Common Names for Plant Diseases
An effort to assemble and standardize common names for
agricultural and ornamental crops began in 1978 with the
formation of The American Phytopathological Society's
Committee on Standardization of Common Names for Plant
Diseases. G. L. Worf of the University of Wisconsin, Madison,
served as the first chairman, followed by A. H. McCain of the
University of California, Berkeley; R. P. Covey of the
University of Washington, Wenatchee; and B. J. Castanho of
the Monsanto Company, St. Louis.
As each commodity list of plant diseases was completed, it
will also be published. It is expected that the lists will not be
revised for at least 5 years so that stability in use of common
names will be achieved. The APS Council approved these names
as preferred names, and editors will request that authors
consider using these names in journal and other publications.
The committee thanks F. A. Uecker, mycologist with the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Beltsville; nematologists A. M.
Golden of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, K. R.
Barker of North Carolina State University, Raleigh, and 0. J.
Dickerson of Clemson University; and the individual collators
and many unnamed assistants for the hours they devoted to this
project.
J. D. Hansen, Chairman, Committee on Standardization
was published in Phytopathology News, with the request that
readers react favorably or unfavorably to the decisions made.
Lists of names were then revised and collected until now we have
35 commodity lists to publish. When another group is ready, it
©1985The American Phytopathological Society
of Common Names.for Plant Diseases
Reprints of this group of common names for plant diseases will be made available,
if there are sufficient orders, at a price of $10.00 per booklet. Orders must be
received by October 1, 1985. Write, giving total number of booklets desired, to
Common Names for Plant Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society,
3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Joseph H. Graham, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Anthracnose
2. Bacterial leaf spot
Pathogen or cause
Colletotrichum trifolii Bain
Xanthomonas campestris pv. alfa/lae
h. Root lesion*
i. Spiral
j. Stubby-root
k. Stunt
17. Phymatotrichum
root rot
(Riker et al) Dye
3. Bacterial wilt
4. Black root rot
5. Boron deficiency
6. Common leaf spot
7. Crown and root rot
complex
8. Crown wart
9.
Damping-off
(seedling diseases)
Clavibactermichiganense subsp.
insidiosum (McCulloch) Davis
et al (= Corynebacterium insidiosum
(McCulloch) Jensen)
Thielaviopsis basicola
(Berk.& Br.) Ferr.
(synanamorph: Chalara elegans
Nag Raj & Kendrick)
......
Pseudopeziza medicaginis (Lib.) Sacc.
Fusarium spp. and other organisms
Physoderma a/fa/fae (Lagerh.) Karling
(= Urophlyctis a/falfae
(Lagerh.) Magn.)
Fusariumacuminatum Ell. & Ev.
(teleomorph: Gibberellaacuminata
Wr.)
F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc.
Pythium debaryanum Hesse
P. irregulareBuis
P. splendens Braun
P. ultimum Trow
Pythium s
Rhizoctonia so/ani Kuihn (teleomorphThanatephoruscucumneris (Frank)
Donk)
Cuscuta sp.V.
Peronospora trifo/iorum d By.
Unidentified bacterium
(gra-negtiverod)(Pers.:
10.
11.
12.
Dodder
Downy mildew
Dwarf
13.
Fusarium wilt
14.
Leafhopper burn
Fusarium oxysporurn Schlecht. f. sp1.iu
medicaginis
Empoascajfabae (Harris)
15.
Leptosphaerulina
Leptosphaeru/ina briosiana (Poll.)
leaf spot
16. Nematodes (parasitic):
23. Sclerotinia crown
and stem rot
24. Southern blight
25.
26.
27.
28.
and leaf spot
Verticillium wilt
30.
Violet root rot
admcpasaie(LO
a. Alfalfa latent
b. Alfalfa mosaic
d. Wies' btroom
32.
Dity/lenchus dipsaci (Kuihn) Filipjev
b. Cyst
c. Dagger, American
d. Needle
e. Pin
Heterodera trifo/ii Goffart
Xiphinema americanum Cobb
Longidorus spp
Paraty/enchus hamatus Thorne & Allen
f. Reniform
Paraty/enchus spp
Rotylienchulus spp
Me/oidogvne hap/a Chitwood
M. incognita (Kofoid & White)
Chitwood
d
ice'bom
Winter crown rot
(Coprinus snow mold)
33.
Pratylenchuspenetrans (Cobb)
Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven
Pratylenchusspp.
Helicoty/enchus spp.
Paratrichodorusspp.
Tvlenchorhynchus spp.
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
(Shear) Dug.
Phytophthoramegasperma Drechs.
Plenodomus meliloti Dearn. & Sanf.
......
Rhizoctonia solani KUhn
Uromyces striatus Schroet.
(= U. striatus var. medicaginis
(Pass.) Arth.)
Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss.
Sclerotium ro/fsii Sacc.
(teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
Spring black stem
Phoma medicaginis Malbr. & Roum.
var. medicaginis (= Ascochyta
and leaf spot
impeir[cta Pk.)
Stagonospora meliloti (Lasch) Petr.
Stagonospora
(_ Leptosphaeriapratensis Sacc.
leaf spot and root rot
& Briard) (anamorph: Phoma
meliloti Allesch.)
Stemphylium leaf spot Stemphylium botrvosum Wallr.
(teleomorph: Pleosporaherbarumt
(Fr.) Rabenh.)
Summer black stem
Cercosporamedicaginis Ell. & Ev.
29.
Graham & Luttrell
a. Bulb and stem
g. Root-knot*
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
(cotton root rot)
Phytophthora root rot
Plenodomus root rot
Potassium deficiency
Rhizoctonia root rot
Rust
Meloidogyne spp.
Yellow leaf blotch
Vertici//iurn a/ho-atrum Reinke
& Berth.
dah/iae Kleb.
He/icobasidiumpurpureum Pat.
(anamorph: Rhizoctonia crocorun
Fr.) DC.)
iess
Alfalfa latent virus
Alfalfa mosaic virus
MLOsrakviu
ML
Coprinuspsyvchromorhid/us Redhead
& Traquair
Leptotrochi/a medicaginis
(Fckl.) Schuepp
(= Pvrenopeziza medicagini~s
Fckl., = Pseudopezizajone~sii
Nannf.) (anamorph:
Sporonema phacidiuc/es Dcsm.)
*Common names of the nematode diseases of alfalfa and of the nematodes
themselves.
Plant Disease/August 1985
649
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)
Kenneth G. Parker, Primary Collator
Pathogen or cause
Common name
I. Alternaria leaf spot
and storage rot
2. American brown rot
3. Anthracnose,
bull's eye rot, and
perennial canker
4. Bitter pit
5. Bitter rot
6. Black pox
7. Black root rot
8. Black rot, frogeye
leaf spot, and canker
9. Blister canker
10. Blister spot
Alernaria na/i Roberts
Moni/iniafrucicola (Wint.) Honey
Neofahraea ma/icorticis Jacks
(= Pezicula malicorticis (Jacks)
Nannf.) (anamorph:
Crtvptosporiopsiscurvispora (Pk.)
Gremmen)
Localized calcium deficiency
Glomerella cingulata (Ston.) Spauld.
& Schrenk
Helmninthosporium papulosum Berg.
Xvlaria mali Fromme
Physalospora obtusa (Schw.) Cke.
(anamorph: Sphaeropsis malorum
(Berk.) Berk.)
Physalosporaspp.
Nummulariadiscreta (Schw.) Tul.
Pseudomonassyringae pv.
papulans (Rose) Dhanvantari
Boron deficiency
syringae pv. svringae
Pseudomonas
van Hall
vlan H
li
Phs//osticta so/itaria Ell. & Ev.
I1. Blossom blast
12. Blossom
and shoot
blast
bla
ut
13. Blotch (fruit),
leaf spot, and
twig canker
Penicillium expansum Lk.
14. Blue mold
15. Botryosphaeria canker Botrvosphaeria dothidea (Moug.: Fr.)
Ces. & de Not. (= B. ribis Gross.
and fruit rot
& Dug.) (anamorph: Dothiore/la
gregaria Sacc.)
B. ribis var. chromogena Shear
et al (anamorph[s]: Dothiorella
spp.)
Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey
16. Brown rot
blossom blight
Unidentified (frequently confused
17. Burr knot
with aerial crown gall)
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
18. Calyx-end rot
(Lib.) dBy.
Gvmnosporangiumrjuniperi-virginianae
19. Cedar apple rust
Schw.
Armillaria tabescens (Scop.: Fr.)
20. Clitocybe root rot
Dennis et al (= Clitocybe tabescens
(Scop.: Fr.) Bres.)
Phvtophthoracactorum (Leb. & Cohn)
21. Collar rot
Schroet.
and sprinkler rot
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith
22. Crown gall
& Townsend) Conn
23. Cytospora canker
and dieback
Cytospora ambiens Sacc.
C. chr'sosperma Pers.: Fr.
Ell. & Barth.
C.
C. leucosticta
leucostomna (Pers.) Sacc.
(telcomorph: Leucostomna persoonii
(is)Hen)61.
C. mnicrospora (Cda.) Rabenh.
C. personata Fr.
C. ruhescens Fr. (teleomorph:
Va/sosp.)produced
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Unidentified64SubrSnijrytfut
Dapple apple
Dematophora root rot Rose//inia necatrix Prill.
erntopora
(aamoph:
ecarixtemperatures
(wesernwhit
earx66.
Deaohr
(aamrphg)
white
(etrno
roo ro) artg)canker
Scytinostromna ga/actinumn (Fr.) Donk
Eastern white
root rot
Erwtinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al
Fire blight
Corticiumn centrifugumn (L~v.) Bres.
Fish-eye rot
29.
lyseck
chiothviumpomi(Mot.: r.)69.
von Arx (anamorph: Zygophia/a
Fruit cracking
3 1. Fruit russet
32. Gray mold
650
Unidentified
Unidentified
Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker
et al) Conn
Gymnosporangium globosum Farl.
Hawthorn rust
High temperature
Hollow apple
Hypochnus leaf blight Pelliculariakoleroga Cke.
Internal bark necrosis Low pH and mineral nutrient imbalance
(measles)
Boron and calcium deficiencies, etc.
Internal browning
Unidentified
Jonathan spot
Leptosphaeria canker Leptosphaeriaconiothyrium (Fckl.)
Sacc. (anamorph: Coniothyrium
and fruit rot
ffickelii Sacc.)
Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.
Moldy core
Genetic
Narrow leaf
Nectria galligena Bres.
Nectria canker
Nectria cinnabarina(Tode: Fr.) Fr.
Nectria twig blight
Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Dagger, American Xiphinema a)ericanum Cobb
Hoplolaimus sp.
b. Lance
Paratylenchushamatus Thorne & Allen
c. Pin
Paratylenchusspp.
Criconemella spp.
d. Ring
Meloidogyne spp.
e. Root-knot*
f. Root lesion*
Pratylenchuspenetrans (Cobb)
Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhov
Pratylenchus spp.
g. Sheath
Hemicycliophora spp.
Helicotylenchus spp.
h. Spiral
Paratrichodorusminor (Colbran)
i. Stubby-root
Siddiqi
Paratrichodorusspp.
Tylenchorhynchus spp.
j. Stunt
Merlinius spp.
Mycosphaerellapomi (Pass.) Lindau
Phoma fruit spot
(Brook's fruit rot)
(anamorph: Phorapomi Pass.)
oma pom
(nmrhPh
)
fruitot
(rk
Phymatotrichum onnivorum
Phymatotrichum
(Shear) Dug.
root rot
(cotton root rot)
Cephalothecium roseum Cda.
Pink rot
(- Trichothecium roseum Lk.: Fr.)
Podosphaeraleucotricha (Ell. & Ev.)
Powdery mildew
Salm.
Gymnosporangium clavipes
Quince rust
(Cke. & Pk.) Cke. & Pk.
Unidentified
Ring spot
Genetic
Rosette
Phomopsis mali Roberts
Rough bark
Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.
Scab
(anamorph: Spilocaeapomi Fr.)
Septobasidium canker Septobasidium pedicillatum
(Berk. & Curt.) Pat.
Armillaria mellea (Vahl: Fr.)
Shoestring root rot
Kummer (_ Armillariellamellea
(oak root fungus)
(Vahl: Fr.) Karst.)
Phialophoramalorum (Kidd & Beaum.)
Side rot
34. Green mottle
35. Hairy root
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
62.
Silver leaf
Soft scald
Sooty blotch
63.
Storage scald
65.
Sunscald
60.
Superficial bark
and fruit rot
67.
Twig canker
68.
Variegation
McColloch
Stereum purpureum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr.
Low temperature storage
G/oeodespomigena (Schw.)
Colby
Injury to fruit surfaces by gases
by the fruit itself
Freezing of bark following high
in winter
Pezicula corticola (Jorg.) Nannf.
(anamorph: Cry'ptosporiopsis
cortico/a (Edgert.) Nannf.)
Monochaetia mna/i (Ell. & Ev.)
Sacc. & D. Sacc.
Chimaeral
Virus, mycoplasmalike (MLO), and uncharacterized grafttransmissible pathogen (GTP) diseases:
Genetic
Blister bark
b. Chat fruit
GTP
MLO
Frost, sprays, etc.
Botrm'tis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
Botrvtis spp.
c. Chlorotic leaf spot
d. False sting
e. Flat apple
Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus
Virus
Cherry rasp leaf virus
.irnienisMso)a.
30.
33. Green crinkle
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. B
f. Flat limb
(twisted limb)
g. Flute fruit
h. Fruit scurf
i. Leaf pucker
j. Mosaic
k. bark
Platycarpa scaly
bark
1. Proliferation
(witches' broom)
m. Ptule cnker
n. Rough skin
o. Rubbery wood
p. Russet ring
q. Scar skin
r. Spy lethal
s. Star crack
t. Stem grooving/graft
brow n line
u. union
Stem pitting
MLO
Apple stem pitting virus
Virus
Clover yellow mosaic virus
Prunus necrotic ringspot virus
Virus
MLO
V s
GTP
MLO
GT
GTP
Virus
GTP
Apple stem grooving virus
19. Shoestring crown
and root rot
(oak root fungus)
20. Shothole
(= Coryneum blight)
21. Silver leaf
(Pers.: Fr.) Fr.
