momento actual de la calibración y prueba final.
La razón para esto es que mientras que nosotros tenemos un meticuloso cuidado en la calibración,
empaque y despacho de los instrumentos, nosotros no tenemos control sobre cómo un instrumento
es manejado o usado una vez este sale de nuestras instalaciones. Mientras nuestra garantía cubre
fallas en partas y materiales por un año, es la responsabilidad del comprador o usuario chequear que
la calibración esté lo suficiente precisa para sus requerimientos.
Index Instruments Ltd no se hace responsable de errores de calibración, sin embargo causados, y
absolutamente se excluye el mismo y su personal de cualquier subsecuente pérdida, aún en el muy
poco probable evento de negligencia de nuestra parte. Nuestra responsabilidad es limitada a la
reparación o reemplazo del equipo que falle.
Nunca intente abrir la base de la unidad sellada del PTR. Abriendo la base de la unidad sellada
invalida la garantía. No hay ajustes que deba realizar el usuario dentro de la unidad sellada. Si una
falla se presenta la cual usted sospecha que está dentro de la Unidad sellada, contacte a Index
Instruments Ltd o a su distribuidor local.
COMPATIBILIDAD QUIMICA Y MUESTRAS AGRESIVAS
Ningún instrumento puede ser completamente insensible al ataque de todo tipo de productos y
químicos y usted debería por consiguiente leer la siguiente advertencia antes de usar el
Refractómetro PTR.
Los materiales que normalmente están en contacto en un Refractómetro PTR estándar son: - zafiro
sintético, acero inoxidable, silicona, plástico “Delrin” ( Acetal Homopolimero). Muestras que ataquen
estos materiales no deben ser usadas sobre el Refractómetro PTR. Si sus muestras atacan
cualquiera de estos materiales es posible suministrarle un instrumento especialmente modificado que
sea apropiado a sus muestras particulares. Por favor contacte Index Instruments Ltd.
Muestras que NO son apropiadas incluyen ácidos fuertes y bases fuertes y solventes tales como el
Heptano. Es mejor evitar cualquier prolongado contacto con cualquier muestra agresiva o solvente.
SEGURIDAD ELECTRICA
Siempre conecte el instrumento como es indicado en este manual. Desconecte la fuente de poder
del circuito principal antes de cualquier revisión o mantenimiento.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
3.1 INSTALLATION
PTR Refractometer
FRANCAIS (F): INSTALLATION
DEUTSCH (D): AUFSTELLUNG
ESPANOL (E): INSTALACION
FUSE: 1 A, 20mm
anti surge
FUSIBLE: 1 A, 20mm
NETZSICHERUNG: 1 A, 20mm
FUSIBLE: 1 A, 20mm
anti-surtension
trage
contra sobrecargas
AC
50/60Hz
95-265v
*
POWER SUPPLY
Alimentation
Stromversorgung
Caja suministro
de Energia
*
PTR
BROWN - LIVE
BLUE - NEUTRAL
YELLOW/GREEN - EARTH
(GROUND)
BRUN
BLEU
JAUNE/VERT
BRAUN
BLAU
GELB/GRUN
MARRON
AZUL
AMARILLO/VERDE
* HEAT SINK - DO NOT COVER
Boîtier formant radiateur : ne pas couvrir
Die Heizvorrichtung sollte - nicht abgedeckt sein
DIFUSOR DE CALOR - NO CUBRA
8
-
PHASE
NEUTRE
TERRE
PHASE
NEUTRAL
ERDUNG
FASE
NEUTRO
TIERRA
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
3.2 PRINTER INSTALLATION
BRANCHEMENT D'UNE IMPRIMANTE
AUFSTELLUNG DRUCKER
CONECTANDO UNA IMPRESORA
AUXILLARY
PRINTER
REMOTE
25 way D
2
3
7
RS 232
2
9
3
7
25 way D
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
4.1 DIAGRAM OF INSTRUMENT
SCHEMA FONCTIONNEL DE L’APPAREIL
Querschnitt des Gerätes
DIAGRAMA DEL INSTRUMENTO
SAMPLE PRESSER
PRESSE-ENCHANTILLON
..
PROBEN ANDRUCKSTEMPLE
PRENSA MUESTRA
PRISM
PRISME
PRISMA
PRISMA
SAMPLE COVER
SAMPLE CUP
COUVERCLE A CHARNIERE
PROBEN DECKEL
CUBRE MUESTRAS
COUPELLE DE MESURE
PROBENRAUM
COPA PARA MUESTRAS
HEAT SINK
ECHANGEUR THERMIQUE
DIE HEIZVORRICHTUNG SOLLTE
DIFUSOR DE CALOR
INPUT/OUTPUT SOCKETS
PORTS ENTREE/SORTIES
BUCHSEN FUR EIN UND AUSGANGE
TOMA DE ENTRADA/SALIDA
INFORMATION LABEL
PLAQUE SIGNALETIQUE
ETIKETT FUR WICHTIGE HINWEISE
ETIQUETA DE IN FORMACION
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
4.2 DISPLAY - BASIC
AFFICHAGE - INFORMATIONS DE BASE
HAUPTANZEIGE
PANTALLA - BASICA
MODE OF OPERATION
MODE DE MESURE
BEDIENERMODUS
MODO DE OPERATION
READOUT SPEED
F fast, M medium, S slow
VITESSE - F rapide, M moyenne,
S réduite
GESCHWINDIGKEIT - F Schnelle,
M Mittlere, S Langsame
VELOCIDAD F rápida, M media,
S reducida
SCALE
XXXXXXXXXXX
ECHELLE
SKALA
ESCALA
*
(X)
SAMPLE TYPE
“E” EMULSION
TYPE D’ECHANTILLON
“E” EMULSION
PROBEN VORWAHL
E für dunkle Proben
(Emulsionen)
TIPO DE MUESTRA
COLOCADA
(X)
XX
XXXXXX
SAMPLE XX.XX
SET XX.X
READING
(or message)
RESULTAT OU MESSAGE
MESSERGEBNIS
LECTURA (o mensaje)
BLANK = NORMAL
SAMPLE TEMPERATURE
SET TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE DE L’ECHANTILLON
PROBEN TEMPERATUR
TEMPERATURA DE LA MUESTRA
TEMPERATURE DE CONSIGNE
TEMPERATUR VORVAHL
COLOCAR TEMPERATURA
NOTE: emulsion scale is only available with remote control optional accessory
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
5 OPERATION
SWITCH ON - mains switch on power supply box. Sample cover must be closed.
Wait until stable - minimum 10 to 15 minutes.
Apply sample (refer to section 6).
Read result from display when sample temperature and reading are stable.
If a printer is connected, press PRINT to print result.
Remove sample / clean prism.
(F) 5 UTILISATION DE L’APPAREIL
“ON” : mise sous tension du réfractomètre. Pensez à fermer le couvercle de mesure pour permettre à
l’appareil d’effectuer correctement ses auto-tests.
Attendre au moins 10 à 15 minutes pour une stabilisation parfaite de la température de l’ensemble du
réfractomètre, même si le prisme atteint la température de consigne beaucoup plus rapidement.
Placer l’échantillon sur le prisme (voir §6).
Le résultat s’affiche à chaque nouveau balayage optique (« scan ») environ toutes les 3 secondes (8
secondes pou les modèles "X") . Il vous appartient bien sûr de vérifier que la température et le
résultat sont stables.
Si vous voulez imprimer le résultat, appuyez sur : PRINT
Retirez l’échantillon, rincez la coupelle, le presseur et le prisme avec le solvant adéquat.
(D) 5 HAUPTBEDIENELEMENTE
EIN-AUSSCHALTER an der Stromversorgung. Probenraumdeckel muß zugeklappt sein.
Wartezeit mindestens 10 bis 15 Minuten für die Temperaturstabilisierung.
Probe auf das Prisma auftragen (siehe Abschnitt 6).
Lese das Ergebnis von der Anzeige ab, wenn Temperatur und die Anzeige stabil sind.
Ist ein Drucker angeschlossen, so drücke die PRINT - Taste, um das Ergebnis auszudrucken.
Entnehme Probe und reinige das Prisma.
(E) 5 OPERACIÓN GENERAL
ENCIENDA – El interruptor principal colocado en la Caja de suministro de Energía. El cubre
muestras debe estar cerrado.
Espere hasta que este estable – mínimo 10 a 15 minutos.
Aplique la muestra ( Referirse a la sección 6 ).
Lea los resultados desde la pantalla cuando la lectura y la temperatura de la muestra son estables.
Si una impresora es conectada, presione PRINT para imprimir los resultados.
Remueva la muestra / limpie el prisma.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
6 SAMPLE HANDLING
WARNING: Before using the PTR, read Section 2, "Chemical Compatibility and
Aggressive Samples."
6.1 STANDARD HINGED SAMPLE COVER
Ensure PRISM and SAMPLE PRESSER are CLEAN.
LIQUIDS: Apply approximately 0.1ml to 0.3ml of sample to centre of prism.
Thin liquids - use a disposable plastic pipette or similar.
Thick, viscous liquids - use a plastic spatula or similar.
Close sample cover. Read sample (See Section 5 Operating Instructions).
CLEAN PRISM and SAMPLE PRESSER.
Wipe sample from prism and presser with soft, absorbent tissue. Wash prism,
sample cup and presser with a suitable solvent, water, alcohol, etc. Polish dry with
soft tissue. If the sample is difficult to clean off, try flooding the prism area with about
1 to 1.5ml of solvent, leave for a few moments then mop out solvent and polish dry.
