The Ancient Greeks developed three main styles, or orders, of
architecture. Each style had its own distinct look and details, though
columns were common to all. All three orders, although created
thousands of years ago, are still frequently included in modern
architectural designs.
Doric:
The Doric order is the oldest and simplest form of
Greek architecture. It is known for its plain-looking
columns. Doric columns do not have a base, but sit
right on the floor. They are very sturdy and their tops,
or capitals, are usually simple squares or circles. These
columns are slightly tapered at the top and are thicker
overall than the other orders. Each usually has 20
grooves around it called channels that meet at the
vertical pillow at the top.
Ionic:
The Ionic order has thinner and more elegant columns
than the Doric order. Its capitals are usually decorated
with a scroll-like design called a volute. The volute is
usually right above an “egg and dart” molding; a series
of half ovals and arrowheads. Ionic columns, unlike
the earlier Doric style, have a base between the shaft of
the column and the floor. Overall, they are more
slender than Doric and have more and thinner grooves
around the sides; usually about 24.
Corinthian:
The last of the Greek orders to be developed, the
Corinthian order, was only rarely used by the ancient
Greeks. However, it did become very popular during
the later Roman civilization. The shafts of the columns
and their bases are similar to Ionic columns; slender
and with more grooves than the Dorian. The main
identifying feature of Corinthian columns is the very
fancy stonework on the capitals. The tops of the
columns are generally decorated with flowers, leaves,
and vines, which give them a very ornate look.
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