22. Verticillium wilt
Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berth.
23. Virus and mycoplasmalike (MLO) diseases:
a. Apricot virus
Prune dwarf virus
gummosis
b. Apricot line
Prunus ringspot virus
pattern
c. Apricot ring pox
d. Blossom anomaly
e. Peach mosaic
f. Prunus stem
pittin g
stem
pitting
Virginia crab apple
stem pitting virus
iru
stempiting
v. Tulare apple mosaic Tulare apple mosaic virus
w. Union necrosis
Tomato ringspot virus
and decline
70. Water core
Overmaturity of the fruit
71. White heart rot
Various basidiomycetous fungi
*Common names of the nematode diseases of apple and of the nematodes
themselves.
Common name
1. Alternaria spot
and fruit rot
2. Apricot gumboil
3. Bacterial canker
and blast
4. Bacterial spot
5. Brown rot blossom
and twig blight
and fruit rot
6. Ceratocystis canker
7. Crown gall
8. Cytospora canker
9. Eutypa dieback
10. Green fruit rot
11.
Leaf rust
Pathogen or cause
jyellow
bud mosaic strain
*Common names of the nematode diseases of apricot and of the nematodes
themselves.
Azalea (Rhododendron sp.)
17.
18.
Rhizopus fruit rot
Scab
Common name
D. M. Benson, Primary Collator
1. Anthracnose
Alternariaahernata(Fr.) Keissl.
Pathogen or cause
Glomerella cingulata (Ston.)
9.
10.
Spauld. & Schrenk
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botrvotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Bud and twig blight
Briosia azaleae (Pk.) Dearn.
Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora handelii Bub.
(- C. rhododendriMarchal
& Verpl.)
Clitocybe root rot
Armillaria tabescens (Scop.: Fr.)
(mushroom root rot)
Dennis et al (- Clitocybe tabescens
(Scop.: Fr.) Bres.)
Cylindrocladium
Cylindrocladium scoparium Morgan
blight and root rot
C. floridanum Sobers & Seymour
C. theae (Petch) Subram.
Damping-off,
Pythium irregulare Buism.
Pythium
P. ultimum Trow
Damping-off,
Rhizoctonia solani Kuihn
Rhizoctonia
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Dodder
Cuscutagronoevii Willd.
Exobasidium leaf spot Exobasidium burtii Zeller
11.
12.
Leaf scorch
Leaf and flower gall
13.
Leaf rust
14.
Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Dagger, American
b. Pin
c. Root-knot*
d. Sheath
e. Spiral
2. Botrytis petal blight
Unknown (nontransmissible)
Pseudomonassyringae pv. syringae
van Hall
Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni
(Smith) Dye
Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.)
Honey
M.fructicola (Wint.) Honey
CeratocystisfimbriataEll. & Halst.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith
& Townsend) Conn
Cytospora leucostoma (Pers.) Sacc.
(teleomorph: Leucostoma persoonii
(Nits.) Hoehn.)
Eutypa ameniacae Hansf. & Carter
(anamorph: Cytosporinasp.)
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Scierotiniascierotiorum (Lib.) dBy.
Tranzschelia discolor (Fckl.)
Tranz. & Litv.
12.
Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Ring
b. Root-knot*
c. Root lesion*
13. Penicillium fruit rot
14. Phymatotrichum
root rot
(cotton root rot)
15. Phytophthora crown
and root rot
16. Powdery mildew
Apricot ring pox virus
MLO
Peach mosaic virus
Tomato ringspot virus,
pitting s t rai n
stem pitting strain
g. Ring spot
Prunus ringspot virus
h.Sharka (plum pox) Plum pox virus
i. X-disease
MLO
j. Yellow bud mosaic Tomato ringspot virus,
Apricot (Prunus armeniacaL.)
J. M. Ogawa, Primary Collator
Armillaria mellea (Vahl: Fr.)
Kummer (= Armillariellamellea
(Vahl: Fr.) Karst.)
Stigmina carpophila (L~v.) Ell.
(= Coryneum beyerinckii Oud.)
Stereum purpureum
Criconemella spp.
Meloidogyne spp.
Pratylenchus spp.
Penicillium expansumn Lk.
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
(Shear) Dug.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Phytophthora spp.
f. Stubby-root
Sphaerotheca pannosa
(Wallr.: Fr.) L~v.
Podosphaera tridactyla (Wallr.) dBy.
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehr.: Fr.)
Vuill.
R. circinans v. Tiegh.
R. arrhizus Fischer
Fusicladium carpophilum (Thuem.)
Oud. (= Cladosporium carpophilum
Thuem.)
15.
16.
g. Stunt
Ovulinia petal blight
Pestalotia leaf spot,
twig blight,
and crown rot
17. Phomopsis dieback
18. Phyllosticta leaf spot
19. Phytophthora blight
and dieback
Septoria azaleae Vogl.
Exobasidium azaleae Peck
(= E. vaccinii Wor.)
Pucciniastrum vaccinii (Wint.)
Joerst.
Xiphinema amnericanum Cobb
Paratylenchus curvitatus Springer
Meloidogyne spp.
Hemicycliophora spp.
Rotylenchus buxophilus Golden
R. robustus Rhuele
Paratrichodorusminor (Colbran)
Siddiqi
Tylenchorhynchus claytoni Steiner
Ovulinia azaeae Weiss
Pestalotiarhododendri Guba
Phomopsis sp.
Phyllosticta sp.
Phytophthoranicotianae B. de Haan
var. parasitica(Dast.) Waterh.
Plant Disease/August 1985
651
20. Phytophthora root rot Phytophthoracinnamomi Rands
and wilt
Erysiphepolygoni DC.
21. Powdery mildew
Microsphaerapenicillata
(Wallr.: Fr.) Lav.
Armillaria mellea (Vahl: Fr.)
22. Shoestring root rot
Kummer (= Armillariellamellea
(oak root fungus)
(Vahl: Fr.) Karst.)
Monilinia azaleae Honey
23. Twig blight
Rhizoctonia solani Kuihn
24. Web blight
Unknown etiology
25. Witches' broom
c. Root-knot*
d. Root lesion*
e. Stunt
18. Powdery mildew
19. Root rot, common
(also crown rot
and seedling blight)
*Common name of a nematode disease of azalea and of the nematode itself.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Bowden)
20. Root rot, Pythium
Richard L. Kiesling, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Anthracnose
2. Aster yellows
3. Barley stripe
4. Black chaff and
bacterial streak
5. Blotch, net
6. Blotch,
Septoria avenae
7. Blotch,
Septoria nodorum
8. Blotch,
Septoria passerinii
9.
Blotch, spot
Pathogen or cause
Colletotrichum graminicola(Ces.)
G. W. Wils. (teleomorph:
Glomerella graminicola Politis)
Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)
Pyrenophoragraminea Ito & Kurib.
(anamorph: Drechslera graminea
(Rabenh.) Shoemaker,
= Helminthosporiumgramineum
Rabenh.)
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
translucens (Jones et al) Dye
Pyrenophorateres Drechs. (anamorph:
Drechslera teres (Sacc.)
Shoemaker, = Helminthosporium
teres Sacc.)
Leptosphaeriaavenaria Weber f. sp.
triticea(anamorph: Septoria
avenae Frank f. sp. triticea)
Leptosphaeria nodorum E. Mifller
(anamorph: Septoria nodorum
(Berk.) Berk.)
Mycosphaerellagraminicola (Fckl.)
Schroet. (anamorph: Septoria
passeriniiSacc.)
Cochliobolussativus (Ito & Kurib.
Rot, basal glume
21.
22. Rust, leaf
23. Rust, stem
24. Rust, stripe
25. Scab (head blight)
26. Scald
27.
28.
29.
30.
Smut, covered
Smut, loose
Smut, semiloose
Snow mold, pink
(Fusarium patch)
31.
Snow mold,
speckled or gray
(Typhula blight)
10. Downy mildew
11. Dwarf bunt
12. Ergot
13.
Eyespot
14.
Eyespot, sharp,
and Rhizoctonia
root rot
15. Kernel blight,
bacterial
16. Kernel blight
(black point)
17.
Pseudocercosporellaherpotrichoides
(Fron) Deighton
Rhizoctonia cerealis v. d. Hoeven
in Boerema & Verhoeven
(teleomorph: Ceratobasidium sp.)
R. solani Kuihn (teleomorph"
Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank)
Donk)
36. Stripe,
Cephalosporium
37. Take-all
Subanguina radicicola(Greeff)
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
idahoensis (Remsb.) Arsvoll
& Smith
T. ishikariensisImai var.
ishikariensis
Myriosclerotinia borealis (Bub.
& Vleug.) Kohn (= Sclerotinia
borealis Bub. & Vleug.)
Selenophoma donacis (Pass.)
Sprague & A. G. Johnson
Unknown
Pseudomonas syringae pv.
striafaciens (Elliott)
Young et al
Cephalosporium gramineum Nisik.
& Ikata
Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.)
von Arx & Olivier var. tritici
Walker (= Ophiobolus graminis
van Hall
H. latipons Franklin
652
34. Spot,
physiological leaf
35. Stripe, bacterial
Sacc.)
Alternaria spp.
Nematodes (parasitic):
Heterodera avenae Wollenweber
a. Cereal cyst
H. hordecalis Andersson
b. Root-gall
32. Snow scald
(Sclerotinia
snow mold)
33. Spot, halo
Pseudomonassyringae pv. syringae
Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kurib.
in Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dast.
(anamorph: Bipolaris sorokiniana
(Sacc. in Sorok.) Shoemaker,
=Helminthosporium sativum
Pam. et al)
Fusariumn spp.
Pseudomonas atrofaciens (McCulloch)
Stevens
Puccinia hordei Otth
Pucciniagraminis Pers. f. sp.
tritici
P. graminis Pers. f. sp. secalis
Puccinia striiformis Westend.
Fusariumgraminearum Schwabe
Fusarium spp.
Rhynchosporium secalis (Oud.)
J. J. Davis
Ustilago hordei (Pers.) Lagerh.
Ustilago nuda (Jensen) Rostr.
Ustilago nigra Tapke
Fusarium nivale Ces. ex Sacc.
(= Microdochium nivalis (Fr.)
Samuel & Hallett, - Gerlachia
nivalis (Ces. ex Sacc.) W. Gams
& E. Miller) (teleomorph:
Monographellanivalis (Schaffnit)
E. Milller)
Typhula incarnata Lasch: Fr.
T ishikariensis Imai var.
canadensis Smith & Arsvoll
T ishikariensisImai var.
in Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dast.
(anamorph: Bipolarissorokiniana
(Sacc. in Sorok.) Shoemaker,
= Helminthosporium sativum
Pam. et al)
Sclerophthoramacrospora (Sacc.)
Thirum. et al (= Sclerospora
macrospora Sacc.)
Tilletia controversa Kfihn
Clavicepspurpurea(Fr.) Tul.
Paramo..ov
Meloidogyne naasi Franklin
Meloidogyne spp.
Pratylenchus spp.
Merlinius brevidens (Allen) Siddiqi
Erysiphe graminis DC.: Fr.
f. sp. hordei
Bipolarissorokiniana(Sacc.
in Sorok.) Shoemaker
(- Helmrinthosporiumsativum
Pam. et al)
Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Sm.)
Sacc. (= F. roseum Lk.: Fr.
f. sp. cerealis 'culmorum')
F. graminearum Schwabe
(teleomorph: Gibberellazeae
(Schweinitz) Petch)
Pythium arrhenomanes Drechs.
(= P. arrhenomanesvar. canadense
Van & Trusc.)
P. graminicola Subram.
Pythium spp.
38. Virus diseases:
a. Blue dwarf
b. Brome mosaic
c. Hordeum mosaic
d. Stripe mosaic
e. Wheat soilborne
mosaic
f. Wheat streak
g. Yellow dwarf
Oat blue dwarf virus
Brome mosaic virus
Hordeum mosaic virus
Barley stripe mosaic virus
Wheat soilborne mosaic virus
Wheat streak mosaic virus
Barley yellow dwarf virus
*Common names of the nematode diseases of barley and of the nematodes
themselves.
Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
e. Red node
f. Southern mosaic
g. Tobacco ringspot
Axel L. Anderson, Primary Collator
Common name
Pathogen or cause
1. Alternaria leaf spot
Alternariafasciculata(Cke. & Ell.)
L. R. Jones & Grout
2. Angular leaf spot
Isariopsisgriseola Sacc.
3. Anthracnose
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc.
& Magn.) Briosi & Cav.
4. Ascochyta leaf spot
Ascochyta boltshauseri Sacc.
5. Bacterial brown spot Pseudomonassyringae van Hall
6. Bacterial wilt
Curtobacteriumflaccumfaciens
(Hedges) Collins & Jones
(= Corynebacteriumflaccumfaciens
(Hedges) Dowson)
7. Bald head
Mechanical injury to seed
8. Black root rot
Thielaviopsis basicola
(Berk. & Br.) Ferr.
(synanamorph: Chalaraelegans
Nag Raj & Kendrick)
9. Bronzing
Ozone air pollution
10. Cercospora leaf blotch Cercospora cruenta Sacc.
11. Charcoal rot
Macrophominaphaseolina (Tassi)
(ashy stem blight)
G. Goid.
12. Common blight
Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli
(Smith) Dye
13. Damping-off and stem Rhizoctonia solani Kfihn
rot, Rhizoctonia
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
14. Damping-off, Pythium Pythium spp.
15. Downy mildew
PhytophthoraparasiticaDast.