Repeat until clean, checking that the whole prism surface is clean by looking at
reflections from the prism surface.
DO NOT LEAVE A SAMPLE ON THE PRISM AFTER MEASUREMENT.
(F) 6 MANIPULATION DES ECHANTILLONS
ATTENTION : avant toute utilisation du réfractomètre PTR, lisez attentivement le chapitre consacré à
la compatibilité chimique des échantillons et des solvants de nettoyage avec les matériaux utilisés
dans le PTR (§ 2).
(F) 6.1 COUVERCLE STANDARD A CHARNIERE
Assurez-vous d’abord que le prisme et le « presseur » sont parfaitement propres.
LIQUIDES: Déposer environ 0.1ml à 0.3ml d’échantillon sur le prisme. Si besoin, étaler l’échantillon
avec une spatule en bois ou en plastique ou l’embout d’une pipette plastique.
Basculer le couvercle sur le prisme. Lire la mesure, selon le mode de mesure choisi (continu,
discontinu, “en stabilité”), la lecture est immédiate ou différée (voir § 5).
NETTOYAGE DU PRISME ET DU PRESSEUR.
Essuyez l’échantillon sur le prisme et le presseur avec un tissu ou un papier doux et absorbant.
Nettoyer le prisme et le presseur avec le solvant adapté à l’échantillon; généralement de l’eau ou de
l’alcool ou éventuellement de l’acétone, mais vous pouvez en utiliser d’autres à condition de respecter
les recommandations du § 2 sur les compatibilités chimiques des joints. Essuyer à nouveau pour
bien sécher et recommencer l’opération si le nettoyage n’a pas été efficace.
NE LAISSEZ PAS UN ÉCHANTILLON SUR LE PRISME OU SUR LE PRESSEUR CAR, EN
SÉCHANT, IL POURRAIT SE FORMER UN FILM DIFFICILE À RETIRER OU A DISSOUDRE, CE
QUI FAUSSERAIT LES MESURES ULTERIEURES.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
(D) 6 Probenbeurteilung
WICHTIG: Bevor Sie das PTR benutzen, verweisen wir auf Abschnitt 2 "Chemische Verträglichkeit
und sehr aggressive Proben".
(D) 6.1 Klappbarer Probenraumdeckel
Es ist darauf zu achten, dass das Prisma und der Probenandrückstempel sauber ist.
FLÜSSIGE PROBEN: Hierfür benötigt man ungefähr 0,1 bis 0,3 ml Probe auf die Mitte des Prismas.
Bei dünnen Flüssigkeiten benutze man eine Einmalplastikpipette oder ähnliches.
Bei dicken viskosen Proben benutze man einen Spatel oder ähnliches.
Man schließe den Probenraumdeckel.
Lese den Wert Probe ab (Siehe Abschnitt 5, des Bedienungshandbuches).
REINIGEN DES PRISMAS UND DES ANDRUCKSTEMPELS
Man wische die Probe vom Prisma und vom Anpresstempel mit einem saugfähigen Kleenextuch ab.
Reinige das Prisma, Probenraum und Andrückstempel mit einer entsprechenden
Reinigungsflüssigkeit. (Wasser, Alkohol oder ähnliches), und wische nochmals mit einem sauberen
Kleenextuch nach. Solte die Probe sich sehr schwer entfernen lassen, so bedecke man den
Probenraum mit ca 1 bis 1.5ml Lösung und lasse diese einen Augenblick darin, wische dann die
Flüssigkeit wieder heraus und reibe das Prisma trocken. Dieser Vorgang ist zu wiederholen bis das
Prisma sauber ist und man eine gute Reflexion erkennen kann.
Nach dem Messvorgang muß die Probe wieder vom Prisma entfernt werden.
(E) 6 MANEJO DE MUESTRAS
ADVERTENCIA : Antes de usar el Refractómetro PTR, lea la sección 2, “COMPATIBILIDAD
QUIMICA Y MUESTRAS AGRESIVAS ".
(E) 6.1 DISPOSITIVO CUBRE MUESTRAS ESTÁNDAR CON BISAGRAS PARA LIQUIDOS
Asegúrese que el PRISMA y la PRENSA MUESTRAS están LIMPIOS.
LIQUIDOS: Aplique aproximadamente 0.1 ml a 0.3 ml de muestra al centro del prisma.
Líquidos delgados – use una pipeta plástica desechable o similar.
Líquidos viscosos o espesos – use una espátula plástica o similar.
Cierre el Cubre Muestras.
Lea la muestra ( Ver sección 5 Instrucciones de Operación )
LIMPIE EL PRISMA y la PRENSA MUESTRAS.
Retire la muestra del prisma y prensa muestras con un paño de papel suave y absorbente. Lave el
prisma, copa de Muestra y Prensa muestras con un solvente apropiado agua, alcohol, etc.
Perfeccione el secado con un paño de papel suave. Si la muestra es difícil para limpiar, trate
inundando el área del prisma con cerca de 1 a 1.5 ml de solvente, deje por unos pocos momentos
luego retira el solvente y sécalo. Repita esta operación hasta que el prisma esté completamente
limpio, chequee que toda la superficie del prisma esté limpia por medio de la observación de las
reflexiones desde la superficie del prisma.
NO DEJE UNA MUESTRA SOBRE LA SUPERFICIE DEL PRISMA DESPUES DE LA MEDICION.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
6.2 SOLID SAMPLES
Solid samples must be specially prepared with an optically flat surface between 3
and 11 mm diameter (not necessarily round). Use a contact fluid with RI greater
than the sample RI.
A non-contacting sample cover is available from Index Instruments for use when
measuring solid samples.
Flexible plastics or rubbers can sometimes be pressed onto the prism without using
a contact fluid.
Contact Index Instruments for advice.
(F) 6.2 ECHANTILLONS SOLIDES
Les échantillons solides doivent recevoir une préparation spéciale avant de pouvoir être mesurés car
il faut qu’ils aient une face parfaitement plane pour un contact optimal avec la surface du prisme.
Cette surface doit avoir une surface plane d’environ 3 à 11 mm de « diamètre » (bien qu’elle n’ait
pas absolument besoin d’être ronde).
Il faut en outre assurer un contact avec un liquide dit «liquide de contact » dont l’indice doit être
supérieur à l’indice de l’échantillon (on utilise souvent du monobromonaphtalène d’indice élevé, mais
d’odeur … désagréable).
Les solides souples (caoutchoucs, matières plastiques, lentilles de contact etc…) peuvent parfois être
mesurés sans avoir besoin de liquide de contact.
Index Instruments commercialise un couvercle spécial pour la mesure des solides.
Si vous devez mesurer des échantillons solides, nous vous conseillons de nous contacter pour
recevoir nos conseils appropriés.
(D) 6.2 FESTE PROBEN
Feste Proben müssen zum Messen mit einer optisch flachen Oberfläche und einem Durchmesser von
3 bis 11 mm vorbereitet werden. Die Oberfläche muß nicht unbedingt rund sein. Es ist eine
Kontaktflüssigkeit mit einem größeren RI als das der Probe zu verwenden.
Für die Messung von festen Proben gibt es von Index Instruments einen extra Probenraumdeckel.
Flexible Plastikteile oder Gummi kann man einfach auf das Prisma drücken, ohne eine
Kontaktflüssigkeit zu verwenden.
Sie können jederzeit Index Instruments oder dessen Vertreter um Rat kontaktieren.
(E) 6.2 MUESTRAS SOLIDAS
Las muestras sólidas deben ser especialmente preparadas con una superficie ópticamente plana con
un diámetro entre 3 y 11 mm ( no necesariamente redondas ). Use un fluido de contacto con un
Indice de Refracción mas grande que el Indice de Refracción de la muestras.
Una cubierta par muestras sin contacto es disponible desde Index Instruments Ltd para usar cuando
muestras sólidas van a ser medidas.
Plásticos flexibles o cauchos pueden algunas veces ser presionados sobre el prisma sin usar un
fluido de contacto.
Contacte a Index Instruments Ltd para asesoría.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
6.3 SAMPLING WITH FUNNEL CELL
Check that the waste pipe has an uninterrupted run to a waste container at or below
bench height.
Pour approximately 50ml of sample through the funnel. To improve flushing, pour in
half of the sample, pause, then pour in remainder.
Read sample (See Section 5 Operating Instructions).
Provided the solvent is the same, pour in the next sample and continue until you
have measured the batch of samples.
Pour approximately 250ml of solvent through the funnel to clean the cell.
DO NOT LEAVE SAMPLES OR AGGRESSIVE SOLVENTS IN THE CELL.
Occasionally lift the funnel cell and thoroughly clean the cell and prism surface.
(F) 6.3 UTILISATION D’UNE CELLULE A ENTONNOIR
Contrôler d’abord que le tube d’évacuation est bien libre et plonge dans un évier ou dans une
bouteille de capacité suffisante pour recevoir les effluents des mesures (échantillons et solvants).
Bien évidemment, l’écoulement de ce tube d’évacuation doit être à un niveau inférieur au
réfractomètre.
Verser environ 50ml de produit dans l’entonnoir en deux fois 25ml environ.
Lire le résultat (voir § 5).
