Works Cited Index
1) Works Cited: The Basics
2) Works Cited: Authors
3) ONLINE SOURCES
a) An Entire Site
b) Course or Department Sites
4) ONLINE SOURCES CONT.
a) Short Works
b) Online Database
c) Web Magazine
d) Online Scholarly Journal
5) ONLINE SOURCES CONT.
a) Online Scholarly Journal that also
appears in Print
b) Online Book
c) E-Mail
d) PERIODICALS
e) Magazines
f)
Weekly magazine
g) Monthly magazine
6) PERIODICALS CONT.
a) Newspaper
b) Review
c) Editorial or Letter to the Editor
7) PERIODICALS CONT.
a) Anonymous Article
b) Article in Scholarly Journal
c) BOOKS
d) Basic format
e) Translated book
8) BOOKS CONT.
a) Republished
9)
BOOKS CONT
a) Work in an Anthology
b) Cross referencing
c) Poem or Short stories in Book.
10) BOOKS CONT.
a) Reference Book
b) Multivolume work
c) Introduction, Preface, Foreword,
Afterword
11) BOOKS CONT.
a) Sacred Texts
b) Government Publication
c) Pamphlet
12) OTHER MEDIUMS
a) Sound Recordings
b) Digital Files
c) Personal Interviews
d) Published Interviews
13) OTHER MEDIUMS CONT.
a) Online Only Published Interviews
b) Speeches, Lectures, other oral
presentations.
c) Paintings, Sculptures,
Photograph
d) Films or movies
14) OTHER MEDIUMS CONT.
a) DVDs or Videos of Films.
b) Broadcast TV or Radio
c) DVDs or Videos of TV
st
15) Format for 1 page
16) Sample Works Cited page
b) Later Editions
*For any source not listed above refer to
c) Prepared by Editor
the MLA Style Manual 3 Edition and
d) Entire Anthology
Guide to Scholarly Publishing or The
rd
th
Bedford Handbook 8 Edition.
Both located in The Learning Center.
Works Cited: The Basics
1. Begin your Works Cited page on a new page at the end of your research paper. It should
not be a separate document from your research paper; therefore, the same header and
margins remain.
2. Center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. (do not italicize, bold, underline, all
cap them or put them in quotation marks)
3. Double-space all citations; this means there should be no single or quadruple spacing
anywhere on the page.
4. Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations five spaces (or one tab stop) to
create a hanging indent.
5. For every entry, you must determine the Medium of Publication. Print or Web will
probably be the most common, but other possibilities may include Film, Video, Interview
or DVD.
6. Writers are no longer required to provide URLs for Web entries. However, if your
instructor or publisher insists on them, include them in angle brackets after the entry and
end with a period.
7. If you're citing an article or a publication that was originally issued in print form but you’ve
retrieved it from an online database, you only have to type the online database name in
italics after you’ve completed the information for the print source.
8. Use italics only for titles of larger works (books, magazines, internet sites) and “quotation
marks” for titles of shorter works (poems, articles)
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Works Cited: Authors
1. List entries alphabetically by author’s last name or, for entire edited collections, editors’
names. Use as much of the name as the work has listed.
Baker, Keith
Lester, Nancy M.
Wilde, Paul Christian
2. Do not list titles (Dr., Sir, Saint, etc.) or degrees (PhD, MA, DDS, etc.) with names. Do
include suffixes like "Jr." or "II."
King, Martin Luther, Jr.,
3. If you have cited more than one work by a particular author, order the entries
alphabetically by title, and use three hyphens in place of the author's name for every
entry after the first:
Burke, Kenneth. “A Grammar of Motives”.
---. “A Rhetoric of Motives”.
4. Alphabetize works with no known author by their title.
Baxter, Thomas.
“Boring Postcards USA”.
5. Two authors (in the order listed on book or article):
Parson, Terry and Mark Boxrud.
6. Three authors (in the order listed on book or article):
Parson, Terry, Jesse Bineham and Mark Boxrud.
7. More than three authors:
Parsons, Terry et.al.
8. Organization as an author:
National Wildlife Federation.
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Online Sources
Basic Pattern for Online Sources
Online sources vary widely in the information they provide, but no matter what is provided, you
must follow this general pattern.
•
Author and/or editor names (if available)
•
Article name in quotation marks (if applicable)
•
Title of the Website, project, or book in italics.
•
Any version numbers available, including revisions, posting dates, volumes, or issue
numbers.
•
Publisher information, including the publisher name (if no publisher information then n. p.)
•
Publishing date (if no date, then n.d.)