16. Downy mildew
Phytophthoraphaseoli Thaxt.
(of lima)
17. Fusarium root rot
Fusarium solani(Mart.) Appel & Wr.
f. sp. phaseoli
18. Fusarium yellows
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.
f. sp. phaseoli
19. Fuscous blight
Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli
(Smith) Dye
20. Gray mold
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
21. Halo blight
Pseudomonassyringae
pv. phaseolicola (Burkholder)
Young et al
22. Manganese deficiency
......
23. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Awl
Dolichodorus spp.
b. Cyst
Heterodoraspp.
c. Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Cobb
d. Pin
Paratylenchusspp.
e. Root-knot*
Meloidogyne spp.
f. Root lesion*
Pratylenchuspenetrans (Cobb)
Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven
g. Spiral
h. Sting
i. Stubby-root
j. Stunt
24.
25.
Phyllosticta leaf spot
Phymatotrichum
root rot
(cotton root rot)
26. Powdery mildew
27. Pythium blight
28.
29.
Pratylenchusspp.
Helicotylenchus spp.
Be/onolaimus longicaudatus Rau
Belonolaimus spp.
Paratrichodorusspp.
Tylenchorhynchus spp.
Merlinius spp.
Phyllostictaphaseolina Sacc.
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
(Shear) Dug.
Erysiphe polygoni DC.
Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson)
Fitzp.
Pythium root rot
Pythium spp.24Podrmidw
Rust
Uromycesphaseoli (Reben.) Wint.
var.typca
oten lgt
Slr.otyica
va
ArthsiSc.
30(Suhenblgtlcerotimorpf:theSaccofsi
31tersleomoes(C
rph:
Atheiabroufgh)
31 Viu
"iess
a. Common mosaic
b. Curly top
c. Peanut stunt
d. Pod mottle
Cri
u&Kmruh
Bean common mosaic virus
Beet curly top virus
Peanut stunt virus
Bean pod mottle virus
h. Yellow mosaic
32. Web blight
33 White mold
Tobacco streak virus
Bean southern mosaic virus
Tobacco ringspot virus
Bean yellow mosaic virus
Rhizoctonia solani KUhn
Scierotinia sclerotiorum
(Sclerotinia rot)
(Lib.) dBy.
34. Zinc deficiency
*Common names of the nematode diseases of beans and of the nematodes
themselves.
Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
B
Common name
Earl G. Ruppel, Primary Collator
Pathogen or cause
1. Alternaria leaf spot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc.
A. alternata(Fr.) Keissl.
Aphanomyces root rot Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechs.
Bacterial blight
Pseudomonas syringae van Hall
Bacterial pocket
Xanthomonas beticola (Smith et al)
Savulescu
Bacterial vascular
Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Bergey
necrosis
et al subsp. betavasculorum
Thomson et al
Black wood vessel
Pythium irregulare Buis.
Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora beticola Sacc.
Charcoal rot
Macrophominaphaseolina (Tassi)
G. Goid.
Crown gall
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(Smith & Townsend) Conn
Damping-off,
Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechs.
Aphanomyces
Damping-off
Pleosporabjoerlingii Byford
and root rot, Phoma
(anamorph: Phoma betae Frank)
Damping-off,
Pythium aphanidermatum(Edson) Fitzp.
Pythium
P. debaryanum Hesse
P. ultimum Trow
Damping-off,
Rhizoctonia solani Kuihn
crown and root rot,
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
and foliar blight,
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Rhizoctonia
Docking disorder
Longidorus spp.
and Paratrichodorusspp.
Downy mildew
Peronosporafarinosa(Fr.) Fr.
f. sp. betae
Fusarium yellows
Fusariumoxysporum Schlecht.
f. sp. betae
Heart rot
Boron deficiency
Leaf gall
Urophlyctis leproides (Trabut) Magn.
Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Bulb and stem
Ditylenchus dipsaci (KUhn) Filipjev
b. Cyst (sugar beet)
Heteroderaschachtii Schmidt
c. False root-knot*
Nacobbus
d.
e.
f.
g.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Needle
Root-knot*
Root lesion*
Stubby-root
Phoma leaf spot
Phymatotrichum
root rot
(cotton root rot)
Phytophthora wet rot
Pythium wet rot
2.Pweymle
Ath.(Vanha)
25. Pythium root rot
26. Ramularia leaf spot
27. Rhizopus root rot
28.
29.
Rust
Scab
aberrans (Thorne)
Thorne & Allen
Longidorus spp.
Meloidogyne spp.
Pratylenchus spp.
Paratrichodorusminor (Colbran)
Siddiqi
Paratrichodorusspp.
Phoma betae Frank
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
(Shear) Dug.
Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker
Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp.
Eyph
olgnDC(=.bea
rspeoyoiD.(E
ea
Weltz.)
Pythium aphanidermatum(Edson) Fitzp.
Ramularia beticola Fautr. & Lambotte
Rhizopus arrhizus Fischer
R. oryzae Wenit & Prin.-Geerl.
R. stolonifer (Ehr.: Fr.) Vuill.
Uromyces betae Tul. ex Kickx.
Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter)
Waksman & Henrici
Plant Disease/August 1985
653
30. Sclerotinia crown
and root rot
31. Seedling rust
32. Silvering disease
33. Southern blight
(Sclerotium root rot)
34. Storage rot,
Botrytis
35. Storage rot,
Penicillium
36. Storage rot,
Phoma
37. Verticillium wilt
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) dBy.
Puccinia subnitens Diet.
Curtobacteriumrflaccumfaciens
pv. betae (Hedges) Collins
& Jones (- Corynebacterium
betae Keyworth et al)
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
(teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
Botrvtis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Penicillium claviforme Bainier
P. cyclopium Westling
P.funiculosum Thorn
P. variabile Sopp
Phoma betae Frank
Verticillium albo-atrum
Reinke & Berth.
Helicobasidiumpurpureum Pat.
38. Violet root rot
(anamorph: Rhizoctonia crocorum
(Pers.: Fr.) DC.)
39. Virus and viroid diseases:
Alfalfa mosaic virus
a. Alfalfa mosaic
Suspected virus
b. Beet crinkle
Beet curly top virus
c. Beet curly top
Beet mosaic virus
d. Beet mosaic
Suspected virus
e. Beet savoy
Beet yellow net virus
f. Beet yellow net
Suspected virus
g. Beet yellow vein
Beet western yellows virus
h. Beet yellows
Beet yellows virus
Cucumber mosaic virus
i. Cucumber mosaic
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus
j. Rhizomania
(fungal vector: Polymyxa betae
Keskin)
Yellow wilt spiroplasma
40. Yellow wilt
*Common names of the nematode diseases of beet and of the nematodes
themselves.
Caneberries (Rubus spp.)
R. H. Converse, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Anthracnose
2. Bacterial blight
3. Blackberry leaf
and cane spot
4. Black rot
5. Blotch
6. Blue mold fruit rot
7. Brown berry disease
(of black raspberry)
8. Cane and leaf rust
9. Cane blight
10. Crown gall
11. Crumbly berries
12.
Downy mildew
13. Dryberry disease
(of loganberry)
14.
15.
Fasciation
Fire blight
16.
Fruit rots
654
Pathogen or cause
Elsino'g veneta (Burkh.) Jenkins
Pseudomonas syringae van Hall
Septoria rubi West. (teleomorph:
Mycosphaerella rubi Roark)
Phyllostictinacarpogena Shear
confusa Wolf
Mycosphaerel/a
(anamorph: Cercospora rubi Sacc.)
Penicillium spp.
Cause unknown
Kuehneola uredinis (Lk.) Arth.
Leptosphaeria coniothyrium (Fckl.)
Sacc. (anamorph: Coniothyrium
fuckelii Sacc.)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith
& Townsend) Conn
Various causes: Pollination,
genetic, virus, insect,
nutrition, winter injury,
water relations
Peronosporarubi Rabenh.
P. potentillae dBy.
Phyllocoptes gracilis (Nalepa)
(dryberry mite)
and Rhizoctonia rub/ Mc Keen
Cause unknown
Erwin/a amylovora (Burrill) Winslow
et al f. sp. rubi
Alternaria spp.
Cladospor/um spp.
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
17. Gray mold
18. Late leaf rust
19.
Leaf spots
Mucor spp.
Rhizopus spp.
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotiniafuckeliana
(dBy.) Whetz.)
Pucciniastrum americanum
(Farl.) Arth.
Sphaerulina rubi Demaree & M. S.
Wilcox (anamorph: Cylindrosporium
rubi Ell. & Morg.)
Mycosphaerellaspp.
Pezizella oenotherae (Cke. & Ell.)
Sacc. (anamorph: Hainesia lythri
(Desm.) Hoehn.)
Phyllosticta spp.
20. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Cobb
Xiphinema bakeri Williams
b. Dagger
X. rivesi Dalmasso
Pratylenchus spp.
c. Root lesion*
Sphaerothecahumuli (DC.) Burr.
21. Powdery mildew
Acalitus essigi (Hassan)
22. Redberry disease
(redberry mite)
Collybia dryophila (Bull.: Fr.)
23. Root rots
Kummer
Cylindrocarpon radicicola
(McAlp.) Wr.
Fusarium spp.
Helicobasidiumpurpureum Pat.
(anamorph: Rhizoctonia crocorum
(Pers.: Fr.) DC.)
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
(Shear) Dug.
Pythium spp.
Rhizoctonia spp.
Cercosporella rubi (Wint.) Plakidas
24. Rosette
Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)
25. Rubus stuntt
Gymnoconia peckiana (Howe) Trott.
26. Rust, orange
(= Kunkelia nitens (Schw.) Arth.)
Armillaria mellea (Vahl: Fr.)
27. Shoestring root rot
Kummer ( Armillariella me/lea
(oak root fungus)
(Vahl: Fr.) Karst.)
Didymella applanata (Niessl)
28. Spur blight
Sacc. (anamorph: Phoma sp.)
Hapalosphaeriadeformans Syd.
29. Stamen blight
Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
30. Verticillium wilt
V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berth.
31. Virus diseases:
a. American rubus
ringspot
b. Blackberry calico
c. Blackberry dwarf
d. Blackberry
sterility disease
e. Black raspberry
latent virus
disease
f. Blackberry
raspberry streak
g. Cherry leaf roll
virus diseaset
h. Loganberry calico
i. Raspberry
bushy dwarf
j. Raspberry
leaf curl
k. Raspberry mosaic
(virus complex)
Tomato ringspot virus
(nematode vector: Xiphinema
rivesi Dalmasso)
Virus suspected
Virus suspected
Virus suspected
Black raspberry latent virus
Virus suspected
Cherry leaf roll virus
Virus suspected
Raspberry bushy dwarf virus
Bacilliform virus(es)
Black raspberry necrosis virus,
rubus yellow-net (bacilliform)
virus, raspberry leaf spot
(probable virus), raspberry
leaf mottle (probable virus)*
1. Raspberry ringspott Raspberry ringspot virus
and tomato blackring virus
Raspberry vein chlorosis
m. Raspberry
(bacilliform) virus
vein chlorosis
Arabis mosaic virus
n. Raspberry yellow
dwarft•
o. Raspberry yellows Viruses suspected (may include
raspberry bushy dwarf virus)
diseaset
p. Red raspberry
calico
q. Strawberry latent
ringspot virus
(in Rubus)t
r. Tobacco ringspot
virus disease
s. Tobacco streak
virus disease
t. Yellow mosaic
diseaset
32. Wet soil root rot
33. Yellow rust
Virus suspected
Strawberry latent ringspot virus
Tobacco ringspot virus
Tobacco streak virus
A potyvirus
Phytophthoraerythroseptica Pethyb.
Pythophthoraspp.
Phragmidiumrubi-idaei(DC.) Karst.
*Common name of a nematode disease of caneberries and of the nematode itself,
tNot known to occur naturally on caneberries in the United States of America at
23. Rust
Uromyces dianthi(Pers.) Niessl
24. Sclerotinia flower rot Sclerotiniasclerotiorum (Lib.) dBy.
25. Southern blight
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
(teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
26. Virus diseases:
a. Etched ring
Carnation etched ring virus
b. Latent
Carnation latent virus
c. Mottle
Carnation mottle virus
d. Necrotic fleck
Carnation necrotic fleck virus
e. Ring spot
Carnation ringspot virus
f. Streak
Carnation streak virus
g. Vein mottle
Carnation vein mottle virus
*Common names of the nematode diseases of carnation and of the nematodes
themselves.
the time this list was prepared.
Celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce
(Miller) Pers.)
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
Raymond W. Schneider, Primary Collator
Arthur H. McCain, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Alternaria blight
2. Anther smut
3. Bacterial leaf spot
4. Bacterial wilt
5. Bacterial slow wilt
6. Calyx rot
7. Charcoal rot
8. Crown gall
9. Downy mildew
10. Fasciation
11. Fairy-ring leaf spot
12. Fusarium bud rot
13. Fusarium stem rot
14. Fusarium wilt
15. Gray mold
16. Greasy blotch
a. Cyst
b. Lance
c. Pin
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Pathogen or cause
Alternaria dianthi Stev. & Hall
A. dianthicola Neerg.
Ustilago violacea Roussel
Pseudomonas woodsii (Smith) Stevens
Pseudomonas caryophylli (Burkholder)
Starr & Burkholder
Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder,
McFadden & Dimock
Stemphylium botryosum Wallr.
(teleomorph: Pleosporaherbarum
(Fr.) Rabenh.)
Macrophominaphaseolina(Tassi)
G. Goid.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith
& Townsend) Conn
Peronosporadianthicola Barthelet
Rhodococcus rubropertinctus
(Hefferan) Goodfellow & Alderson
(Heferan Goofelow
&Aldeson13.
(= Corynebacteriumfascians (Tilford)
Dowson)
(anamorph
Didymellina dianthi Burt (anamorph:
Cladosporiumechinulatum (Berk:)
de Vries)
Fusariumtricinctum (Cda.) Sacc.