Si les échantillons sont de même nature, vous pouvez éviter de rincer à l’eau entre chaque mesure : il
vous suffit de rincer l’entonnoir et le circuit de mesure avec 2x20 ml de l’échantillon (N) de façon à
bien purger toute trace d’échantillon (N-1) que vous venez de mesurer.
Ensuite, quand vous avez terminé toute la série de mesures, verser en plusieurs fois 150ml à 250ml
de solvant puis contrôlez éventuellement la propreté du système en effectuant une mesure sur l’eau.
NE LAISSEZ PAS D’ÉCHANTILLON DANS LA CELLULE A ENTONNOIR CAR, EN SÉCHANT, IL POURRAIT SE FORMER
UN FILM DIFFICILE À RETIRER OU A DISSOUDRE, CE QUI FAUSSERAIT LES MESURES ULTERIEURES.
Nous vous conseillons aussi d’enlever la cellule à entonnoir de temps à autre et de nettoyer la
surface du prisme.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
(D) 6.3 Die Messung mit Hilfe eine Trichterzelle
Überprüfe dass die Abflussröhre der Trichterzelle eien Schlauch zu einem Sammelbehälter in
Tischhöhe oder darunter hat.
Schütte ungefähr 50ml Probe in den Trichter. Um einen einwandfreien Durchfluß zu haben, gieße
man nur die Hälfte in den Trichter. Um einen einwandfreien Durchfluß zu haben, gieße man nur die
Hälfte in den Trichter und dann nach einer kleinen Pause den Rest.
Lese dann den Wert der Probe ab. (Siehe Abschnitt 5 des Bedienungshandbuches)
Vorrausgesetzt die Flüssigkeit ist die selbe, so gieße man die nexte Probe ein und fahre so fort, bis
man alle Proben gemessen hat.
Gieße anschließend 250ml Lösung durch den Trichter, um das Prisma zu reinigen.
ES IST DARAUF ZU ACHTEN, DASS KEINE PROBEN ODER AGGRESSIVE MEDIEN FÜR
LÄNGERE ZEIT IN DER ZELLE STEHEN DÜRFEN.
Gelegentlich ist die Trichterzelle anzuheben, um die prismenoberfläche und die Zelle zu reinigen.
(E) 6.3 MUESTRAS CON CELDA DE EMBUDO
Chequee que la tubería de descartar o botar las muestras tenga una ininterrumpida salida a un
recipiente para los desechos a / o más debajo de la altura de la mesa de trabajo.
Vierta aproximadamente 50 ml de muestra a través del embudo. Para mejorar el lavado con la
muestra, vierta la mitad de la muestra, haga una pausa, luego vierta el remanente.
Lea la muestra ( Ver sección 5 Instrucciones de Operación)
Si el solvente es la misma muestra, vierta la siguiente muestra y continue hasta que usted ha medido
la tanda de muestras.
Vierta aproximadamente 250 ml de solvente a través del embudo para limpiar la celda.
NO DEJE MUESTRAS O SOLVENTES AGRESIVOS EN LA CELDA:
Ocasionalmente levante la celda de embudo y limpie meticulosamente la celda y la superficie del
prisma.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
6.4 SAMPLING WITH FLOW / INJECTION CELL
Method is similar to funnel cell (Section 6.3).
INJECTION
Inject approximately 1.5 to 2ml of sample using a syringe with standard luer taper.
FLOW
A peristaltic pump is suitable to draw sample through the cell. Pump minimum
volume possible to flush cell but maintain stable temperature. Alternatively can be
included in an automatic sampling system.
FLOW CELL
PUMP
PTR
SAMPLE
WASTE
(F) 6.4 MESURE AVEC UNE CELLULE A FLUX CONTINU
La méthodologie est semblable à celle des mesures avec la cellule à entonnoir (voir § 6.3).
INJECTION A LA SERINGUE
Injecter environ 1.5 à 2ml d’échantillon avec une seringue à embout standardisé LUER.
FLUX CONTINU
L’échantillon est introduit généralement avec une pompe péristaltique, soit autonome soit incorporée
à un passeur d’échantillons.
Pensez à tenir compte du fait que le flux continu réel empêche le maintien de l’équilibre thermique et
qu’il faut donc adapter le débit continu pour qu’il soit assez faible afin de maintenir cet équilibre
thermique au niveau souhaitable.
Débit Cellule
Pompe
PTR
Echantillon
Egout
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
(D) 6.4 Die Messung mit einer Durchfluß - oder Injektionszelle
Die Messemethode ist ähnlich, wie bei der Trichterzelle (siehe Abschnitt 6.3).
INJEKTION
Injiziere ungefähr 1,5 bis 2ml Probe mit Hilfe einer Spritze mit Lueranschluß.
DURCHFLUSS
Mit Hilfe einer Schlauchpumpe kann man die Probe durch die Zelle pumpen. Anschließend ist mit
dem geringst möglichen Volumen die Zelle zu spülen, um eine gleichmäßige Temperatur zu
erreichen.
Alternativ kann die Schlauchpumpe auch in ein automatisches Probenentnahmesystem integriert
werden.
DURCHFLUβZELLE
PUMPE
PTR
PROBE
ABFALL
(E) 6.4 MUESTRAS CON CELDA DE FLUJO / INYECCIÓN
El método es similar al de la celda de embudo ( Ver sección 6.3)
INYECCION
Inyecte aproximadamente 1.5 a 2 ml de muestra usando una jeringa con orificio de salida estándar.
FLUJO
Una bomba peristáltica es apropiada para aspirar la muestra a través de la celda. Bombee el mínimo
volumen posible para lavar con la muestra la celda pero mantenga estable la temperatura.
Alternativamente puede ser incluido un sistema de muestreo automático.
CELDA DE FLUJO
BOMBA
PTR
MUESTRA
DESECHO
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
7 WATER REFERENCE POINT (ZERO CHECKING AND SETTING)
Ensure prism and presser are clean.
Apply a pure water sample (refer to section 6) and wait for sample to stabilise at
instrument temperature.
Read sample in normal way (refer to section 5).
Is value for water correct? (Refer to Appendix 2.)
If the reading is correct within the instrument's accuracy simply proceed to measure
your samples.
If the reading requires adjustment press ZERO
.
If a printer is connected, the message "Instrument zeroed" is automatically printed.
DO NOT PRESS THE ZERO KEY UNLESS THE SAMPLE IS PURE WATER.
(F) 7 MESURE DE REFERENCE AVEC DE L’EAU (Contrôle et reset du ZERO)
Vérifiez que le prisme et le presseur sont propres.
Mettre de l’eau sur le prisme (voir §6) et attendre l’équilibre thermique de l’appareil.
Lire le résultat et contrôler que ce résultat est exact en fonction de la température (voir Annexe 2).
Deux cas peuvent se présenter :
OUI la valeur est exacte : votre appareil est parfaitement ajusté et vous pouvez effectuer les
mesures sur vos échantillons
NON la valeur n’est pas exacte : il est préférable de ré-ajuster la programmation de l’appareil.
Pour cela appuyez sur ZERO
.
Lors de cette procédure, si une imprimante est reliée au PTR, l’impression “Instrument zeroed" sera
automatiquement imprimée.
NE LANCEZ PAS LA PROCEDURE DE <ZERO> SI VOUS N’AVEZ PAS MIS DE L’EAU SUR LE
PRISME !!!
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
(D) 7 WASSERWERT (Nullpunktüberprüfung und Einstellung)
Man überprüfe, dass das Prisma und der Andruckstempel sauber ist.
Gebe eine Probe mit reinem Wasser auf das Prisma (siehe Abschnitt 6) und warte bis sich die Probe
bei Gerätetemperatur stabilisiert hat.
Lese den Wert der Probe ab. (siehe Abschnitt 5).
Ist der Wasserwert korrekt? (siehe Anhang 2).
Ist das Messergebnis innerhalt der für das Gerät vorgegebenen Genauigkeit in Ordnung, so kann
man mit der Messung der Proben beginnen.
Solte der angezeigte Wasserwer von der Tabelle abweichen, so drücke man die ZERO Nullabgleichtaste.
Sollte ein Drucker angeschlossen sein, so wird automatisch die Meldung "Instrument zeroed"
ausgedruckt.
DER NULLABGLEICHKNOPF DARF NUR DANN GEDRÜCKT WERDEN, WENN DIE PROBE
REINES WASSER IST.
(E) 7 AGUA - PUNTO DE REFERENCIA ( CHEQUEO DEL CERO Y AJUSTE )
Asegúrese que el prisma y prensa muestra estén limpios.
Aplique una muestra de agua pura ( referirse a la sección 6 ) y espere a que la muestra se estabilice
a la temperatura del instrumento.
Lea la muestra en forma normal ( referirse a la sección 5 ).
Es el valor correcto para el agua ? ( referirse al Apéndice 2 )
Si la lectura es correcta dentro de la precisión del instrumento simplemente proceda a medir sus
muestras.
Si la lectura requiere ajustes presiones ZERO.
Si una impresora esta conectada, el mensaje “ Instrument Zeroed “ es automáticamente impreso.
NO PRESIONE EL BOTON
ZERO A MENOS QUE LA MUESTRA SEA AGUA PURA.
(ASEGÚRESE QUE LA MUESTRA SEA AGUA PURA ANTES DE PRESIONAR EL BOTON ZERO).