•
Page numbers (if none then n. pag).
•
Medium of publication (Web)
•
Date you accessed the material.
•
URL (only if teacher specifically requests it).
Citing an Entire Web Site
Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Title of Article”.
Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization
affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher), date of resource
creation (if available). Medium of publication. Date of access.
The Purdue OWL Family of Sites. The Writing Lab and OWL at Purdue and
Purdue U, 2008. Web. 23 April 2008.
Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28
Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006.
Course or Department Websites
Felluga, Dino. Survey of the Literature of England. Purdue U, Aug.
3
2006. Web. 31 May 2007.
English Department. Purdue U, 14 May 2009. Web. 20 Apr. 2009.
Short Work on a Web Site
"How to Make Vegetarian Chili." eHow.com. eHow, n.d. Web. 24 Feb.
2009.
An Article from an Online Database (or Other Electronic Subscription Service)
Cite articles from online databases and other subscription services as you would print sources.
Then add the name of the database (e.g. LexisNexis, ProQuest, JSTOR, ScienceDirect) in italics
afterwards. It is no longer necessary to add the information about the subscribing institution.
Junge, Wolfgang, and Nathan Nelson. “Nature's Rotary Electromotors.”
Science 29 Apr. 2005: 642-44. Science Online. Web. 5 Mar. 2009.
An Article in a Web Magazine
Bernstein, Mark. "10 Tips on Writing the Living Web." A List Apart:
For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag., 16 Aug. 2002.
Web. 4 May 2009.
Article in an Online-only Scholarly Journal
Dolby, Nadine. “Research in Youth Culture and Policy: Current
Conditions and Future Directions.” Social Work and Society: The
International Online-Only Journal 6.2 (2008): n. pag. Web. 20 May
2009.
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Article in an Online Scholarly Journal That Also Appears in Print
Wheelis, Mark. "Investigating Disease Outbreaks Under a Protocol to
the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention." Emerging Infectious
Diseases 6.6 (2000): 595-600. Web. 8 Feb. 2009.
Online Book
Milton, John. Paradise Lost: Book I. Poetry Foundation, 2008. Web. 20
December 2008.
E-mail Message
L’Heureux, Sara. “Review Questions.” Message to the Author. 28
January 2010. E-mail.
Periodicals
Article in a Magazine
Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Day Month Year:
pages. Medium of publication.
Article in a Weekly Magazine
Poniewozik, James. "TV Makes a Too-Close Call." Time 20 Nov. 2000: 7071. Print.
Article in a Monthly Magazine
Lansing, Angela. “Mysteries Solved.” Detective Daily. March 2001. 5052. Print.
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Article in a Newspaper
Brubaker, Bill. "New Health Center Targets County's Uninsured
Patients." Washington Post 24 May 2007: LZ01. Print.
Krugman, Andrew. "Fear of Eating." New York Times 21 May 2007 late ed.:
A1. Print.
If the newspaper is a less well-known or local publication, include the city name and state in
brackets after the title of the newspaper.
Behre, Robert. "Presidential Hopefuls Get Final Crack at Core of S.C.
Democrats." Post and Courier [Charleston, SC] 29 Apr. 2007: A11.
Print.
A Review
Review Author. "Title of Review (if there is one)." Rev. of
Performance Title, by Author/Director/Artist. Title of Periodical
day month year: page. Medium of publication.
Seitz, Matt Zoller. "Life in the Sprawling Suburbs, If You Can Really
Call It Living." Rev. of Radiant City, dir. Gary Burns and Jim
Brown. New York Times 30 May 2007 late ed.: E1. Print.
An Editorial or Letter to the Editor
"Of Mines and Men." Editorial. Wall Street Journal east. ed. 24 Oct.
2003: A14. Print.
Hamer, John. Letter. American Journalism Review Dec. 2006/Jan. 2007:
7. Print.
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Anonymous Articles
"Business: Global Warming's Boom Town; Tourism in Greenland." The
Economist 26 May 2007: 82. Print.
"Aging: Women Expect to Care for Aging Parents but Seldom Prepare."
Women's Health Weekly 10 May 2007: 18. Print.
An Article in a Scholarly Journal
Author(s). "Title of Article." Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year):
pages. Medium of publication.
Bagchi, Alaknanda. "Conflicting Nationalisms: The Voice of the
Subaltern in Mahasweta Devi's Bashai Tudu." Tulsa Studies in
Women's Literature 15.1 (1996): 41-50. Print.
Books
The basic form for a book citation is:
Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher,
Year of Publication. Medium of Publication.
Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, 1987.
Print.
A Translated Book
Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in
the Age of Reason. Trans. Richard Howard. New York: VintageRandom House, 1988. Print.
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A Republished Book
For books that have only been republished (not changed in any way but reprinted) use the
original publication date.
Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. 1990. New York: Routledge, 1999. Print.
Erdrich, Louise. Love Medicine. 1984. New York: Perennial-Harper, 1993.
Print.
Later Editions
For revised editions, state which edition it is after the title and use the date of the latest revision.
Crowley, Sharon, and Debra Hawhee. Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary
Students. 3rd ed. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2004. Print.
A Work Prepared by an Editor
Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. Margaret Smith. Oxford: Oxford UP,
1998. Print.
Entire Anthology (e.g. Collection of Essays)
Hill, Charles A., and Marguerite Helmers, eds. Defining Visual
Rhetorics. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004. Print.
Peterson, Nancy J., ed. Toni Morrison: Critical and Theoretical
Approaches. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. Print.
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A Work in an Anthology
Last name, First name. "Title of Essay." Title of Collection. Ed.
Editor's Name(s). Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Page
range of entry. Medium of Publication.
Cross-referencing Several Items from One Anthology:
If you cite more than one essay from the same edited collection, you should include a separate
entry for the entire collection listed by the editor's name as below:
Rose, Shirley K. and Irwin Weiser, eds. The Writing Program
Administrator as Researcher. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1999.
Print.
Then, for each individual essay from the collection, cite the work as you normally would and add
the editors’ names and page numbers at the end.
L'Eplattenier, Barbara. "Finding Ourselves in the Past: An Argument for
Historical Work on WPAs." Rose and Weiser 131-40. Print.
Peeples, Tim. "'Seeing' the WPA With/Through Postmodern Mapping." Rose
and Weiser 153-67. Print.
Poem or Short Story Examples:
Collections with an Editor:
Burns, Robert. "Red, Red Rose." 100 Best-Loved Poems. Ed. Philip Smith.
New York: Dover, 1995. 26. Print.
Kincaid, Jamaica. "Girl." The Vintage Book of Contemporary American
Short Stories. Ed. Tobias Wolff. New York: Vintage, 1994. 306-07.
Print.
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Collections by the Author:
Whitman, Walt. "I Sing the Body Electric." Selected Poems. New York:
Dover, 1991. 12-19. Print.
Carter, Angela. "The Tiger's Bride." Burning Your Boats: The Collected
Stories. New York: Penguin, 1995. 154-69. Print.
Article in a Reference Book (e.g. Encyclopedias, Dictionaries)
"Ideology." The American Heritage Dictionary. 3rd ed. 1997. Print.
A Multivolume Work
When citing only one volume of a multivolume work, include the volume number before the city of
publication and publisher. List the number of volumes last.
Quintilian. Institutio Oratoria. Trans. H. E. Butler. Vol. 2.
Cambridge: Loeb-Harvard UP, 1980. Print. 8 vols.
When citing more than one volume of a multivolume work, include the total number of volumes
before the city of publication and publisher. If published over a number of years, include those
dates after publisher.
Quintilian. Institutio Oratoria. Trans. H. E. Butler. 4 vols.
Cambridge: Loeb-Harvard UP, 1980-86. Print.
An Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword
Farrell, Thomas B. Introduction. Norms of Rhetorical Culture. By
Farrell. New Haven: Yale UP, 1993. 1-13. Print.
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If the writer of the piece is different from the author of the complete work, then write the full name
of the principal work's author after the word "By."
Duncan, Hugh Dalziel. Introduction. Permanence and Change: An Anatomy
of Purpose. By Kenneth Burke. 1935. 3rd ed. Berkeley: U of
California P, 1984. xiii-xliv. Print.
Sacred Text
The New Jerusalem Bible. Ed. Susan Jones. New York: Doubleday, 1985.
Print.
A Government Publication
Normally, an individual author is not listed; therefore, start with the name of the national
government, followed by the agency. For congressional documents, be sure to include the
number of the Congress and the session when the hearing was held or resolution passed. US
government documents are typically published by the Government Printing Office, which MLA
abbreviates as GPO.
United States. Cong. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
Hearing on the Geopolitics of Oil. 110th Cong., 1st sess.
Washington: GPO, 2007. Print.
United States. Government Accountability Office. Climate Change: EPA
and DOE Should Do More to Encourage Progress Under Two Voluntary
Programs. Washington: GPO, 2006. Print.