Fusariumgraminearum Schwabe
(= F. roseum Lk.: Fr. f. sp.
cerealis 'graminearum')
(teleomorph: Gibberella zeae
(Schweinitz) Petch)
Fusarium
oxysporum Schlecht.
f. sp. dianthi
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Zygophialajamaicensis Mason
(tloop"Schizothyrium
(tlomi(orph: F.yoAr)19.
pomiN(Mont.:sFr.)rvontArx)
Heterodera trifolii Goffart
Hoplolaimus spp
Paratylenchushamatus Thorne & Allen
d. inCicnemll sp.c.
e. Root-knot*
Meloidogyne spp.
f. Root lesion*
Pratylenchusspp
Phialophora wilt
Phialophoracinerescens (Wr.)
van Beyma
Phymatotrichum
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
root rot
(Shear) Dug.
(cotton root rot)thmevs
Pythium root rot
Pythium ultimum Trow
Phytophthora wilt
PhytophthoraparasiticaDast.
Rhizoctonia stem rot Rhizoctonia so/ani Kiihn
(teleomorph" Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Common name
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pathogen or cause
Alternaria leaf spot
Anthracnose
Bacterial blight
Bacterial leaf spot
Bacterial soft rot
6. Blackheart
7. Cracked stem
(pencil stripe)
8. Crater rot
and damping-off,
Rhizoctonia
9. Early blight
10. Fusarium yellows
(wilt)
11. Gray mold blight
Alternaria sp.
Colletotrichum sp.
Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp
Pseudomonas apii Jagger
Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora
(Jones) Bergey et al
Calcium deficiency
Boron deficiency
Rhizoctonia solani Kuihn
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Cercosporaapii Fres.
Fusariumoxysporum Schlecht.
f. sp. apii
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
12. Late blight
Septoria apiicola Speg.
Nematodes (parasitic):
1.Nmtds(aaii)
a. Awl
Dolichodorus heterocephalus Cobb
Dolichodorus
spp.
Cyst
Heterodera spp.
c. Dagger
d. Pin
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
20.
Xiphinema spp.
Paratylenchus hamatus Thorne & Allen
Paratylenchusspp.
Meloidogyne spp.
Pratylenchus spp.
Belonolaimus spp.
Paratrichodorusspp.
Phoma apiicola Kleb.
e. Root-knot*
f. Root lesion*
g. Sting
h. Stubby-root
Phoma root
and crown rot
Pythium damping-off Pythium debaryanum Hesse
and root rot
Pythium spp.
Red root
Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel & Wr.
Sclerotinia pink rot
Scierotinia scierotiorum (Lib.) dBy.
Sclerotinia foot rot
Scierotinia minor Jagger
Stemphylium leaf spot Stemphylium ramulosum Sacc.
Virus and mycoplasmalike (MLO) diseases:
a. Aster yellows
b. Calico
M LO
Alfalfa mosaic virus
and other viruses
Celery mosaic
Celery mosaic virus
d ul o
iu
e. Ring spot
Celery ringspot and hemlock
fSotenmsi
Cumbrinmsosiacviuse
f otenmsi
uubrmsa
iu
g. Spotted wilt
Tomato spotted wilt virus
*Common names of the nematode diseases of celery and of the nematodes
(Common names continued on next page)
Plant Disease/August 1985
655
Chrysanthemum
Cherry (Prunus spp.)
Common name
1. Alternaria rot
2. Bacterial canker
3. Black knot
4. Black mold rot
5. Blue mold rot
6. Brown rot blossom
blight and fruit rot
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Cherry leaf spot
Cladosporium rot
Collar rot
Crinkle
Crown gall
12. Cytospora canker
13. Dead bud
14. Gray mold rot
15. Leaf rust
Pathogen or cause
Alternaria sp.
Pseudomonas syringae van Hall
Dibotryon morbosum (Schw.)
Theiss. & Syd.
Aspergillus niger v. Tiegh.
Penicillium expansum Lk.
Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.)
Honey
M..fructicola (Wint.) Honey
Coccomyces hiemalis Higgins
Cladosporiumherbarum Lk.: Fr.
Phytophthora spp.
Genetic
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith
& Townsend) Conn
Cytospora leucostoma (Pers.) Sacc.
(teleomorph: Leucostoma persoonii
(Nits.) Hoehn.)
Pseudomonas syringae van Hall
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotiniafuckeliana
(dBy.) Whetz.)
Tranzschelia discolor (Fckl.) Tranz.
& Litv.
T. pruni-spinosae(Pers.) Diet.
16. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Cystoid
b. Dagger, American
c. Ring
d. Root-knot*
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Meloidodera spp.
Xiphinema americanum Cobb
Criconemella spp.
Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood
Meloidogyne spp.
Pratylenchuspenetrans (Cobb)
e. Root lesion*
Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven
P. vulnus Allen & Jensen
Pratylenchusspp.
Helicotylenchus spp.
f. Spiral
Podosphaeraclandestina
Powdery mildew
(Wallr.: Fr.) Lev.
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehr.: Fr.)
Rhizopus rot
Vuill.
Armillaria mellea (Vahl: Fr.)
Shoestring root rot
Kummer (= Armillariella mellea
(oak root fungus)
(Vahl: Fr.) Karst.)
Stigmina carpophila (Lev.) Ell.
Shothole
( Coryneum beyerinckii Oud.)
( Coryneum blight)
Stereum purpreum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr.
Silver leaf
Verticillium albo-atrum
Verticillium wilt
Reinke & Berth.
V. dahliae Kleb.
Virus, mycoplasmalike (MLO), and uncharacterized grafttransmissible pathogen (GTP) diseases:
GTP
a.
b. Black
Green canker
ring mottle
GTP virus suspected
(of sour cherry)
GTP
c. Little cherry
GTP
d. Mottle leaf
e. Necrotic rusty mottleGTP
GTP
f. Pink fruit
Prunus ringspot virus
g. Prunus ringspot
Cherry rasp leaf virus
h. Rasp leaf
Cherry rugose mosaic virus
i. Rugose
GTP
j. Rusty mottle
GTP
k. Short stem
1. Sour cherry yellows Prunus dwarf virus
(ringspot and
tatterleaf on
sweet cherry)
GTP
m. Spur cherry
Tomato ringspot virus
n. Stem pitting
GTP
o. Twisted leaf
MLO (a spiroplasma)
p. X-disease
(cherry buckskin)
Taphrina cerasi (Fckl.) Sadeb.
24. Witches' broom
*Common names of the nematode diseases of cherry and of the nematodes
themselves.
656
(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
Arthur H. McCain, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Alternaria leaf spot
2. Alternara light
2. Ascochyta blight
3. Aster yellows
4. Bacterial blight
5.
6.
7.
8.
Bacterial leaf spot
Bipolaris leaf spot
Cercospora leaf spot
Charcoal stem rot
9. Crown gall
10. Cylindrosporium
leaf spot
11. Fasciation
12. Fusarium wilt
13. Gray mold
Pathogen or cause
Alternaria sp.
Alt
ernarsp.
a
Mycosphaerella ligulicola
Baker et al (anamorph: Ascochyta
chrysanthemi Stev.)
Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)
Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder,
McFadden & Dimock
Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp
Bipolaris setariae(Saw.) Shoemaker
Cercosporachrysanthemi Heald & Wolf
Macrophominaphaseolina (Tassi)
G. Goid.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith
& Townsend) Conn
Cylindrosporium chrysanthemi
Ell. & Dearn.
Rhodococcus rubropertinctus
(Hefferan) Goodfellow & Alderson
(= Corynebacteriumfascians(Tilford)
Dowson)
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.
f. sp. chrysanthemi
F. oxysporum Schlecht.
f. sp. tracheiphilum race 1
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Itersoniliaperplexans Derx
14. Itersonilia
petal blight
15. Nematodes (parasitic):
Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi
a. Bud and leaf
(Schwartz) Steiner & Buhrer
Meloidogyne spp.
b. Root-knot*
Pratylenchuspratensis(de Man)
c. Root-lesion*
Filipjev
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
16. Phymatotrichum
(Shear) Dug.
root rot
(cotton root rot)
Erysiphe cichoracearum DC.
17. Powdery mildew
Pythium ultimum Trow
18. Pythium root rot
Pythium spp.
Stemphyliumfloridanum Hannon
19. Ray speck
& G. F. Weber
20. Rhizoctonia stem rot Rhizoctonia solani Kfihn
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Phoma chrysanthemicola Hollos
21. Root rot
Puccinia chrysanthemi Roze
22. Rust
Septoria chrysanthemi Allesch.
23. Septoria leaf spot
24. Sclerotinia rot
Sc/erotinia sclerotorum (Lib.) dBy.
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
(teleomorph: A the/ia rolfsii
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
Fusariumso/ani (Mart.) Appel & Wr.
26. Stem rot
Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp
27. Stem necrosis
Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
28. Verticillium wilt
V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berth.
29. Virus and viroid diseases:
Tomato aspermy virus
a. Aspermy
Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid
b. Chlorotic mottle
Chrysanthemum mosaic virus
c. Mosaic
Tomato spotted wilt virus
d. Spotted wilt
Chrysanthemum stunt viroid
e. Stunt
Pucciniahoriana P. Henn.
30. White rust
25.
Southern blight
*Common names of the nematode diseases of chrysanthemum and of the
nematodes themselves.
Citrus (Citrus spp.)
E. C. Calavan, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Albinism
2. Algal spot
3. Alternaria leaf
and fruit spot
4. Alternaria stem-end
rot
5. Anthracnose
6. Black pit (fruit)
7. Black root rot
8.
9.
10.
11.
41.
Lemon sieve-tube
necrosis
42. Leprosis
Pathogen or cause
Aspergillusflavus Lk.: Fr.
Cephaleurosvirescens Kunze
(= C. mycoidea Karst.)
Alternaria citri Ell. & Pierce
43. Lime anthracnose
44. Lime blotch
(wood pocket)
45. Mal secco
Alternaria citri Ell. & Pierce
Glomerella cingulata(Ston.)
Spauld. & Schrenk (anamorph:
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
(Penz.) Sacc.)
46. Melanose
Pseudomonas syringae van Hall
Thielaviopsisbasicola (Berk. & Br.)
Ferr. (synanamorph: Chalara
elegans Nag Raj & Kendrick)
Alternaria citri Ell. & Pierce
GuignardiacitricarpaKiely
Pseudomonassyringae van Hall
Unknown
48. Mesophyll collapse
49. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Burrowing
b. Citrus
c. Dagger
d. Needle
e. Root-knot*
f. Root lesion*
g. Sheath
Black rot
Black spot
Blast
Blight (young tree
decline, rough
lemon decline)
12. Blind-pocket psorosis Graft-transmissible pathogen
13. Blue mold
Penicillium italicum Wehmer
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
14. Botrytis blossom
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
and twig blight
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
15. Brown rot (fruit)
Phytophthoracitrophthora (R. E. Sm.
& E. H. Sm.) Leonian
P. hibernalis Carme
P.parasitica Dast.
P. syringae (Kleb.) Kleb.
16. Bud union
Genetic
incompatibility
17. Cachexia
Graft-transmissible pathogen
18. Canker
Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri
(Hasse) Dye
19. Cercospora leaf
Cercosporaangolensis Carv. & Mendes
and fruit spot
Cercosporaspp.
20. Citrus slump
Pratylenchus coffeae (Zimmerman)
Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven
21. Clitocybe root rot
Armillaria tabescens (Scop.: Fr.)
(mushroom root rot)
Dennis et al (= Clitocybe
tabescens (Scop.: Fr.) Bres.)
22. Concave gum
Graft-transmissible pathogen
23. Creasing
Physiological
24. Cristacortis
Graft-transmissible pathogen
25. Damping-off
Rhizoctonia solani Kuihn
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
26. Diplodia gummosis
Physalosporarhodina (Berk. & Curt.)
and stem-end rot
Cke. (anamorph: Diplodia
natalensis Pole-Evans)
27. Dodder
Cuscuta spp
28. Dothiorella gummosis Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.: Fr.)
Ces. & de Not. (anamorph:
Dothiorella gregaria Sacc.)
29. Dry root rot
Fusarium sp. and other
complex
wound-incurring agents
30. Endoexerosis
Physiological
31. Fusarium rot
Fusariumspp
32. Fusarium wilt
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.
33. Granulation
Physiological
34. Gray mold (fruit)
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
35. Greasy spot
Mycosphaerel/a citri Whiteside
and greasy spot
(anamorph: Cercosporacitri
rind blotch
grisea Fisher)
36.
reeingFasidius
wlle prkaroteand
36.
reeingFasidius wlle prkarote78.
37. Green mold
Penici/lium digitatum Sacc.
38. Heart rot
Ganoderma sessile Murrill
G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat.
and other basidiomycetes
39. Hendersonula branch Hendersonula toru/oidea Nattrass
wilt
40. Impietratura
Graft-transmissible pathogen
47. Membranous stain
Unknown, but hereditary
Graft-transmissible agent,
associated with Brevipalpus spp.
mites
Gloeosporium limetticola Clausen
Inherited chimeral agent
Phoma tracheiphila(Petri)
Kentschaveli & Gikachvili
(= Deuterophoma tracheiphila
Petri)
Diaporthe medusaea Nits.
(= D. citri Wolf) (anamorph:
Phomopsis citri Fawc.)
Cold temperatures
Unknown
Radopholus citrophilus n. sp.
Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb
Xiphinema spp.
Longidorus spp.
Meloidogyne spp.
Pratylenchus spp.
Hemicycliophora arenaria Raski
Hemicycliophora spp.
h. Sting
Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau
i. Stubby-root
Paratrichodorusspp.