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
8 ADVICE ON TEMPERATURE CONTROL
The temperature of the PTR 2a or 2a X is electronically controlled to the factory preset
temperature by means of an internal Peltier cell which heats or cools the prism and sample
cup as required. The prism and sample cup are insulated from the stainless steel top plate
of the instrument and an insulating sample cover is provided. The Peltier temperature
control system on the PTR refractometer is capable of maintaining a temperature stability of
±0.015°C. To achieve optimum performance the following precautions should be noted.
Leave the sample cover closed even when not in use to improve temperature maintenance.
To ensure proper cooling, the PTR should be located so that the heat sink at the rear of the
instrument can conduct and radiate heat away from the instrument. It should therefore NOT
be situated near a radiator, in direct sunlight or near other heat sources and should NOT be
positioned such that the natural circulation of air around the heat sink is obstructed. Do not
place the PTR's own power supply too close to the instrument.
If the temperature of the surroundings is more than about 10°C above the required
temperature, it will be necessary to provide additional cooling assistance by means of
flowing water. For this you require the water jacket available as an optional accessory from
Index Instruments Ltd. (part number 82-045). Refer to Figure 8.1 for the location of the
water jacket and water connection details. This cooling water need not be at a controlled
temperature and quite a low flow rate will provide the additional cooling necessary. For
example, flowing water at about 25°C at less than 1 litre per minute is sufficient to reduce
the sample temperature to 20°C or below from a room temperature of 35°C. Note that it is
undesirable to keep the prism at a very low temperature when the ambient conditions are
hot and humid. As the prism is open to the atmosphere, condensation will prevent sensible
readings being made. In these conditions, control the prism at a higher temperature and
correct the sample readings mathematically.
If water is difficult to provide, an additional STEADY air flow from a fan across the heat sink
will assist. (To ensure stable conditions, do NOT site the PTR in the direct draught of a
FLUCTUATING air flow such as an air conditioner.)
Similarly a flow of warm water will assist in heating the PTR if the required sample
temperature is more than 20°C above ambient temperature.
HEAT SINK
Figure 8.1
CONNECTIONS
FOR WATER
ASSISTED
COOLING
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
9 OUTPUT / INPUT
9.1 CONNECTING A PRINTER
A suitable printer complete with cable ready to plug into the PTR may be purchased
from Index Instruments Ltd.
Otherwise use any standard RS232 printer, width 24 columns or more, with
preferably at least an 8K buffer.
Connect the printer to the 25 way D "Printer" port (centre connector) on the rear of
the PTR. The pin connections are to normal RS232 standards:
Pin 2 TX (data output from PTR)
Pin 3 RX (data input to PTR)
Pin 7 0 volts (ground)
DO NOT CONNECT TO ANY OTHER PINS
For a printer with a standard 25 way D RS232 connector the cable should be wired
as follows:
pin 2 to pin 3
pin 3 to pin 2
pin 7 to pin 7
The printer must be set for RS232 parameters as follows:Baud rate
Length
Parity
Stop bits
9600
8
None
2
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
9.2 REMOTE PORT
The remote port (9-way D) can be used for the following:a) input of a simple contact closure to remotely operate the PTR.
b) input of bar code reader data.
a) This contact closure mimics the action of the PRINT key. Short pins 6 and 8 for
approximately 0.1 seconds.
b) Bar code scanners are available from Index Instruments Ltd. (See below)
Summary of Remote Port Pin Connections
PIN
FUNCTION
6
Remote print
7
0 v (ground)
8
Remote print
DO NOT USE ANY OTHER PINS
9.3 BAR CODE READER
A hand held laser bar code scanner is available from Index Instruments which plugs
directly into the 9 way D "remote" socket on the rear of the PTR.
(Alternatively, if you wish to use a different type of bar code scanner, you must select
an RS232 type bar code reader, preferably with a 9 way D connector, but a scanner
with a 25 way D plug can be connected to the "printer" RS232 port of the PTR using
a 2 way adapter available from Index Instruments.)
Scanning a bar code causes a print out frrom the PTR with the bar code data
preceding the usual print-out (see Appendix 6).
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
9.4 AUXILIARY PORT
The auxiliary port is used for communication with a computer. It is also used to
connect other auxiliary equipment.
The pin connections and cable requirements are the same as for the "printer" RS232
port (refer to section 4.1). The computer must be set for RS232 parameters as
follows:Baud rate
Length
Parity
Stop bits
9600
8
None
2
Alternatively, if you have the remote control optional accessory, you can change the
RS 232 input parameters of the PTR 2a or PTR 2a X to match the auxiliary
equipment.
Software for collecting readings from or sending instructions to the PTR requires the
following commands:
NOTE: All commands should consist of two bytes of data. The first byte should
always be ESC (1BH). The second byte may be any letter in the table below. Any
other letter will cause a response of '?' followed by carriage return (CR). Any other
sequence will be ignored.
ESC R or r
ESC B or b
ESC C or c
ESC D or d
ESC P or p
ESC T or t
ESC X or x
Return RI data
Return Brix data
Return corrected Brix data
Return displayed scale data
Mimics PRINT key - returns P
Data is output via RS232 printer port
Returns sample temperature
Same data that would have been output by "print" is returned
via RS232 auxiliary port. Each data string is terminated CRLF;
the last data string is terminated CRLFLF
All data returned is terminated with a single Carriage Return character (1BH).
Returns 'E' CR if unable to read sample.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
10 FITTING / CHANGING SAMPLE CELLS
Optional accessories which may be purchased for the PTR refractometer include
funnel, flow or injection cells. These may be fitted by the user, however it is very
important to ensure that any new cell fitted lines up centrally over the prism of the
PTR and sits down flat to ensure both correct screening from stray ambient light and
a firm seal on the O-ring of funnel, flow or injection cells.
Details of how to fit and adjust any particular type of cell will be supplied along with
the cell at time of purchase.
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
11 Remote Control Unit (Optional Accessory)
The standard PTR 2a or PTR 2a X models of refractometers are fixed scale
instruments which are factory set to operate at a fixed temperature. If you purchase
the remote control optional accessory, this allows the user access to other scales
and other functions as detailed below. Further instructions for programming using
the remote controller are given in Appendix 9.
ENTER key enters and stores
changes (QUIT key exits any
function without making a
change)
Numeric, minus and decimal
point keys are used to enter
numeric data
Use CONTRAST
keys to optimise
readability by
adjusting contrast
of liquid crystal
display panel
Use scroll arrow keys to
move up or down, backwards
and forwards when entering
data in setup or calibrate
Press CALIB. to enter
"calibrate" mode - protected
by security code
SETUP KEYS (Use ENTER key
to store change; use QUIT key to
exit without making a change)
Press TIME to set time and date
Press TEMP to set temperature
you want for sample
Press PORT to set printout and
RS232 output parameters
SCALE SELECTION KEYS
Press RI to select refractive index
(and again for temperature corrected
refractive index if set)
Press BRIX to select Brix (% sucrose)
Press BRIX again to select
temperature corrected Brix scale (this
is a mathematical correction to 20°C
for use when the sample temperature
is set to other than 20°C)
27
Press PRINT to choose what to
print or to select autoprint
Press DELAY to select operating
mode (continuous or single
scan/stability mode), to set delay
time, stabilisation parameters or
autoprint time, to select sample
type (Normal or Emulsion) or to
display archived data
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
SECURITY ACCESS CODES
for use with REMOTE CONTROL Optional Accessory
Lockout code
(required to unlock remote control)
1901
To access the following features, press CALIB and then type in the appropriate code.