A Pamphlet
Women's Health: Problems of the Digestive System. Washington: American
College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2006. Print.
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Other Mediums
Sound Recordings
Foo Fighters. In Your Honor. RCA, 2005. CD.
Nirvana. "Smells Like Teen Spirit." Nevermind. Geffen, 1991.
Audiocassette.
Beethoven, Ludwig van. The 9 Symphonies. Perf. NBC Symphony Orchestra.
Cond. Arturo Toscanini. RCA, 2003. CD.
Digital Files (PDFs, MP3s, JPEGs)
Beethoven, Ludwig van. Moonlight Sonata. Crownstar, 2006. MP3.
Smith, George. “Pax Americana: Strife in a Time of Peace.” 2005.
Microsoft Word file.
Bentley, Phyllis. “Yorkshire and the Novelist.” The Kenyon Review 30.4
(1968): 509-22. JSTOR. PDF file.
Personal Interviews
Purdue, Pete. Personal interview. 1 Dec. 2000.
Published Interviews (Print or Broadcast)
Gaitskill, Mary. Interview with Charles Bock. Mississippi Review 27.3
(1999): 129-50. Print.
Amis, Kingsley. “Mimic and Moralist.” Interviews with Britain’s Angry
Young Men. By Dale Salwak. San Bernardino, CA: Borgo, 1984.
Print.
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Online-only Published Interviews
Zinkievich, Craig. Interview by Gareth Von Kallenbach. Skewed &
Reviewed. Skewed & Reviewed, 2009. Web. 15 Mar. 2009.
Speeches, Lectures, or Other Oral Presentations
Stein, Bob. Computers and Writing Conference. Purdue University. Union
Club Hotel, West Lafayette, IN. 23 May 2003. Keynote address.
A Painting, Sculpture, or Photograph
Artist's name.
Title of the Artwork.
institution that displays it.
Date composed. Name of
Location of institution.
Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV. 1800. Museo del Prado,
Madrid.
For photographic reproductions of artwork add the bibliographic information of the source it was
reproduced in.
Goya, Francisco. The Family of Charles IV. 1800. Museo del Prado,
Madrid. Gardener's Art Through the Ages. 10th ed. By Richard G.
Tansey and Fred S. Kleiner. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace. 939.
Print.
Films or Movies
For films or motions pictures, list the name of the director first followed by major performers if they
were important to your paper. If your paper prioritizes a particular group of people, you may list
them first.
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The Usual Suspects. Perf. Kevin Spacey, Gabriel Byrne, Chazz
Palminteri, Stephen Baldwin, and Benecio del Toro. Dir. Bryan
Singer. Polygram, 1995. Film.
Lucas, George, Dir. Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. Twentieth Century
Fox, 1977. Film.
DVDs or Video recordings
Ed Wood. Dir. Tim Burton. Perf. Johnny Depp, Martin Landau, Sarah
Jessica Parker, Patricia Arquette. Touchstone, 1994. DVD.
Television or Radio Program
"The Blessing Way." The X-Files. Fox. WXIA, Atlanta. 19 Jul. 1998.
Television.
DVD or Video recording of Television Episodes
"The One Where Chandler Can't Cry." Friends: The Complete Sixth
Season. Writ. Andrew Reich and Ted Cohen. Dir. Kevin Bright.
Warner Brothers, 2004. DVD.
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Name (Information is left justified and double spaced)
Name of Instructor
Name of Class
International Date (12 December 2010)
Title
(centered>do not underline, italicize, bold or all caps)
First word in paragraph (indented 1 tab stop)
The Body of the paper is double spaced.
Preferred format for first page of MLA paper.
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Works Cited
"Aging: Women Expect to Care for Aging Parents but Seldom Prepare."
Women's Health Weekly 10 May 2007: 18. Print.
Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. Margaret Smith. Oxford: Oxford UP,
1998. Print.
Brubaker, Bill. "New Health Center Targets County's Uninsured
Patients." Washington Post 24 May 2007: LZ01. Print.
Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, 1987.
Print.
Junge, Wolfgang, and Nathan Nelson. “Nature's Rotary Electromotors.”
Science 29 Apr. 2005: 642-44. Science Online. Web. 5 Mar. 2009.
Lansing, Angela. “Mysteries Solved.” Detective Daily. March 2001. 5052. Print.
L’Heureux, Sara. “Review Questions.” Message to the Author. 28
January 2010. E-mail.
Peeples, Tim. "'Seeing' the WPA With/Through Postmodern Mapping."
Rose and Weiser 153-67. Print.
Sample format
for Works
Cited Page.
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