Tylenchorhynchus spp.
j. Stunt
50. Oleocellosis
Physiological
51. Phomopsis stem-end Diaporthemedusaea Nits.
(= D. citri Wolf)
rot
52. Phytophthora
Phytophthoracitrophthora (R. E. Sm.
foot rot, gummosis,
& E. H. Sm.) Leonian
and root rot
P. hibernalis Carne
P.parasitica Dast.
P. syringae (Kleb.) Kleb.
53. Pink disease
Corticium salmonicolor Berk. & Br.
54. Postbloom fruit drop Glomerella cingulata (Ston.)
disease
Spauld. & Schrenk
55. Psorosis
Graft-transmissible pathogen
56. Rind breakdown
Physiological
57. Rind staining
Physiological
58. Rind stipple
Environmental
of grapefruit
59. Rio Grande gummosis Unknown
60. Robinson dieback
Unknown
61. Rumple
Unknown
62. Scab
Elsino~fawcettii Bitanc. & Jenkins
63. Sclerotinia
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) dBy.
twig blight, fruit rot,
and root rot
64. Septoria spot
Septoria citri Pass.
65. Shell bark complex
Unknown
66. Shoestring root rot
Armillaria mellea (Vahl: Fr.)
(oak root fungus)
Kummer (= Armi/lariella melea
(Vahl: Fr.) Karst.)
67. Slow decline
Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb
68. Sooty blotch
G/oeodes pomigena (Schw.) Colby
69. Sooty mold
Capnodium citri Berk. & Desm.
C. citricola McAlp.
70. Sour rot
Geotrichum candidum Lk.
(= Oospnora lactis (Fres.) Sacc.)
71. Spreading decline
Radopholus citrophi/us n. sp.
72. Stem-end rind
Physiological
breakdown
73. Stubborn
Spiroplasma citri Saglio et al
74. Stylar-end rot
Physiological
75. Sunburn
Excessive heat and light
76. Sweet orange scab
Elsino'b australis Bitanc. & Jenkins
77. Vein enation
Graft-transmissible pathogen
woody gall
Virus and viroid diseases:
a. Bud-union crease
Virus for some combinations,
otherwise unknown
b. Citrus leaf rugose
Rugose virus (ilarvirus)
c. Crinkly leaf
Crinkly leaf virus (ilarvirus)
d. Exocortis
Exocortis viroid
e. Infectious
Infectious variegation virus
variegation
(ilarvirus)
Plant Disease/August 1985
657
f. Ringspot
g. Satsuma dwarf
h. Tatter leaf and
citrange stunt
i. Tristeza (decline
and stem pitting)
79. Water spot
80. Xyloporosis (cachexia)
h. Sugarcane
downy mildew*
Citrus ringspot virus
Satsuma dwarf virus
Tatterleaf virus
Tristeza virus (closterovirus)
19. Ergot*
20. Eyespot
Physiological
Graft-transmissible pathogen
21.
*Common names of the nematode diseases of citrus and of the nematodes
themselves.
Fusarium kernel
and stalk rot
22. Gibberella ear
and stalk rot
Corn (Zea mays L.)
f. sp. cerealis 'graminearum')
23. Goss's bacterial wilt
A. J Ullstrup, Primary Collator
A
Common name
1. Anthracnose
leaf blight
2. Anthracnose
stalk rot
3. Aspergillus ear
and storage rot
kernel
4. Aspergillus
rot
5. Bacterial leaf blight
and stalk rot
6. Bacterial stalk rot
7. Bacterial stalk
and top rot
8. Bacterial stripe
9.
Black bundle disease
10. Brown spot
11. Cephalosporium
kernel rot
12. Charcoal rot
13. Chocolate spot
14. Cob rot
15. Curvularia
leaf spot
16.
Dipodia ear rot
17. Diplodia stalk rot
18. Downy mildews:
a. Brown stripe
downy mildew*
b. Crazy top
downy mildew
c. Green ear
downy mildewt
d. Java
downy mildew*
e. Philippine
downy mildew*
f. Sorghum
downy mildew
g. Spontaneum
downy mildew*
658
Pathogen or cause
graminicola(Ces.)
Colletotrichum
•
G. W. Wils. (teleomorph:
Glomerella graminicolaPolitis)
Colletotrichum graminicola (Ces.)
W.. Wils.
G.
G.
ro
Wls.von
stal
Aspergillusflavus Lk.: Fr.
sorag
and
Aspergillus niger v. Tiegh.
Pseudomonas avenae Manns
Erwinia dissolvens (Rosen)
Burkholder
Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder,
McFadden & Dimock
Pseudomonas andropogonis(Smith)
Stapp
Gams
strictum W.
Acremonium
acremonium
(-- Cephalosporium
Auct.)
Physoderma maydis Miyabe
Acremonium strictum W. Gams
Macrophominaphaseolina (Tassi)
G. Goid.
Pseudomonassyringae pv.
coronafaciens (Elliott)
Young et al
Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Br.)
Petch (teleomorph: Khuskia oryzae
Huds.)
Curvulariamaculans (Bancroft)
Boedijn
C. lunata (Wakker) Boedijnzeae
Pseudocochijobolus
C.lata
u
(teleomorph: Pso cochio
lunatus (Nelson & Haasis)
Tsuda et al)
s (g.
CurDipodilaiam
Diplodia maydis (Berk.) Sacc.l
mcrosora
B.
Diplodia maydis (Berk.) Sacc.
D. macrospora Earle
D. frumenti Ell. & Ev.
Sclerophthora rayssiae Kenneth
et al var. zeae Payak & Renfro
Sclerophthoramacrospora (Sacc.)
Thirum. et al (= Scierospora
macrospora Sacc.)
Scierosporagraminicola (Sacc.)
Schroet.
Peronoscierosporamaydis (Racib.)
C. G. Shaw (= S. maydis (Racib.)
Butler)
Peronoscierosporaphilippinensis
(Weston) C. G. Shaw
(= S. philippinensis Weston)
Peronoscierosporasorghi (Weston
& Uppal) C. G. Shaw (-- S. sorghi
Weston & Uppal)
Peronoscierosporaspontanea (Weston)
C. G. Shaw (= S. spontanea Weston)
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
Peronosclerosporasacchari
(T. Miyake) Shirai & Hara
(= S. sacchariT. Miyake)
Claviceps gigantea Fuentes et al
Kabatiella zeae Narita & Hiratsuka
( Aureobasidium zeae (Narita
& Y. Hiratsuka) Dingley)
Fusarium moniliforme Sheld.
(teleomorph: Gibberellafujikuroi
(Saw.) Wr.)
Gibberella zeae (Schweinitz) Petch
(anamorph: Fusariumgraminearum
Schwabe, F.roseum Lk.: Fr.
and blight
(leaf freckles
and wilt)
24. Gray ear rot
rot&
25. Gray leaf spot
2C.
26. Helminthosporium
ear rot
27. Helminthosporium
leaf spot
28.
Helminthosporium
root rot
29. Holcus spot
30. Hormodendrum
ear rot
Clavibacter michiganense subsp.
nebraskense (Schuster et al)
Davis et al (- Corynebacterium
et al)
(Schuster
nebraskense
& Mandel)
emend. Vidaver
ndel)
&e
a
r
earndo
Phslop
Physalosporazeae Stout
( BotrxosMihaeria zeae (Stout)
eeThn&Dnes
Mcohm
(anamorph:
Arx & MUller)
Macrophoma zeae Tehon & Dan
Daniels zeae-maydis Tehon
Cercospora
& Daniell
sorghi var. maydis Ell. & By.
Cochiobolus carbonum Nelson (ra
1, 2, and 3) (anamorph: Bipolaris
zioa(tu)Somkr
zeicola (Stout) Shoemaker,
= Helmirnhosporium carbonum
Ullstrup)
Cochliobolus carbonum Nelson (races
1, 2, and 3) (anamorph: Bipolaris
zeicola (Stout) Shoemaker,
Helminthosporium carbonum
=
Ullstrup)
Exserohilum pedicellatum (Henry)
Leonard & Suggs
(= Helminthosporiumpedicellatum
Henry)
Pseudomonas syringae van Hall
cladosporioides(Fres.)
Hormodendrum
Sacc. (= Cladosporium
ladosporio.
c
cladosporioides (Fres.) de Vries)
herbarum Lk.: Fr.
31.Cladosporium
3.Nmtds(aaii)
a. Awl, on sweet corn Dolichodorus heterocephalusCobb
Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kfhn) Filipjev
b. Bulb and stem,
ste
in
in Europe
Heteroderaavenae Wollenweber
c. Cyst
Koshy et al
et al
Punctoderachalcoensis Stone
americanum Cobb
Xiphinema
d. Dagger, American
&
Allen
Nacobbus dorsalis Thorne
e. False root-knott
Hoplolaimus columbus Sher
f. Lance, Columbia
Hoplolaimusgaleatus (Cobb) Thorne
Lance
Longidorus breviannulatus Norton
h. Needle
Hoffman
arle&
Criconemella ornata (Raski) Luc
i. Ring
& Raski
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid
j. Root-knott
& White) Chitwood
M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood
M. chitwoodi Golden et al
Meloidogyne spp.
Pratylenchushexincisus Taylor
k. Root lesiont
& Jenkins
P. brachyurus (Godfrey) Filipjev
& Schuurmans-Stekhoven
P. penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev
& Schuurmans-Stekhoven
P. zeae Graham
Pratylenchus spp.
Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau
1. Sting
Paratrichodorusminor (Colbran)
m. Stubby-root
Siddiqi
Paratrichodorusspp.
Tylenchorhynchus spp.
n. Stunt
Merlinius spp.
32. Northern corn leaf
blight
33. Northern leaf spot
34. Penicillium ear rot
35. Physalospora ear rot
36. Purple sheath spot
37. Pythium stalk rot
38. Pythium root rot
39. Rhizoctonia ear rot
40. Rostratum leaf spot
41. Rust, common corn
42. Rust, southern corn
43. Rust, tropical corn*
44. Seed rot-seedling
blight
45. Smut, common
46. Smut, head
47. Southern corn leaf
blight
48. Southern leaf spot
49. Stewart's disease
(bacterial wilt)
50. Storage rots
Setosphaeria turcica (Luttrell)
Leonard & Suggs
(= Trichometasphaeria turcica
Luttrell) (anamorph: Exserohilium
turcicum (Pass.) Leonard & Suggs,
= Helminthosporium turcicum Pass.)
Cochlioboluscarbonum Nelson
(races 2 and 3) (anamorph:
Bipolaris zeicola (Stout)
Shoemaker, = Helminthosporium
carbonum Ullstrup)
Penicillium oxalicum Currie & Thom
Physalosporazeicola Ell. & Ev.
(= Botryosphaeriafestucae(Lib.)
von Arx & MUller) (anamorph:
DiplodiafrumentiEll. & Ev.)
Hemiparasitic bacteria and fungi
Pythium aphanidermatum(Edson) Fitzp.
Pythium graminicolaSubram.
P. debaryanum Hesse
P. arrhenomanesDrechs.
Pythium spp.
Rhizoctonia zeae Voorhees
Setosphaeria rostrataLeonard
(anamorph: Exserohilum rostratum
(Drechs.) Leonard & Suggs emend.
Leonard, = Helminthosporium
rostratum Drechs.)
Puccinia sorghi Schw.
Pucciniapolysora Underw.
Physopella zeae (Mains) Cummins
& Ramachar
Diplodia maydis (Berk.) Sacc.
Exserohilium turcicum (Pass.)
Leonard & Suggs
(= Helminthosporium turcicum
Pass.)
Fusariummonii(forme Sheld.
Gibberella zeae (Schweinitz) Petch
(anamorph: Fusariumgraminearum
Schwabe)
Penicillium spp.
Pythium spp.
Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda.
Sphacelothecareiliana (KUhn) Clint.
Cochliobolusheterostrophus
(Drechs.) Drechs. (anamorph:
Bipolaris maydis (Nisik.)
Shoemaker, = Helminthosporium
maydis Nisik.)
Diplodiamacrospora Earle
Erwinia stewartii(Smith) Dye
Aspergillus spp.
Penicillium spp. and other fungi
51. Trichoderma ear rot
Trichoderma viride Pers.: Fr.
52. Virus,
spiroplasma,
and Bromegrass
mycoplasmalike (MLO) diseases:
a. Bromegrass
mosaic
mosaic virus
b. Corn lethal necrosis Virus complex (maize chlorotic
mottle virus, maize dwarf mosaic
virus, or wheat streak mosaic
Virus)
c. Corn stunt
Corn stunt spiroplasma
d. Maize bushy stunt
54. Yellow leaf blight
55. Zonate leaf spot
*Not known to occur naturally on corn in the United States of America at the time
this list was prepared.
tReported in the United States of America between 1925 and 1929 only; not
reported ince.
reported since.
+Common names of the nematode diseases of corn and of the nematodes
themselves.
Cotton (Gossypium spp.)
G. M. Watkins, Primary Collator
Common name
Pathogen or cause
_ommonnamePathogenor__ause
1. Anthracnose
Glomerella gossypii Edg. (anamorph:
Colletotrichum gossypii Southw.)
2. Areolate mildew
Mycosphaerellaareola Ehrlich & Wolf
(anamorph: Septocylindrium
gossypii (Speg.) Subram.,
= Cercosporellagossypii Speg.)
3. Ascochyta blight
Ascochyta gossypii Woron.
4. Bacterial blight
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
malvacearum (Smith) Dye
5. Black root rot
Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Br.)
Ferr. (synanamorph: Chalara
elegans Nag Raj & Kendrick)
6. Boll rots
Various microorganisms, mostly fungi
7. Charcoal rot
Macrophominaphaseolina (Tassi) Goid.
8. Escobilla*
Colletotrichum gossyppi Southw. var.
cephalosporioidesCosta in Viegas
9. Leaf spots
A/ternaria macrospora Zimm.
A. a/ternata (Fr.) Keissl.
Mycosphaerellagossypina (Atk.)
Earle; also other spp.
10. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Cobb
b. Lance, Columbia
Hoplolaimus columbus Sher
c. Lance
Hoplolaimusgaleatus (Cobb) Thorne
d. Needle
Longidorus africans Merny
e. Pin
Paratylenchushamatus Thorne & Allen
f. Reniform
Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford
& Oliveira
g. Ring
Criconemella spp.
h. Root-knott
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid
& White) Chitwood
i. Root lesiont
Pratylenchus spp.
j. Spiral
Helicotylenchus spp.
Scutellonema spp.
k. Sting
Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau
1. Stubby-root
Paratrichodorusspp.
m. Stunt
Tylenchorhynchus spp.
Mer/inius spp.
11. Phymatotrichum
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
root rot
(Shear) Dug.
(cotton root rot)
12. Powdery mildews*
Levei//u/a taurica (L~v.) Amn.
(anamorph: Qidiopsis taurica
MLO
e. Maize chlorotic
Maize chlorotic dwarf virus
dwarf
f. Maize chlorotic
Maize chlorotic mottle virus
mottle
g. Maize dwarf mosaic Maize dwarf mosaic virus
(six strains)
h. Maize rabdo
Maize rabdo virus
i. Maize rough dwarf* Maize rough dwarf virus
j. Maize streak*
Maize streak virus
k. Maize stripe
Maize stripe virus
1. Sugarcane mosaic
Sugarcane mosaic virus
m. Wallaby ear
Wallaby ear virus
disease*
n. Wheat streak mosiac Wheat streak mosaic virus
53. Witchweed disease
Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze
(= S. /utea Lour.)
S. hermonthica Benth.*
Phyllosticta maydis Arny & Nelson
(teleomorph: Mycosphaerella
zeae-maydis Mukunya & Boothroyd)
Gloeocercosporasorghi D. Bain & Edg.
Salmon)
13. Seedling disease
complex
14. Southern blight
(Sclerotium stem
and root rot)
15. Southwestern
cotton rust
16. Tropical cotton rust*
17. Verticillium wilt
Qidiopsis gossy'pii (Wakef.) Raychaudhuri
Sa/monia ma/achrae(Seaver) Blumer
& E. Muiller
Rhizoctonia so/ani Ki~hn (teleomorph:
Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank)
Donk)
Thie/aviopsis basico/a (Berk. & Br.)
Ferr.
Fusarium spp.
Pythium spp.
Sc/erotium ro/fsii Sacc.
(teleomorph: A the/ia ro/ftii
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
Puccinia cacabata Arth. & Holw.
Phakopsoragossvpii (Arth.) Hirat.
Vertici//ium dah/iae Kleb.
Plant Disease/August 1985
659
18. Virus, mycoplasmalike
transmissible pathogen
a. Abutilon mosaic
b. Anthocyanosis
c. Blue disease*
d. Leaf crumple
e. Leaf curl
f. Leaf mottle
g. Leaf roll
h. Mosaic
i. Phyllody*
j. Psylosis*
k. Small leaf
1.Terminal stunt
(MLO), and uncharacterized graft(GTP) diseases:
Abutilon mosaic virus
Cotton anthocyanosis virus
Virus
GTP
Cotton leaf curl virus
Cotton leaf mottle virus
Virus
Virus
MLO
Virus
MLO
GTP
*Not known to occur naturally on cotton in the United States of America at the
time this list was prepared.
nematode diseases of cotton and of the nematodes
tCommon names of the
themselves.eses
themselves.
Crucifers (Brassicaand Raphanus spp.)
Paul H. Williams, Collator
Common name
1. Alternaria diseases;
black spot (leaf,
stem, or pod spots)
2.
3.
4.
5.
Anthracnose
Aster yellows
Autogenic necrosis
Bacterial leaf spot
6. Bacterial soft rot,
Erwinia
7.
Bacterial soft rot,
Pseudomonas
8. Black leg and
Phoma root rot
9.
Black mold rot
10. Black root
(Aphanomyces)
11. Black rot
Pathogen or cause
Alternaria spp. (A. brassicae
(Berk.) Sacc., A. brassicicola
(Schw.) Wiltsh., A. raphani
Groves & Skolko)
Colletotrichum higginsianum Sacc.
Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)
Genetic disorder
Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola
(McCulloch) Young et al
Erwinia carotovora (Jones) Bergey et al
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
660
Damping-off,
Fusarium
Damping-off,
Pythium
Downy mildew,
staghead
Gray mold
a. Cauliflower mosaic
b. Radish mosaic
c. Turnip mosaic
d. Yellows
33. White rust
and staghead
Cauliflower mosaic virus
Radish mosaic virus
Turnip mosaic virus
Beet western yellows virus
Albugo candida (Gmelin) Kuntze
(Peronosporasp. commonly present
in the staghead phase)
Pseudocercosporellacapsellae
34. White leaf spot
(Ell. & Ev.) Deighton
and gray stem
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
35. Xanthomonas
armoraciae(McCulloch) Dye
leaf spot
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.
36. Yellows
f. sp. conglutinans
*Common names of the nematode diseases of crucifers and of the nematodes
themselves.
Cucurbits (Citrullus spp., Cucumis spp.,
Cucurbitaspp., and others)
Pseudomonas marginalis pv.
marginalis (Brown) Stevens
Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces.
& de Not. (anamorph: Phoma lingam
(Tode: Fr.) Desm.)
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehr.: Fr.)
Vuill.
Aphanomyces raphani Kendrick
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
campestris (Pammel) Dowson
Physiological
Rhizoctonia solani KUhn
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
12. Black speck
13. Bottom rot,
damping-off,
headrot,
seedling root rot,
wire stem, and
basal stem rot
14. Brown girdling root rot Unidentified
15. Cercospora leaf spot
16. Clubroot
17. Crown gall
Belonolaimus spp.
f. Sting
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
24. Phymatotrichum
(Shear) Dug.
root rot
(cotton root rot)
25. Phytophthora root rot Phytophthoramegasperma Drechs.
Erysiphepolygoni DC.
26. Powdery mildew
Mycosphaerellabrassicicola(Duby)
27. Ring spot
Lindau
Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter)
28. Scab
Waksman & Henrici
Streptomyces spp.
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) dBy.
29. Sclerotinia stem rot
and watery soft rot
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
30. Southern blight
(teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
31. Verticillium wilt
V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berth.
32. Virus diseases:
Cercosporabrassicicola Henn.
Plasmodiophorabrassicae Wor.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith
& Townsend) Conn
Fusarium spp.
Pythium spp.
C. W. Averre, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Alternaria leaf
blight
2. Angular leaf spot
3. Anthracnose
4. Aster yellows
5. Bacterial leaf spot
6. Bacterial rind
necrosis
7. Bacterial soft rot
8.
9.
10.
11.
Peronosporaparasitica Pers.: Fr.
Botrvtis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
Juckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Pyrenopeziza brassicae Sut. & Rawl
Light leaf spot
Nematodes (parasitic):
Dolichodorus spp.
a. Awl
Heterodera schactii Schmidt
b. Cyst
H. cruciferae Franklin
Paratylenchusspp.
c. Pin
Meloidogyne spp.
d. Root-knot*
Pratylenchuspratensis (de Man)
e. Root lesion*
Filipjev
Pratylenchus spp.
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Pathogen or cause
Alternaria cucumerina (Ell. & Ev.)
J. A. Elliott
Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrvmans
(Smith & Bryan) Young et al
Colletotrichum orbiculare (Berk.
& Mont.) von Arx (= C. lagenarium
(Pass.) Ell. & Halst.)
Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
cucurbitae (Bryan) Dye
Erwinia carnegieana Standring
Erwinia spp.
Erwinia carotovora (Jones)
Bergey et al
Erwinia tracheiphila(Smith)
Bergey et al
Rhizoctonia solani Kiihn
Belly rot
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
and damping-off
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Sunburn injury
Bitter fruit
Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Br.)
Black root rot
Ferr. (synanamorph: Chalara
elegans Nag Raj & Kendrick)
Physiological disorder, calcium
Blossom end rot
deficiency, and moisture imbalance
Penicillium spp.
Blue mold rot
Cephalosporium root Cepha/osporium spp.
and hypocotyl rot
Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora citrullina Cke.
Macrophominaphaseolina (Tassi)
Charcoal rot
G. Goid.
Choanephora fruit rot Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk.
& Ray.) Thaxt.
Corynesporamelonis (Cke.) P~nzes
Corynespora blight
Diplodia gossypina Cke.
Diplodia fruit rot
(= D. natalensis Pole-Evans)
Bacterial wilt
20.
Downy mildew
21. Fusarium rot (fruit)
22. Fusarium wilt
23. Gray mold
24. Gummy stem blight
Pseudoperonosporacubensis (Berk.
& Curt.) Rostow.
Fusariumspp.
Fusariumoxysporum Schlecht.
(several form species)
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm
(= Mycosphaerellamelonis (Pass.)
Chiu J. C. Walker)
Physiological disorder
Physiological disorder
25. Heat stress
26. Measles
27. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Cobb
b. Pin
Paratylenchusspp.
c. Reniform
Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford
& Oliviera
d. Ring
Circonemella spp.
e. Root-knot*
Meloidogyne spp.
f. Root lesion*
Pratylenchusspp.
g. Spiral
Helicotylenchus spp.
h. Sting
Belanolaimus longicaudatus Rau
i. Stubby-root
Paratrichodorusminor
(Colbran) Steiner
j. Stunt
Tylenchorhynchus claytoni (Steiner)
28. Net spot
Leandria momordica Rangel
29. Ozone injury
Physiological disorder
30. Phoma (Ascochyta)
Phoma exigua Desm. (_ Ascochyta
blight
phaseolorum Sacc.)
31. Phyllosticta leaf spot Phyllostictaspp.
32. Phytophthora blight
Phytophthoraspp.
33. Pink mold rot
Cephalothecium roseum Cda.
(= Trichothecium roseum Lk.: Fr.)
34. Powdery mildew
Sphaerothecafuliginea
(Schlecht.: Fr.) Poll.
35. Pythium fruit rot
Pythium spp.
(cottony leak),
damping-off,
and root rot
36. Rhizopus soft rot
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehr.: Fr.)
Vuill.
37. Root rot
Pythium spp.
38. Sandburn
Physiological disorder
39. Scab
Cladosporium cucumerinum Ell. & Arth.
40. Sclerotinia stem rot
Sclerotinia scierotiorum (Lib.) dBy.
41. Southern blight
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
(Sclerotium stem
(teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii
and fruit rot)
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
42. Stem streak
Cephalosporiumspp.
and dieback
43. Sunscald
Physiological disorder
44. Target spot
Corynesporacassiicola
(Berk. & Curt.) Wei
45. Verticillium wilt
Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berth.
46.
47.
48.
Virus diseases:
a. Chlorotic leaf spot
b. Curly top
c. Mosaic
d. Muskmelon
vein necrosis
e. Tobacco ringspot
f. Tomato ringspot
Web blight
Windburn
Watermelon mosaic virus 2
Muskmelon vein necrosis virus
Tobacco ringspot virus
Tomato ringspot virus
Rhizoctonia solani Kfihn
Physiological disorder
Grape (Vitis spp.)
1. Angular leaf spot
2. Anthracnose and
bird's-eye rot
5. Black measles
6. Black rot
7. Botryosphaeria rot
and necrosis
8. Botrytis bunch rot
and cane blight
9. Cane-tip blight and
summer bunch rot
10. Chlorosis
11. Corky bark
12. Crown gall
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Bean yellow mosaic virus
Beet curly top virus
Cucumber mosaic virus
Squash mosaic virus
Watermelon mosaic virus I
*Common names of the nematode diseases of cucurbits and of the nematodes
themselves.
Common name
3. Bacterial blight
4. Bitter rot
Iron deficiency
Undetermined, viruslike
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith
& Townsend) Conn
Dematophora root rot Rosellinia necatrix Prill.
(western white
(anamorph: Dematophoranecatrix
root rot)
Hartig)
Downy mildew
Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & Curt.)
Berl. & de Toni
Eutypa dieback
Eutypa armeniacae Hansf. & Carter
(part of dead arm
(anamorph: Cytosporinasp.)
complex which
includes Phomopsis)
Fasciation
Genetic disorder
Flavescence doree
Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)
Fleck (Marbure)
Undetermined, viruslike
Fruit rots
Alternariaalternata (Fr.) Keissl.
and raisin molds
Aspergillus niger v. Tiegh.
Aspergillus spp.
Cladosporiumherbarum Lk.: Fr.
Helminthosporiumspp.
Rhizopus arrhizus A. Fischer
Rhizopus spp.
Grape peduncle
Undetermined, disorder
necrosis
Isariopsis blight
Mycosphaerellapersonata Higgins
(anamorph: Cercospora viticola
(Ces.) Winter & Demetrio
= Isariopsisclavispora (Berk.
& Curt.) Sacc.)
Leaf blotch
Briosia ampelophaga Cav.
Leafroll
Undetermined, viruslike
Little leaf
Zinc deficiency
Melanose complex
Septoriaampelina Berk. & Curt.
Nematodes (parasitic):
and genetic disorder
a. Citrus
Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb
b. Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Cobb
c. Dagger
Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen
d. Needle
e. Ring
f. Root-knot*
Xiphinema spp.
Longidorus spp.
Criconemella spp.
Meloidogyne spp.
g. Root lesion*
Prat~ylenchus vulnus Allen et al
27. Oxidant stipple
28. Phomopsis cane
blight and leaf spot
(excoriose)
(see Eutypa)
29. Phymatotrichum
root rot
Ozone
Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.) Sacc.
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
(Shear) Dug.
30.
31.
(cotton root rot)
Pierce's disease
Powdery mildew
Bacterium (gram-negative rod)
Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr.
32.
Ripe rot
Glomerella cingulata (Ston.)
33.
Root and collar rot
34.
Rotbrenner (red fire)
35.
Rupestris stipple
Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands
Pythium spp.