Set parameters for temperature
corrected RI scale
3245
Select averaging/readout time
2468
(F = fast/no averaging, M = medium speed/averaging, S = slow/maximum averaging)
Select display resolution - RI/Brix
4545
Select display resolution for
thermometer
(0.1 or 0.01°C)
1212
Optimise thermometers
9323
(Use only if sample temperature does not reach set temperature after 1 hour)
Remove thermometer optimization
0932
Calibrate sample temperature
thermometer
1001
(Use only if external temperature measurement of prism temperature with, for
example an accurate thermocouple thermometer probe, indicates prism not at
temperature indicated by PTR)
Clear zero offset
0000
(Removes any zero adjustment made by the user and returns to factory set zero)
Erase archived data
9070
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
APPENDIX 1
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
PTR 2a
SCALES
RANGE
READABILITY
ACCURACY
WAVELENGTH
READOUT TIME
TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
TEMPERATURE
STABILITY
TEMPERATURE
ACCURACY
SAMPLE TEMPERATURE
WORKING AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Single scale: Refractive Index (RI) OR Brix OR
Temperature corrected Brix depending on model selected
OR all three scales with remote control
RI 1.32 to 1.68, Brix 0 to 100%
0.0001 RI, 0.1 Brix
+/-0.0001 RI, +/-0.1 Brix
Sodium yellow 589nm
Approximately 2 seconds, continuous update
Internal electronic control by Peltier cell
+/-0.015oC
+/-0.1oC, thermometer resolution +/-0.1oC
Preset to customer specification between 15°C and 50°C
Or from 15°C to 50°C with remote control
10oC to 35oC PTR will control without assistance 10oC
below ambient to 20oC above ambient
Available as an option for control assistance by flowing
water (need not be temperature controlled)
2 key membrane, PRINT, ZERO
Back lit liquid crystal display
LED
Synthetic Sapphire
2 x RS232, 1 x remote
Scale, reading, temperature, Bar Code
TEMPERATURE
CONTROL ASSISTANCE
CONTROLS
DISPLAY
LIGHT SOURCE
PRISM MATERIAL
OUTPUTS / INPUTS
DATA OUTPUT
AVAILABLE
POWER REQUIREMENTS 86 to 265 v ac, 47 to 63 Hz, less than 30 watts
DIMENSIONS:
Refractometer: w 258 x d 290 x h 160 mm
Power Supply: w 80 x d 180 x h 60 mm
WEIGHT
Refractometer: 5.7kg
Power Supply: 0.8kg
PACKED WEIGHT
Approximately 10kg
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
PTR 2a X
SCALES
RANGE
READABILITY
ACCURACY
WAVELENGTH
READOUT TIME
TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
TEMPERATURE
STABILITY
TEMPERATURE
ACCURACY
SAMPLE TEMPERATURE
WORKING AMBIENT
TEMPERATURE RANGE
Single scale: Refractive Index (RI) OR Brix OR
Temperature corrected Brix depending on model selected
OR all three scales with remote control
RI 1.32 to 1.68, Brix 0 to 100%
0.00001 RI, 0.01 Brix
+/-0.00005 RI, 1.32 - 1.45 RI +/-0.05 Brix, 0 - 65 Brix
+/-0.0001 RI, 1.45 - 1.68 RI +/-0.1 Brix, 65 - 100 Brix
Sodium yellow 589nm
Approximately 3 seconds, continuous update
Internal electronic control by Peltier cell
+/-0.015oC
+/-0.05oC at 20oC, thermometer resolution 0.01oC
Preset to customer specification between 15°C and 50°C
Or from 15°C to 50°C with remote control
10oC to 35oC PTR will control without assistance 10oC
below ambient to 20oC above ambient
Available as an option for control assistance by flowing
water (need not be temperature controlled)
2 key membrane, PRINT, ZERO
Back lit liquid crystal display with contrast control
LED
Synthetic Sapphire
2 x RS232, 1 x remote
Scale, reading, temperature, Bar Code
TEMPERATURE
CONTROL ASSISTANCE
CONTROLS
DISPLAY
LIGHT SOURCE
PRISM MATERIAL
OUTPUTS / INPUTS
DATA OUTPUT
AVAILABLE
POWER REQUIREMENTS 86 to 265 v ac, 47 to 63 Hz, less than 30 watts
DIMENSIONS:
Refractometer: w 258 x d 290 x h 160 mm
Power Supply: w 80 x d 180 x h 60 mm
WEIGHT
Refractometer: 5.7kg
Power Supply: 0.8kg
PACKED WEIGHT
Approximately 10kg
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
APPENDIX 2
RI WATER v TEMPERATURE
(F) ANNEXE 2 TABLE D'INDICE DE REFRACTION DE L'EAU
EN FONCTION DE LA TEMPERATURE
(D) ANHANG 2 RI von Wasser in Abhängkeit von der Temperatur
(E) APENDICE 2 INDICE DE REFRACCION DEL AGUA PURA COMO UNA FUNCION DE LA
TEMPERATURA
Temp
(oC)
RI
(4 place)
RI
(5 place)
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
1.3335
1.3333
1.3332
1.3330
1.3328
1.3326
1.3324
1.3322
1.3319
1.3316
1.3314
1.3311
1.3308
1.3305
1.3302
1.3299
1.3296
1.3293
1.3289
1.33348
1.33333
1.33317
1.33299
1.33281
1.33262
1.33241
1.33219
1.33192
1.33164
1.33136
1.33107
1.33079
1.33051
1.33023
1.32992
1.32959
1.32927
1.32894
th
31
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
APPENDIX 3
Instructions for the use of solid standard test pieces on the
PTR range of refractometers
Test pieces manufactured from glass, crystals and plastics can be successfully measured on
the PTR range of automatic refractometers. Solid samples should be 9 to 11 mm in
diameter, 4 to 6 mm thick and polished on one face to two fringes or better. Index
Instruments can supply test pieces of this type and we will be pleased to quote for your
requirements.
To check the calibration of the instrument using a test piece, proceed as follows:
1. Carefully zero the refractometer using pure water according to the instructions given in
the operator’s handbook.
2. Remove all traces of water and clean the prism face thoroughly with industrial alcohol
(methylated spirits) and/or acetone using a soft lint-free cloth or small piece of chamois
leather. Clean the polished face of the test piece in a similar way. It is essential that
both the prism and the test piece are absolutely clean with no trace of dust. A single
speck of dust will prevent an accurate reading. If necessary dust both the face of the
prism and the test piece with a clean soft lens brush.
3. There are two alternative ways to apply the test piece:
a) Carefully place the clean dry test piece in the centre of the prism. When the test
piece is correctly applied, you will see one or two coloured fringes when viewing the test
piece (through its rear face) from a slightly oblique angle. If the test piece does not go
down into colour contact first time, do not be tempted to slide it around as this could
damage the test piece; simply remove the test piece, clean both faces as previously
described and try again. Then apply a small drop (approx. 1mm) of contact fluid NOTE 1 to
the bottom edge of the test piece using a suitable dropper NOTE 2; the fluid should flow
under the test piece, spreading to completely fill the gap between prism and test piece.
b) Alternatively, place a drop (about 1mm) of contact fluid NOTE 1 on the centre of the
prism and then carefully place the test piece over the contact fluid in the centrally on the
prism. The fluid should spread out in a very thin layer to just fill the gap between prism
and test piece. If too much contact fluid is used, the test piece will tend to “float” and
give inaccurate readings; if too little fluid is used, the gap will not be completely filled.
4. Exclude light from the prism/test piece by using the non-contacting cover suitable for the
refractometer. If a non-contacting cover is not available, a clean black screw cap from
an ordinary laboratory chemical jar is a suitable alternative.
5. Check that you have a stable reading on the refractometer and note the displayed value
as you would do for any liquid sample. If it is found that the instrument gives a value
which is different from the expected value for the test piece, thoroughly clean and
remount the test piece several times (3 or 5 times) to obtain a good average value.
6. REMOVAL of the TEST PIECE: The test piece can be difficult to remove, especially if it
was in very good contact with the prism surface. DO NOT attempt to prise it off; this can
cause damage to both test piece and prism. Instead flood the prism with industrial
alcohol (methylated spirits) and, in a short time, you will find that the test piece can be
lifted off easily. Always thoroughly clean both the test piece and the prism before
attempting to measure any further samples.
NOTE 1 CONTACT FLUIDS: The contact fluid must have a refractive index higher than that of the test piece
being measured. Suitable contact fluids are 1-bromonaphthelene, suitable for test pieces up to about 1.6 RI, or
di-iodomethane for test pieces up to 1.7 RI. These two fluids are both classified as not dangerous according to
EC Directives but are labelled as Harmful/Irritant and therefore must be handled with care and used only in a well
ventilated area. Both contact fluids mentioned above can be obtained from a normal laboratory chemical supplier
and are not available from Index Instruments Ltd. An alternative, non-hazardous contact fluid is clove oil,
suitable for silica and other test pieces up to about 1.51 RI.
NOTE 2 DROPPER: A suitable small plastic applicator is supplied with Index Instruments test pieces.
Alternative applicators include, for example, the end of a straightened paper clip. If you use a metal applicator,
be careful not to scratch or damage the test piece.
32
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
APPENDIX 4
REFRACTOMETER REFERENCE STANDARDS
A variety of reference standards for checking refractometer calibration are available,
ranging from liquid standards with values traceable to internationally recognised
certification bodies to solid test pieces of pure crystalline material of well researched
and published refractive index. Secondary standards are also available for routine
use.
When purchasing refractometer reference standards, always ask what is the
accuracy of the certified value and check that this is satisfactory for your purpose.
Typical accuracies vary from 0.0002 RI to 0.00005 RI for liquid standards. Data on
solid crystalline standards is available to the 5th decimal place of RI.
Refractometer reference standards may be purchased from Index Instruments Ltd.
Contact Index Instruments or your local agent for full details of standards currently
available.
SOLID TEST PIECES
Of the substances listed below, we recommend silica. This is a tough, well
researched, reasonably priced material, readily obtainable in optical quality. Lithium
and calcium fluoride are expensive materials and are difficult to obtain in optical
quality. They are also soft, leading to rapid surface erosion and are easily broken
along the crystal cleavage planes. They are however available if you require a
standard with a lower RI than silica.
Crystalline substances of known RI at 589.3nm, 20°C:
Lithium fluoride
1.39207
Calcium fluoride
1.43385
Silica
1.45840
(Reference: Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants, Kaye & Laby, 16th edition
1995, Longman)
Average accuracy when used with PTR:
+/-0.0001 taking all precautions listed in Appendix 3.
SECONDARY SOLID STANDARDS
Glass test pieces can be made for RI's between about 1.50 and 1.68.
LIQUID STANDARDS
Liquid standards with traceable values are available from Index Instruments at
intervals over the whole range of the PTR refractometer, choice of accuracy +/0.0002 to 0.00005.
SECONDARY LIQUID STANDARDS
Make up as required from pure sucrose and pure water to cover RI range from water
(1.3330) up to 1.5.
33
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
APPENDIX 5
MARGINAL SUBSTANCES
The PTR is a modern, technically advanced instrument. It has made possible the
measurement of substances that it was not possible to measure in the past either
with visual or automatic refractometers . Usually these difficult substances reflect
and scatter light which substantially degrades the demarcation between light and
dark (the borderline).
Because we apply reasonable criteria to the specification of all our instruments,
program controls are inserted at various points. For example, a degraded borderline
will only be allowed to deteriorate to some finite level before the instrument
recognises that SENSIBLE accurate measurement is no longer possible; it then
indicates unable to read sample.
It will be realised that if you try to measure a sample that degrades the borderline to
a level which almost causes the control to operate "no reading", then even stirring
the sample or opening and closing the cover could be enough to cause the sample
to read or not read, just depending on the amount of scattered light at any particular
moment. Indeed the control levels inserted in the program turn out to be far more
reliable than the human eye and make the use of a visual back-up unnecessary.
Program control levels are not normally set on an individual instrument but are
determined statistically over a whole batch. This could easily mean that with an
average production spread, coupled to a marginal sample, individual instruments
may differ on exact rejection levels. It does not mean that there is anything wrong
with the instrument - far from it - it means that the control is doing exactly what it was
designed to do.
Control levels can often be set in the factory on an individual instrument to suit a
particular range of samples being measured and usually without any loss of
accuracy or stability. To carry out this work (for which we make a nominal charge)
Index Instruments needs a small quantity of your sample for test purposes.
34
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
APPENDIX 6
SAMPLES OF TYPICAL PRINT OUT FROM THE PTR REFRACTOMETER
a) PTR 2, using Refractive Index scale.
RI
1.3416 @
25.0 C
b) PTR 2 X, using Brix scale.
Brix
12.21 @
20.0 C
c) PTR 2, Bar code scanner in use, using temperature corrected Brix scale.
F3674528976541
Brix
3.2
Corrected to 20 C
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PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
APPENDIX 7 ERROR MESSAGES
NO READING
ERROR
No sample on prism
or
Sample cannot be read, possible reasons:
bubbles in sample
particles in sample which scatter too much light
Result cannot be displayed e.g.
Brix scale, result outside Brix range 0 to 100%
Temperature corrected Brix scale, temperature outside
correction range 15 to 40°C (see Appendix 8)
36
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
APPENDIX 8 BRIX SCALE
A refractometer basically measures the refractive index (RI) of light in a sample.
Refractive index is a measure of how much a light beam is bent when passing from
air into a denser material and is proportional to the speed of light in the material.
The refractive index of a solution varies with the concentration of dissolved solids
and is very closely related to (although not the same as) the density of the solution.
In the sugar industry the refractometer scale commonly used is called the "BRIX"
scale (or "degrees Brix"). The term "Brix" comes from the "Brix Hydrometer" or
"Spindle" which was the original instrument used to measure the density of sugar
solutions. The "Brix" hydrometer was a standard hydrometer for measuring density
but had a scale reading directly in g/100g of sucrose, these scale divisions being
called "degrees Brix". The term "Brix" has been carried through to refractometers
whose scales are also calibrated in g/100g of sucrose.
Thus BRIX means: per cent by weight of sucrose
i.e. grams of pure sucrose per 100 grams of pure
sucrose solution in pure water.
A great deal of work has been done over many years by the International
Commission for Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis (I.C.U.M.S.A.) in relating Brix to
refractive index (RI) as a function of sucrose concentration, temperature and
wavelength of light. In 1974 I.C.U.M.S.A. published a definitive recommendation
relating Brix to RI and, for practical purposes, publish tables based on this work.
References: I.C.U.M.S.A. Proceedings, 16th Session 1974 and 17th Session 1978.
I.C.U.M.S.A. Methods, Specifications and Standards 1994, including subsequent
revisions.
The BRIX scale programmed into all Index Instruments refractometers is based on
these I.C.U.M.S.A. recommendations.
If your refractometer has a TEMPERATURE CORRECTED BRIX SCALE this gives
the reading that would have been obtained at 20°C for readings where the actual
sample temperature is between 15°C and 40°C. The correction applied is that
officially recommended by I.C.U.M.S.A. whose tables cover the temperature range
15°C to 40°C.
As refractometers have been calibrated in Brix for many years, other industries
besides the sugar industry have, for convenience, also used the Brix scale, but
remember that the Brix scale is only strictly accurate for sucrose solutions in water.
In particular, the temperature correction is for sucrose in water. It may give a
reasonable approximation for samples other than sucrose, but, for greatest
accuracy, you are advised to calculate your own temperature correction when not
measuring sucrose.
37
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
taken to stabilise at the new temperature will
depend on the temperature difference. A small
change will stabilise in a few minutes, but a
large change may take up to 20 or 30 minutes to
fully stabilise.
Appendix 9 FURTHER INFORMATION ON
PROGRAMMABLE FUNCTIONS
The remote control unit is required to program
the PTR 2a or 2aX models
CONTENTS
Section Title
A9.1 Lock/unlock
A9.2 SETUP keys
A9.2.1 Set clock (Time and Date)
A9.2.2 Set temperature
A9.2.3 Serial port parameters
A9.2.4 Set Print Options
A9.2.5 Select mode
A9.2.6 Set parameters
A9.2.7 Set sample type
A9.3 Calibrate (CALIB key)
A9.3.1 Temperature Corrected RI
Scale
A9.3.2 Select averaging/readout
time
A9.3.3 Select display resolution
A9.3.4 Calibrate thermometer
The PTR refractometer is factory calibrated to
optimise the temperature control in normal
ambient conditions. If, after waiting for a
sufficiently long time for the PTR to fully
stabilise, the "sample temperature" never
reaches exactly the "set temperature" it may be
necessary to make an adjustment. Any required
adjustment is likely to very small and the
instrument is programmed to reject an
adjustment greater than 0.5°C. To carry out this
automatic optimisation on the PTR, press the
CALIB key and type in Security Code for
"Optimise thermometers" (Section 11). If you
want to remove this adjustment, for example if
the setting had been made before the instrument
was fully stabilised, use the Security Code for
"Remove thermometer optimisation."
If for any reason you think that the actual sample
temperature setting is not accurate you may
recalibrate the thermometer as described in
section A9.3.4.
A9.1 LOCK / UNLOCK
To prevent accidental or unauthorised changes
to the PTR settings, the remote controller can be
“locked”. When you press the LOCK key you
are asked for an access code (refer to Section
11). This is the same code you require to unlock
the remote controller when you press the
UNLOCK key.
A9.2.3 SERIAL PORT PARAMETERS
Press the PORT key. This allows you to check
or set the parameters for the printer, auxiliary
and remote serial RS232 output ports. Type the
number of the port you want to check or change.
You can also set the number of printer line feeds
after each reading when you select the
PRINTER port.
A9.2 SETUP KEYS
A9.2.1 SET CLOCK (TIME AND DATE)
Press the TIME key. The time must be entered
in the format xx.xx.xx (hours, minutes,
seconds) using the 24 hour clock, e.g. for 9am
type 09.00.00 or for 2.30pm type 14.30.00.
The date must be entered in the format
dd.mm.yyyy (day, month, year), e.g. for 1st
June 2009 type 01.06.2009. Press ENTER to
save changes. To select whether or not to print
time and date refer to section A9.2.4.
Simply press ENTER to leave the parameters
unchanged, or use U or V keys to change each
parameter in turn to match the device to be
connected and then press ENTER to save.
The factory settings for both the printer and
auxiliary output ports are:
Options
A9.2.2 SET TEMPERATURE
The temperature of the prism of the PTR
refractometer is controlled electronically by
means of a Peltier cell. To set the operating
temperature, press the TEMP key.
available
Baud rate
Parity
Stop bits
Bits/char
Paper feeds
The instrument will not allow you to enter a
temperature outside the range 10°C to 50°C.
(You may need temperature control assistance
(refer to section 8) if the set temperature is more
than 10°C below or 20°C above room
temperature.)
9600
None
2
8
2
4800, 2400
Odd, Even
1
7
Max 98, min 1
(Printer port only)
A9.2.4 SET PRINT OPTIONS
Press the SETUP key labeled PRINT.
This allows you to set what additional
information will be output to a printer (or other
data collection device) along with each sample
After changing the set temperature, the time
38
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
In "SINGLE SCAN" mode, the operator applies
a sample and then presses the PRINT key to
read. The PTR refractometer waits a preset
time then scans, displays and holds the result.
(Subsequent changes in the sample will not be
seen.) To set the delay time, refer to section
A9.2.6. Printout is automatic at the end of the
scan.
reading. The sample temperature, scale name
and sample reading are always printed. You
may select whether to print
1) Time and date
yes/no
2) Instrument serial number
yes/no
3) Sample number
no/manual/automatic
(see below)
Press the number of the option you want to
change and use the U or V keys to select YES
print or NO print then press ENTER to save.
Operation of the PTR refractometer in
"STABILITY" mode is similar to "single scan"
mode, but the instrument detects when a stable
reading has been obtained and then displays
the result. The level of stability that is
acceptable can be set by the user; refer to
section A9.2.6.
For sample numbering you can choose
automatic or manual numbering; if sample
numbering is set to "manual", in normal use,
when the operator presses the PRINT key, the
instrument will ask for a sample number. Any
number up to 9 digits may be typed in. The
operator then presses ENTER to proceed.
Obviously the operator must have access to the
remote controller to use manual sample
numbering.
PTRs (V6.8+) store, in internal memory, the last
100 readings taken. A reading is stored when
the PRINT key is pressed (only valid readings
are stored); in single scan modes, this means
the reading is stored for every scan; in
continuous mode, pressing the PRINT key
(whether or not a printer is connected) puts the
displayed reading into store. To retrieve
readings, select “DISPLAY ARCHIVE” mode.