Rhizoctonia spp.
Pseudopeziza tracheiphila
Miiller-Thurgau
Genetic
Spauld. & Schrenk
Pathogen orcause
Mycosphaerella angulata Jenkins
Elsino'b ampelina Shear
Xanthomonas ampelina Panagopoulos
Melanconiumfuligineum (Scrib.
& Viala) Cav.
Presumably toxin(s) from
wood-rotting fungi; see Wood rot
(decay)
Guignardiabidwelli (Ell.)
Viala & Ravaz (anamorph:
Phyllostictaampelicida
(Engelman) van der Aa)
Botryosphaeriadothidea
(Moug.: Fr.) Ces. & de Not.
(anamorph: Dothiorella sp.)
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botrvotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Diplodia natalensis Pole-Evans
Plant Disease/August 1985
661
36. Shoestring root rot
(oak root fungus)
37. Stem pitting
38. Target spot
39. Verticillium wilt
40. Water berry
41. White rot
42. Wood rot (decay)
43. Virus diseases:
a. Alfalfa mosaic
b. Arabis mosaic
c. Artichoke Italian
latent
d. Grapevine
Bulgarian latent
e. Grapevine chrome
mosaic
f. Infectious degeneration and decline
g. Grapevine
Joannes-Seyve
h. Peach rosette
mosaic
i. Raspberry ringspot
j. Sowbane mosaic
k. Strawberry latent
ringspot
1. Tobacco mosaic
m. Tobacco necrotic
n. Tobacco ringspot
o. Tomato black ring
p. Tomato bushy stunt
q. Tomato ringspot
44. Yellow speckle
Armillaria mellea (Vahl.: Fr.)
Kummer (= Armillariella mellea
(Vahl: Fr.) Karst.)
Undetermined, viruslike
Cristulariellamoricola (Hino)
Redhead (= C. pyramidalis
Waterman & Marshall)
Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berth.
Undetermined
Coniella diplodiella (Speg.)
Petrak & H. Syd.
Cephalosporiumspp.
Diplodia natalensis P. Evans
Fomes igniarius(L.: Fr.) Kickx
Stereum hirsutum (Willd.: Fr.)
S. F. Gray
b.
c.
d.
e.
f. Stunt
Phymatotrichum
root rot
(cotton root rot)
17. Powdery mildew
18. Russet spotting
19. Rust
16.
Rusty brown
discoloration
21. Septoria leaf spot
22. Southern blight
20.
Alfalfa mosaic virus
Arabis mosaic virus
Artichoke Italian latent virus
Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus
23.
Grapevine chrome mosaic virus
Grapevine fanleaf virus and
other soilborne viruses
Grapevine Joannes-Seyve virus
Peach rosette mosaic virus
24.
25.
26.
Raspberry ringspot virus
Sowbane mosaic virus
Strawberry latent ringspot virus
Tobacco mosaic virus
Tobacco necrotic virus
Tobacco ringspot virus
Tomato black ring virus
Tomato bushy stunt virus
Tomato ringspot virus, type strain
Undetermined, viruslike
*Common names of the nematode diseases of grape and of the nematodes
themselves.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
R. N. Campbell, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Alternaria leaf spot
2. Anthracnose
3. Bacterial leaf spot
and headrot
4. Bacterial soft rot
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
662
Broomrape
Brown stain
Cercospora leaf spot
Corky root
Damping-off,
Pythium
Damping-off,
Rhizoctonia
Downy mildew
Drop (Sclerotinia
rot)
Gray mold
Erysiphe cichoracearum DC.
Physiological, excess ethylene
Puccinia dioicae P. Magn.
(= P. extensicola Plowr. var.
hieraciata(Schw.) Arthur)
P. hieracii (Roehl.) Mart.
Accentuated by lettuce mosaic virus
Septoria lactucae Pass.
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
(teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
Stemphylium leaf spot Stemphylium botryosum Wallr.
f. sp. lactucae (teleomorph:
Pleosporaherbarum (Fr.) Rabenh.
f. sp. lactucae)
Physiological, Ca++ deficiency
Tipburn
and high temperature
Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp
Varnish spot
Virus, mycoplasmalike (MLO), and uncharacterized agent
diseases:
MLO
a. Aster yellows
Lettuce big vein agent
b. Big vein
Tobacco ringspot virus
c. Calico
Alfalfa mosaic virus
Lettuce mosaic virus
d. Internal rib
necrosis
Lettuce mosaic virus
e. Mosaic
Bidens mottle virus
Turnip mosaic virus
Cucumber mosaic virus
Lettuce necrotic yellows virus
f. Necrotic yellows
Lettuce speckles virus
g. Speckles
and beet western yellows virus
Beet yellow stunt virus
h. Stunt
Broad bean wilt virus
i. Wilt
spotted wilt virus
YTomato
Tobacco rattle virus
j. Yellow spot
Beet western yellows virus
k. Yellows
Sowthistle yellow vein virus
1.Other
Pythium tracheiphilum Matta
Wilt and leaf blight
27.
Alternaria sonchi J. J. Davis
Marssoninapanattoniana(Berl.) Magn.
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians
(Brown) Dye
Erwin/a carotovora (Jones)
*Common names of the nematode diseases of lettuce and of the nematodes
themselves.
AP% (Aen
Aeastv
Ot
I A
Stevens)ComnnmPahgnocus
Rhizoctonia so/ani Ki~ihnComnaePthgnrcus
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Orobanche ramosa L.
Physiological, excess CO2
Cercospora longissima Sacc.
Infectious, pathogen undetermined
Pythium u/timum Trow
Pythium spp.
Rhizoctonia so/ani Ki~ihn
Bremia /actucae Reg.
Se/erotinia sc/erotiorum (Lib.) dBy.
S. minor Jagger
Botrypt/s cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Nematodes (parasitic):
Nacobbus aberrans (Thorne)
a. False root-knot*
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
.
M. D. Simons, Primary Collator
Pseudomonas margina/is (Brown)
Bottom rot
Thorne & Allen
Longidorus spp.
Meloidogyne spp.
Pratylenchusspp.
Rotylenchus robustus (de Man)
Filipjev
Merlinius brevidens (Allen) Siddiqi
Tylenchohynchus spp.
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
(Shear) Dug.
Pathogen or cause
Bergey et al
5.
Needle
Root-knot*
Root lesion*
Spiral
1. Anthracnose
2. Bacterial blight
(halo blight and
bacterial stripe
blight, respectively)
Black chaff and
bacterial streak
(stripe)
4. Blast
3.
5.
Downy mildew
6.
7.
Ergot
Fusarium foot rot
Co//etotrichum gram/n/co/a (Ces.)
G. W. Wils. (teleomorph:
Glomere//a gram/n/co/a Politis)
Pseudomonas syringae pv.
coronafaciens (Elliott)
Young et al
P. syringae pv. striafaciens
(Elliott) Young et al
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
translucens (Jones et al)
Dye
Unfavorable environmental conditions
and/or any of several pathogens
Sc/erophthora macrospora (Sacc.)
Thirum. et al (= Sc/erospora
macrospora Sacc.)
Clavicepspurpurea(Fr.) Tul.
Fusariumculmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc.
8. Gray speck
9. Head blight
(- F. roseum Lk.: Fr. f. sp.
cerealis 'culmorum')
Manganese deficiency
Bipolaris sorokiniana(Sacc.
in Sorok.) Shoemaker
(= Helminthosporium sativum Pam.
et al) (teleomorph: Cochliobolus
sativus (Ito & Kurib. in Kurib.)
Drechs. ex Dast.)
Drechslera avenacea (Curt. ex Cke.)
Shoemaker (= Helminthosporium
avenae Eidam) (teleomorph:
Pyrenophoraavenae Itao & Kurib.)
Fusariumgraminearum Schwabe
(teleomorph: Gibberella zeae
(Schweinitz) Petch)
Fusarium spp.
Drechsleraavenacea (Curt. ex Cke.)
Shoemaker (= Helminthosporium
avenae Eidam)
10. Leaf blotch
and crown rot
(Helminthosporium
leaf blotch)
11. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Bulb and stem
Ditylenchus dipsaci (KUhn) Filipjev
(in Europe)
b. Cyst, oat
Heterodera avenae Wollenweber
c. Cyst
Heterodera hordecalis Andersson
H. latipons Franklin
Punctoderachalcoensis Stone et al
d. Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Cobb
e. Pin
Pratylenchus sop.
f. Ring
Criconemella spp.
Nothocriconemellamutabilis (Taylor)
Ebsary and other spp.
g. Root-knot*
h. Root lesion*
i. Sheath
j. Spiral
k. Sting
1. Stubby-root
m. Stunt
12.
Physiological
leaf spot
13. Powdery mildew
14. Root rot
15.
16.
17.
Rust, crown
Rust, stem
Seedling blight
18.
Septoria blight
19.
Sharp eyespot
and Rhizoctonia
root rot
20. Smut, covered
21. Smut, loose
22. Snow mold, pink
(Fusarium patch)
23. Snow mold, speckled
or gray
(Typhula blight)
24. Take-all (white head)
25. Victoria blight
26. Virus diseases:
a. Barley yellow dwarf Barley yellow dwarf virus
b. Blue dwarf
Oat blue dwarf virus
c. Mosaic
Oat mosaic virus
d. Necrotic mottle
Oat necrotic mottle virus
*Common names of the nematode diseases of oats and of the nematodes
themselves.
Onion (Allium coon L.)
Meloidogyne naasi Franklin
M. chitwoodi Golden et al
Meloidogyne spp.
Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen
P. chitwoodi Golden et al
Pratylenchus spp.
Hemicycliophora spp.
Helicotylenchus spp.
Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau
Paratrichodorusminor (Colbran)
Siddiqi
Quinisulciuscapitatus (Allen)
Siddiqi
Tylenchorhynchus spp.
Merlinius spp.
Genetic predisposition
Erysiphe graminis DC.: Fr.
f. sp. avenae
Bipolaris sorokiniana(Sacc.
in Sorok.) Shoemaker
(= Helminthosporiumsativum
Pam. et al)
Fusariumspp.
Pythium debaryanum Hesse
P. irregulareBuis
P. ultimum Trow
Pythium spp. and other spp.
Pucciniacoronata Cda.
Pucciniagraminis Pers.
Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.
in Sorok.) Shoemaker
(= Helminthosporium sativum
Pam. et al)
Drechslera avenacea (Curt. ex Cke.)
Shoemaker
Fusarium culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc.
Pythium spp.
Rhizoctonia solani Kiihn
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Septoria avenae Frank (teleomorph:
Leptosphaeria avenaria Weber)
Rhizoctonia cerealis v. d. Hoeven
in Boerema & Verhoeven
(teleomorph: Ceratobasidium sp.)
R. so/ani Kuihn
Ustilago kolleri Wille
Ustilago avenae (Pers.) Rostr.
Fusariumnivale Ces. ex Sacc.
(= Microdochium nivalis (Fr.)
Samuels & Hallett, = Gerlachia
nivalis (Ces. ex Sacc.) W. Gams
& E. MUller) (teleomorph:
Monographella nivalis (Schaffnit)
E. Muiller)
Typhula incarnata Lasch: Fr.
T ishikariensisImai var.
canadensis Smith & Arsvoll
T. ishikariensisImai var.
idahoensis (Remsb.) Arsvoll
& Smith
T. ishikariensisImai var.
ishikariensis
Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.)
von Arx & Olivier var. avenae
(E. M. Turner) Dennis
Bipolaris victoriae
(Meehan & Murphy) Shoemaker
(= Helminthosporium victoriae
Meehan & Murphy)
Dennis H. Hall, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Aster yellows
2. Bacterial blight
(Hawaii, Colorado)
3. Bacterial leaf spot
4. Bacterial rot
5. Bacterial soft rot
6. Basal rot
7. Blackmold
8. Blackstalk rot
9.
10.
11.
12.
Bloat
Blue mold rot
Botrytis leaf blight
Botrytis leaf spot
and brown stain
13. Charcoal rot
14.
Damping-off,
Fusarium
15. Damping-off,
'Pythium
16. Damping-off,
Rhizoctonia
17.
18.
Diplodia stain
Downy mildew
19.
Flower blight
20.
Fusarium root rot
21.
Greening
22.
Gray mold neck rot
Pathogen or cause
Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)
Xanthomonas sp.
Pseudomonassyringae van Hall
Pseudomonasgladioli Severini
Erwinia carotovora(Jones)
Bergey et al
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.
f. sp. cepae
Aspergillus niger v. Tiegh.
Stemphylium botryosum Wallr.
(teleomorph: Pleospora herbarum
(Fr.) Rabenh.) (secondary
on mildew lesions)
Ditylenchus dipsaci (KUhn) Filipjev
Penicillium sp.
Botrytis squamosa J. C. Walker
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
B. al/ui Munn
Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi)
G. Goid.
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.
f. sp. cepae
Pythium ultimum Trow
P. irregulareBuisman
Rhizoctonia solani Kfihn
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Diplodianatalensis Pole-Evans
Peronosporadestructor (Berk.)
Casp. in Berk.
Botrytis squamosa J. C. Walker
B. cinerea Pers.: Fr.
B. a/lli Munn
Fusariumoxs'sporum Schlecht.
f. sp. cepae
Exposure to light, especially
immature bulbs
Botrytis a/lui Munn
B. hyssoidea J. C. Walker
B. squamosa J. C. Walker
Plant Disease/August 1985
663
23. Heterosporium blight Heterosporium allii Ell. & G. Martin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Schroeter)
24. Internal brown rot
Migula
(Australia)
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehr.: Fr.)
25. Mushy rot
Vuill.