The last reading taken, along with the scale
name, temperature and the time and date of the
reading is displayed. To scroll through previous
readings, use the U or V keys. Press QUIT to
return to normal operation.
If sample numbering is set to "automatic", you
will be asked to enter a starting number. Each
subsequent press of the PRINT key will
increment the sample number by 1
automatically. If automatic sample numbering is
set, the instrument will also ask for a starting
number at power up. You may enter a number
up to 9 digits long. To change the start number
during operation, re-select auto sample
numbering and, when requested, type in the
new number.
If a printer is connected to the PTR, press
PRINT to print the displayed reading; pressing
PRINT again will output the single displayed
reading; pressing ENTER will output all stored
readings (remember, there could be up to 100).
Alternatively, the stored data can be
downloaded to a computer with suitable
communications software; connect the computer
to the RS232 “printer” port.
A9.2.5 SELECT MODE
To select the operating mode, press DELAY
key and type “1” for SET OPERATING MODE the mode in use is indicated by the arrow. To
change mode, type the number of the option
required. The mode in use is displayed at the
top of the normal display screen, except for
“Display Archive” mode, which simply displays
the scale name, reading and temperature along
with the time and date the reading was taken.
To erase all stored data, press the CALIB key
and enter the access code for “Erase archive
data” (refer to Section 11). If you change your
mind after entering the code, pressing QUIT will
return to normal operation without erasing the
data.
When operating in "CONTINUOUS" mode, the
PTR refractometer is reading all the time; simply
apply a sample and read from the display when
the reading is stable. To print the result, press
the PRINT key.
A9.2.6 SET PARAMETERS
To select the operating parameters, press
DELAY key and type “2” for SET
PARAMETERS. Type the number for the
parameter you wish to check or alter.
"AUTOPRINT" mode is similar to "continuous"
mode except that the instrument automatically
outputs the reading to a printer or other data
collection device. This is useful for monitoring
changing samples. You can choose to print
every scan, print on data change or print at preset intervals. To set the time intervals, refer to
section A9.2.6.
Autoprint Time Interval
Key sequence DELAY 2) Set PARAMETERS
1) Autoprint
Type in the time interval you require between
automatic print-outs (if you make a typing error,
39
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
prevent the instrument trying for ever to read a
sample that is unsuitable. For example, if you
expect most of your samples to stabilise in about
30 seconds, we suggest you set a default time
of 60 or 120 seconds to allow for samples which
take a little longer to settle.
simply overtype) and then press the ENTER
key. The time is entered in seconds. You can
set any time from 1 to 999 seconds. A scan
takes from 1 to 9 seconds depending on model;
any time less than the scan time of the model in
use is probably not useful. When operating in
timed "autoprint" mode, the time to the next print
counts down at the top of the display.
If a stable reading is not obtained within the
default time, the reading is displayed with the
error message "Reading at default time".
Single Scan time
Key sequence DELAY, 2) Set PARAMETERS,
2) Single scan
Type in the required time and press ENTER.
This time is the delay time between pressing
PRINT/START and reading in "single scan"
mode. Any delay time from 1 to 999 seconds
can be set. For example, if the instrument is set
for medium averaging/readout time, a delay of 1
second will give a reading in approximately 3.5
seconds (1 second plus 2.5 seconds for a scan).
You should set a delay which allows sufficient
time for the sample to come to thermal stability
with the prism of the PTR before the reading is
taken. A sample which is very hot or very cold
compared to the set temperature of the prism
will require a longer delay time. Alternatively
you should consider using the "stability" mode
which reads only when a stable result is
obtained.
The default time MUST be longer than the
number of scans set for the "duration" plus one
multiplied by the scan time, which is between
1.5 and 5 seconds depending on whether the
averaging/readout time is set to slow, medium or
fast, HOWEVER we suggest entering for the
default time at least double this calculated
minimum time, or longer for particurly hot or cold
samples; the instrument will always output
the result as soon as possible whatever
default time is set. You can set a default time
up to 999 seconds.
Factory pre-set parameters are normally:Window
Duration
Default time
+/-2
4 scans
60 secs
A9.2.7 SET SAMPLE TYPE
Key sequence: DELAY, 3) SET SAMPLE TYPE,
U or V keys to amend
Use the "normal" setting for the majority of
samples whether clear, coloured, turbid or dark.
Use the "emulsion" setting for the few samples,
in particular emulsions, which scatter light from
relatively large particles in the liquid.
To find out the appropriate single scan delay
time for your particular samples, operate the
PTR in "continuous" mode first to find out how
long the reading takes to stabilise.
Stability Parameters
Key sequence DELAY 2) Set PARAMETERS
3) Stability
This allows you to set how stable you want a
reading to be before the PTR, in stability
operating mode, will accept it as "stable" and
output the result. Type the number of the
parameter you want to change and then type in
the required value and press ENTER to save,
QUIT to exit when all parameters set.
When using the emulsion scale, the accuracy is
reduced by a factor of about 2. The emulsion
scale usually allows the PTR to measure
samples which are extremely difficult or
impossible to measure on a visual or other
automatic refractometer, however it is neither
possible nor useful to measure ALL emulsions
on a refractometer. The PTR detects when the
borderline is too diffuse to make a sensibly
accurate measurement and displays "No
Reading" rather than giving a meaningless
number.
You can set a stability "window", minimum +/-1,
maximum +/-99.
EXAMPLE: a window of +/-2 means that the
reading must not move by more than +/-2 in the
least significant digit of the scale and resolution
selected.
A letter "E" to the left of the display indicates that
emulsion scale has been selected.
The "duration" specifies the number of scans for
which the reading must remain within the
stability window, minimum 2, maximum 99.
A9.3 CALIBRATE (CALIB Key)
The options under "Calibrate" are protected by
security access codes. These codes are listed
in Section 11. Some of these options are
discussed elsewhere in this manual. The other
settings that are available are listed below:
The "default" time sets the length of time in
seconds that the instrument will wait for a stable
reading. The purpose of the "default" time is to
40
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
programmed temperature coefficient. Press the
RI key again to see the normal RI scale which
still displays the actual RI measured at the
actual temperature.
Set temperature corrected RI scale
Select averaging/readout time
Select display resolution for RI, Brix and
temperature
Calibrate thermometer
TO REMOVE the temperature corrected RI
scale, repeat as above but set the temperature
coefficient to zero.
A9.3.1 TEMPERATURE CORRECTED RI
SCALE
The way the refractive index of a sample
changes with temperature is entirely dependent
on the particular sample in question, and also
varies with sample concentration and
temperature. For example: Per degree C
change in temperature, the RI of pure water
changes by approximately 1 in the 4th decimal
place of RI around 20°C, and by approximately
1.5 in the 4th decimal place around 50°C. In the
region of 20°C, the RI of a 20% concentration
sugar solution changes by just over 1 in the 4th
decimal place of RI per degree C, and a 60%
concentration sugar solution by nearly 2 in the
4th. For carbon tetrachloride, the change in RI
per degree C change in temperature is about 6
in the 4th decimal place of RI.
A9.3.2 SELECT AVERAGING / READOUT
TIME
You may select the number of readings
averaged. The larger the number of readings
averaged the slower the readout time. The
fastest readout time, with no averaging, is about
1 to 1.5 seconds but the readings may appear
unstable, especially if the sample is not clear. A
medium setting gives about a 2.5 second
reading time, or slow,about 5 seconds. The
optimum speed depends on the type of samples
being measured. Choose the slower speeds if
the sample is not clear. To select of averaging /
readout time press the CALIB key and enter the
appropriate security access code (Section 11);
type the number of the option you want and
press ENTER to save the setting.
This is why it is impossible to have a generally
applicable temperature corrected RI scale.
However, many users are normally measuring
similar samples and so it is useful for these
users to be able to program the refractometer to
automatically correct the RI scale for the
samples normally being measured.
In normal use, the speed selected is indicated to
the left of the display by the letter "F" for fast,
"M" for medium or "S" for slow.
A9.3.3 SELECT DISPLAY RESOLUTION
RI and Brix
PTR 2a You may alter the display to show 5
decimal places of RI or 2 decimal places of Brix.
The last decimal place may not be stable and
the accuracy of reading is not improved, but
showing the extra decimal place may be useful if
you are watching a trend in changing readings.
If showing 5 decimal places of RI, each reading
may take longer than normal.
To a first approximation, the variation of RI of a
particular sample with temperature can be
represented by the linear equation:
RI(T) = RI(Tref)[1 + α(T - Tref)]
where
T = measurement temperature
Tref = reference temperature
α = temperature coefficient
You may set the "reference" temperature, i.e.
the temperature the instrument will correct to,
and also the temperature coefficient.
PTR 2 X
You may alter the display to show 4 decimal
places of RI or 1 decimal place of Brix.
Reducing the resolution may speed up the
reading time. Also, if a particular batch of
samples only requires readings to 4 decimal
places of RI, the result is rounded for you and is
easier to read and less prone to copying errors.
If the RI of your sample DECREASES with
INCREASING temperature, the coefficient
should be NEGATIVE, If the RI INCREASES
with INCREASING temperature, the coefficient
should be positive.
To set-up the temperature correction press the
CALIB key and enter the appropriate security
access code. Type in the values and press
ENTER to store.
On returning to the normal display, press the RI
key to view the temperature corrected RI scale
identified as RI(T). RI(T) is the RI reading that
would have been obtained at the reference
temperature, calculated from the instrument
reading and taking into account the user
To change the display resolution press the
CALIB key, enter the appropriate access code
and type 1 for 4 decimal places of RI (1 decimal
place of Brix), 2 for 5 decimal places of RI (2
decimal places of Brix) and press ENTER to
save.
Temperature display (all models)
You may also choose whether to display the
41
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
temperature.
sample temperature to 1 or 2 decimal places.
Proceed as above, but type in the Access Code
for "Select display resolution - thermometer".
If you want to REMOVE any user temperature
calibration and return to the Index factory
calibration, proceed as above but, instead of
entering the temperature, type the value 0.
A9.3.4 CALIBRATE TEMPERATURE
The thermometers in the PTR refractometer
have been calibrated against standard
thermometers prior to dispatch over the full
range of the instrument (15 to 50°C). The
specified maximum temperature error across the
entire range of the instrument is +/-0.5°C, but
the typical deviation from absolute accuracy
across the range is of the order of 0.05°C to
0.2°C.
If for any reason you think the thermometer
calibration is not correct (see also section 8),
you may recalibrate the thermometer as follows.
BEFORE ENTERING THIS ROUTINE IT IS
ESSENTIAL THAT YOU HAVE A SUITABLE
INDEPENDENT CALIBRATED
THERMOMETETER WITH WHICH TO
MEASURE THE SAMPLE TEMPERATURE. A
suitable thermometer is one with a flexible wire
thermocouple type probe which can be placed in
the sample and the sample cover closed on the
probe. The calibration of the thermometer
should be carried out with a sample on the prism
and the end of the thermocouple probe of the
independent calibrated thermometer in the
sample.
DO NOT ENTER THIS PROGRAMME unless
you are certain you need to alter the
temperature calibration, the instrument and
sample are stable in temperature and you are
sure that you know the actual sample
temperature:
Press the CALIB key and type in the security
access code for "Calibrate temperature." Type
in the actual temperature of your sample and
press ENTER. As any thermometer calibration
adjustment required is likely to be extremely
small, no more than a fraction of a degree, the
instrument is programmed to reject any
thermometer adjustment greater than 1°C. (If
you think a larger adjustment is required, this
suggests that a fault has occurred and the
refractometer should be returned to the
manufacturer for service/repair.)
The newly entered sample temperature will
initially appear on the display, but as the "set"
temperature in unchanged, the cooling/heating
control will immediately operate to adjust the
sample to that set temperature and your sample
temperature will be seen to increase or
decrease as necessary to reach the "set"
42
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
APPENDIX 10
GUARANTEE
INDEX INSTRUMENTS equipment is guaranteed against faulty materials and
workmanship for one year from the date of delivery.
During the guarantee period, Index Instruments will repair or replace at their
discretion any faulty part and cover the labour costs thus incurred.
This guarantee excludes fair wear and tear and accidental damage.
If, in our opinion, damage has resulted from mishandling or interference with parts or
settings (except with instructions and permission from Index Instruments) our normal
service charges will apply.
Index Instruments Ltd will charge normal service rates where instruments are
damaged due to the use of aggressive samples, i.e. samples that are able to attack
316 stainless steel, silicone based materials, "Delrin" plastic (Acetal Homopolymer)
or sapphire, unless Index Instruments Ltd. have agreed otherwise in advance of
purchase.
This guarantee is invalidated if the base unit seal of the PTR is broken.
In the event of a breakdown, contact either your agent or Index Instruments Ltd at
the address given below. We will either:
a)
Advise you how to correct the fault yourself.
b)
Send an engineer to carry out the work.
c)
Ask you to return the faulty instrument to our works.
Whenever possible, pack in the original packing box and always return the power
supply along with the instrument. If you do not have the original packing box, a new
one can often be sent on request. Returned items must be sent carriage paid and
fully insured by you for both the outward and return journeys.
If you are not using the original packing, mechanically isolate the power supply box
from the instrument to prevent mutual damage.
Note that if you are returning the instrument for repair, please enclose WITH THE
INSTRUMENT a written description of the fault.
INDEX INSTRUMENTS Ltd.
Industrial Estate, Bury Road,
RAMSEY, Huntingdon,
Cambridgeshire,
PE26 1NF
ENGLAND
In the U.S.A. contact
INDEX INSTRUMENTS US INC.
3305 Commerce Boulevard
Kissimmee, FL 34741
U.S.A.
Tel: +44 (0) 1487 814313
Fax: +44 (0) 1487 812789
E-Mail: [email protected]
Tel: 407 932 3688
Fax: 407 932 3686
E-mail: [email protected]
43
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
(F) ANNEXE 10
GARANTIE
INDEX INSTRUMENTS garanti ses appareils contre tout vice de fabrication pendant un an date de
livraison. La garantie s’entend pièces et main d’œuvre, matériel retourné en nos ateliers aux frais du
client.
Pendant la période de garantie, INDEX INSTRUMENTS se réserve le droit de réparer ou de
purement et simplement échanger un appareil qui serait déficient.
Sont exclus de la garantie les dommages dus à une mauvaise utilisation de nos appareils ou tout
dommage consécutif à un choc ou encore toute intervention d’un tiers non autorisé par Index
Instruments.
La garantie cesse également s’il s’avère que l’appareil a été ouvert pendant la période de garantie.
Il en est de même si l’appareil a été utilisé avec des échantillons ou des solvants incompatibles avec
les matériaux en contact avec les échantillons ou susceptibles de l’être (inox 316, joints silicone,
saphir de synthèse), sauf si vous avez obtenu notre accord écrit avant l’achat de l’appareil. En cas de
doute sur la compatibilité de vos produits et solvants, reportez-vous au paragraphe ou n’hésitez pas
à nous contacter.
En cas de panne, ne retournez pas votre appareil a notre service technique sans avoir au préalable
contacté soit notre importateur local soit notre société afin de connaître la marche à suivre. Selon la
nature du problème, nous vous conseillerons soit de :
a)
Corriger vous-même l’anomalie de fonctionnement (pseudo pannes).
b)
Nous retourner l’appareil parfaitement emballé s’il s’agit vraiment d’une panne.
Dans ce cas, n’oubliez pas de joindre un descriptif précis du problème rencontré.
Nous vous rappelons que dans tous les cas, les appareils voyagent sous la seule responsabilité de
nos clients : il vous appartient donc de payer les frais de port aller/retour ainsi que l’assurance pour le
transport.
Pour nous contacter :
INDEX INSTRUMENTS Ltd.
Industrial Estate, Bury Road,
RAMSEY, Huntingdon,
Cambridgeshire, PE26 1NF
ENGLAND
Telephone +44 (0) 1487 814313
Fax +44 (0) 1487 812789
E Mail [email protected]
44
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
APPENDIX 11
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
(F) ANNEXE 11
DECLARATION DE CONFORMITE
(D) ANHANG 11 Konformitätsbescheinigung
(E) APENDICE 11 DECLARACION DE CONFORMIDAD
EC Declaration of Conformity
We
of
Index Instruments Ltd.
Industrial estate, Bury Road,
RAMSEY, Huntingdon,
Cambridgeshire, ENGLAND
PE26 1NF
in accordance with the following Directives:
2004/108/EC
The Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive
2006/95/EC
The Low Voltage Directive
hereby declare that:
Product:
Refractometer
Models:
PTR 2a, 2aX, 46, 46X, 46XP, 46DL
is in conformity with the applicable requirements of the following
standard:
BS EN 61326:2006
Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use.
EMC requirements.
I hereby declare that the equipment named above has been designed
to comply with the relevant sections of the above referenced
specification. The unit complies with all applicable Essential
Requirements of the Directives.
Signed by:
Name:
J. L. Horn PhD BSc MInstP
Position:
Director
At:
Ramsey
On:
4 September 2008
Document Ref. No. PTRCE2, Issue1
45
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
46
PTR 2a Handbook – Issue 3 June 2009
INDEX
Aggressive samples, 4
Archive data, 27
Averaging 28, 41
Autoprint, 39
Auxiliary port, 25
Bar code, 24
Baud rate, 23, 25
Brix, 37
Calcium fluoride, 33
CE Certificate, 45
Cleaning, 13
Computer, 25
Contact fluid, 32
Continuous mode, 39
Date, 27, 38
Diagram of PTR, 10
Display, 11
Error message, 36
Fuse, 8
Glass test pieces, 32, 33
Guarantee, 43
Input, 24
Installation, 1, 8
Installation, printer, 9
Introduction, 3
Liquid standards, 33
Lithium fluoride, 33
Location, 22
Lock, 27
Mode of operation 27, 39
No reading, 34, 36
Operation, 12
Plastics, 15
Print options, 27, 38
Printer, 9, 23, 35
Remote Control Unit 27
Remote port, 24, 25
Resolution, 28,29,30,41
RS232, 9, 23, 38
Sample type (N or E), 40
Sampling, 13
Scales 27
Security access codes 28
Silica, 32, 33
Single Scan Mode, 39,40
Software, 25
Solid samples, 15, 32
Stability mode, 39
Standards, 33
Temperature, 22, 27, 38
Temperature corrected Brix scale, 27, 37
Temperature corrected RI scale 28, 41
Test pieces, 30, 36
Time 27,38
Time to read, 27,41
Warnings, 4
Zero, 20
47