Botrytis byssoidea J. C. Walker
26. Mycelial neck rot
27. Nematodes (parasitic):
Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kifhn) Filipjev
a. Bulb and stem
Longidorus spp.
b. Needle
Meloidogyne spp.
c. Root-knot*
Pratylenchus spp.
d. Root lesion*
Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau
e. Sting
Paratrichodorusminor (Colbran)
f. Stubby-root
Siddiqi
Phyllostictaallii Tehon & Daniels
28. Phyllosticta
leaf blight
Pyrenochaetaterrestris(Hansen)
29. Pink rot
Gorenz et al
Oidiopsis taurica Salmon
30. Powdery mildew
(teleomorph: Leveillula taurica
(Israel)
(Lev.) Arn.)
Alternariaporri(Ell.) Cif.
31. Purple blotch
Pythium ultimum Trow
32. Root rot
Pucciniaasparagi DC.
33. Rust, asparagus
Puccinia allii Rud.
34. Rust, onion
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) dBy.
35. Sclerotinia rot
(watery soft rot)
Pseudomonas cepacia Palleroni
36. Sour skin
& Holmes
or slippery skin
Colletotrichum circinans(Berk.)
37. Smudge
Vogl. (= C. dematium (Pers.: Fr.)
Grove f. sp. circinans(Berk.)
von Arx)
Urocystis colchici (Schlecht.)
38. Smut
Rabenh.
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
39. Southern blight
(teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
Exposure of bulbs to direct sunlight
40. Sunscald
during high temperatures
Unknown
41. Translucent scales
Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.
42. White rot
Yellow dwarf virus
43. Yellow dwarf
diseases of onion and of the nematodes
nematode
the
of
names
*Common
themselves.
e. Root lesion*
12. Peach tree
short life
Pratylenchus vulnus Allen & Jensen
P. penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev
& Schuurmans-Stekhoven
Pratylenchus spp.
Complex of bacterial canker,
Cytospora canker,
and/or cold injury
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
(Shear) Dug.
13. Phymatotrichum
root rot
(cotton root rot)
14. Phytophthora root rot Phytophthoracactorum (Leb. & Cohn)
Schroet.
Sphaerothecapannosa
15. Powdery mildew
(Wallr.: Fr.) Lev.
Podosphaeraclandestina
(Wallr.: Fr.) Lev.
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehr.: Fr.)
16. Rhizopus rot
Vuill.
Rhizopus spp.
Tranzschelia discolor (Fckl.)
17. Rust
Tranz. & Litv.
Fusicladiumcarpophilum (Thuem.)
18. Scab
Oud. (_ Cladosporium carpophilum
Thuem.)
Armillariamellea (Vahl: Fr.)
19. Shoestring root rot
Kummer (- Armillariella mellea
(oak root fungus)
(Vahl: Fr.) Karst.)
Stigmina carpophila (Lev.) Ell.
20. Shothole
(- Coryneum beyerinckii Oud.)
(- Coryneum blight)
Stereum purpureum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr.
21. Silver leaf
22. Virus, mycoplasmalike (MLO), and uncharacterized grafttransmissible pathogen (GTP) diseases:
MLO
a. Little peach
GTP
b. Mosaic
GTP
c. Phony peach
GTP
d. Red suture
Prunus ringspot virus
e. Ring spot
MLO (a spiroplasma)
f. Rosette
Peach rosette mosaic virus
g. Rosette mosaic
Tomato ringspot virus
h. Stem pitting
GTP
i. Wart
MLO (a spiroplasma)
j. X-disease
MLO (a spiroplasma)
k. Yellow leaf roll
MLO
1. Yellows
*Common names of the nematode diseases of peach and of the nematodes
themselves.
Pear (Pyrus communis L.)
Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)
Common name
1. Anthracnose
2. Bacterial canker
3. Bacterial spot
Blossom blight,
brown rot
5. Clitocybe root rot
(mushroom root rot)
4.
Glomerella cingulata (Ston.) Spauld.
& Schrenk
Pseudomonassyringae pv. syringae
van Hall
Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni
(Smith) Dye
Monilinia laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey
M. fructicola (Wint.) Honey
Armi//aria tabescens (Scop.: Fr.)
Dennis et al (= Clitocybe
tabescens (Scop.: Fr. Bres.)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(Smith & Townsend) Conn
Leucostoma persoonii (Nits.) Hoehn.
(anamorph: Cytospora leucostoma
(Pers.) Sacc.)
L. cinctume (Fr.) Hoehn.
Fusicoccum amygda/i Del.
Basidiomycetous fungi
Taphrina deformans (Berk.) Tul.
6.
Crown gall
7.
Cytospora canker
8.
9.
10.
11.
Fusicoccum canker
Heart rot
Leaf curl
Nematodes (parasitic):
Xiphinema americanum Cobb
a. Dagger, American
Xiphinema spp.
b. Dagger
Criconemella xenoplax (Raski)
c. Ring
Luc & Raski
Criconemella spp.
Nothocriconemellaspp.
Meloidogyne spp.
d. Root-knot*
664
R. A. Spotts, Primary Collator
Pathogen or cause
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
Common name
Pathogen or cause
1. Alfalfa greening
(green stain)
2. Alternaria
Unknown
3.
Neofabraea malicorticis Jacks
(= Pezicula malicorticis
(Jacks) Nannf.) (anamorph:
Cryptosporiopsis curvispora
(Pk.) Gremmen)
Glomerella cingulata (Ston.) Spauld.
& Schrenk
Water imbalance
Physalosporaobtusa (Schw.) Cke.
(anamorph: Sphaeropsis malorum
(Berk.) Berk.)
Coniothecium chromatosporum Cda.
Boron deficiency
Penicillium expansum Lk.
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
High C02
Moni/iniafructicola (Wint.) Honey
M. laxa (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey
Cladosporium herbarum Lk.: Fr.
fruit rot
Anthracnose,
bull's-eye rot, and
perennial canker
4.
Bitter rot
5.
6.
Black end
Black rot,
leaf spot,
and canker
Blister disease*
Blossom blast
Blue mold rot
Botrytis spur
and blossom blight
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Brown core
Brown rot
13.
Cladosporium
fruit rot
Alternaria spp.
14. Clitocybe root rot
(mushroom root rot)
15. Coprinus rot
16. Core breakdown
(Bartlett)
17. Cork spot
18. Crown gall
Armillaria tabescens (Scop.: Fr.)
Dennis et al (= Clitocybe
tabescens (Scop.: Fr.) Bres.)
Coprinus spp.
Senescence
Associated with calcium deficiency
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith
& Townsend) Conn
Cytospora spp.
19. Cytospora canker
and dieback
20. Decline
Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)
21. Dematophora root rot Rosellinia necatrix Prill.
(western white
(anamorph: Dematophoranecatrix
root rot)
Hartig)
22. Elsino6 leaf
Elsinoý piri (Wor.) Jenkins
and fruit spot
(anamorph: Sphacelomapirinum
Jenkins)
23. European canker
Nectria galligena Bres.
24. Fabraea leaf
Fabraeamaculata Atk.
and fruit spot
25. Fire blight
26. Fly speck
b. Flemish beauty
corky pit
c. Freckle pit
d. Quince bark
necrosis
e. Quince sooty
ring spot
f. Quince stunt
g. Quince yellow
blotch
h. Red mottle
i. Ring pattern
mosaic
j. Rough bark
k. Stony pit
1. Vein yellows
56. Wood rot
57. Xylaria root rot
45.
46.
Rosette
Rust, pear
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehr.: Fr.)
Vuill.
Unknown
Gymnosporangium lihocedri (P. Henn.)
Kern
Gymnosporangium spp.
47.
Rust, pear trellis
Gymnosporangiumfuscum Hedw.
51.
Side rot
52. Silver leaf
53. Sooty blotch
54. Sprinkler rot
55. Virus diseases:
a. Blister canker
Virus suspected
Virus suspected
Virus suspected
Virus suspected
Virus suspected
Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilat
and various basidiomycetes
Xylaria spp.
tCommon names of the nematode diseases of pear and of the nematodes
themselves.
Rhizopus rot
Scald
Shoestring root rot
(oak root fungus)
Virus suspected
Virus suspected
Erwinia amylovora (Burrill)
Winslow et al
Schizothyrium pomi (Mont.: Fr.)
44.
49.
50.
Virus suspected
*Not known to occur naturally on pear in the United States of America at the time
maculatum Lfv.)
this list was prepared.
von Arx (anamorph: Zygophiala
Scab
Virus suspected
Virus suspected
(anamorph: Entomosporium
jamaicensis Mason)
27. Gibberella canker
Gibberella baccata (Wallr.) Sacc.
28. Gray mold rot
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
29. Green stain
Unknown
30. Internal bark necrosis Unknown
31. Late leaf spot
Cercosporaminima Tracy & Earle
32. Mealy core (d'Anjou) Senescence
33. Mucor fruit rot
Mucor spp.
34. Mycosphaerella
Mycosphaerellapyri (Auersw.)
leaf spot (ashy
Boerema (= M. sentina (Fr.)
leaf spot and
Schroet.) (anamorph: Septoria
fruit spot)
pyricola (Desm.) Desm.)
35. Nectria canker
Nectria cinnabarina(Tode: Fr.) Fr.
(coral spot)
36. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Cobb
b. Dagger
Xiphinema spp.
c. Pin
Paratylenchus spp.
d. Root-knott
Meloidogyne spp.
e. Root lesiont
Pratylenchus spp.
37. Phyllosticta leaf spot Phyllosticta sp.
38. Phytophthora crown Phytophthoracactorum (Leb. & Cohn)
and root rot
Schroet.
39. Pink end (Bartlett)
Preharvest low temperature
40. Pink mold rot
Cephalothecium roseum Cda.
(= Trichothecium roseum Lk.: Fr.)
41. Powdery mildew
Podosphaeraleucotricha (Ell. & Ev.)
Salm.
42. Pseudomonas blossom Pseudomonassyringae van Hall
blast
43. Pythium dieback
Pythium spp.
48.
Virus suspected
f. in DC.
VenturiapirinaAderh.
(anamorph: Fusic/adium pyrinum
(Lib.) Fckl.)
Senescence
Armi//aria me/lea (Vahl: Fr.)
Kummer (= Armi//arie/la me/lea
(Vahl" Fr.) Karst.)
Phia/ophorama/orum (Kidd & Beaum.)
McColloch
Stereum purpureum (Pers.: Fr.) Fr.
G/oeodes pomigena (Schw.) Colby
Phytophthora cactorum (Leb. & Cohn)
Schroet.
Virus suspected
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)
William J. Hooker, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Air pollution
injury
2. Aster yellows
3. Black dot
4. Black heart
5. Black leg and
bacterial soft rot
6. Blackspot
7. Brown rot
8. Charcoal rot
9. Early blight
Pathogen or cause
Photochemical oxidants (primarily
ozone), sulfur oxides
Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)
Colletotrichum atramentarium (Berk.
& Br.) Taub. (- C. coccodes
(Wallr.) Hughes)
Oxygen deficiency of internal tuber
tissue, Bergey et al
Erwinia carotovora subsp.
atroseptica (van Hall) Dye
E. carotovorasubsp. carotovora
(Jones) Bergey et al
E. chrysanthemi Burkholder, McFadden
& Dimock
Bruising, pressure contact
Pseudomonassolanacearum (Smith)
Smith
Macrophominaphaseolina(Tassi)
G. Goid (= M. phaseoli (Maubl.)
Ashby)
Alternaria solani (Ell. & G. Martin)
Sorauer
Fusariumspp.
Fusariumspp.
Phoma exigua Desm.
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Fusarium dry rot
Fusarium wilt
Gangrene
Gray mold
14.
15.
16.
Hollow heart
Internal heat necrosis
(of tuber)
Jelly end rot
17.
18.
Late blight
Leak
19.
Leaf blotch
20.
Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Cyst, golden
Globodera rostochiensis
(Wollenweber) Mulvey & Stone
G. pa//ida (Stone) Mulvey & Stone
b. Dagger, American
Xiphinema americanum Cobb
c. False root-knot*
Nacobbus aberrans (Thorne) Thorne
& Allen
d. Pin
Paraty/enchus spp.
e. Potato rot
Dity/enchus destructor Thorne
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Excessively rapid tuber enlargement
Oxygen deficiency accompanying
high soil temperatures
Carbodydrate translocation
due to second growth
Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) dBy.
Pythium ultimum Trow
P. debaryanum Hesse
Pythium spp.
Cercosporaconcors (Casp.) Sacc.
(= Mycove/losie/la concors
(Casp.) Deighton)
Plant Disease/August 1985
665
f. Reniform
g. Root-knot*
h. Root lesion*
i. Spiral
j. Stubby-root
k. Stunt
Physiological
leaf roll
22. Pink eye
23. Pink rot
21.
24.
25.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford
& Oliviera
Meloidogyne spp.
Pratylenchuspenetrans (Cobb)
Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven
s.
Pratvlenchus
i.atylenchus spp.
spp.
Helicotylenchus
Rotylenchus spp.
spp.
Paratrichodorus
Scaespitosa
k tTrichodrus
Tylenchorhynchus claytoni Steiner
Tylenchorhynchus spp.9.Fsrurotrt
Response to adverse environment
PseudomonasfluorescensMigula
Phytophthoraerythroseptica Pethyb.
P. parasitica Dast.
P. cryptogea Pethyb. & Laff.
Phytophthora Pe .&
Erysiphe cichoracearum DC.
mildew
Powdery
Powdery scab
Erygsiphe cihoracsnearu DCl.)
Spongospora subterranea(Wallr.)
Powdery scab
Lagerh.
solani Kiihn
Rhizoctonia
canker
Rhizoctonia
(teleomorph" Thanatephorus
(black scurf)
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Rhizopus stolon(fer (Ehr.a Fr.)
Rhizopus soft rot
Vuill.
Vuill.
Rhizopus spp.
Clavibactermichiganense subsp.
Ring rot
sepedonicum (Spieckermann
& Kotthoff) Davis et al
(_ Corynebacteriumsepedonicum
(Spieckermann & Kotthoff)
Skaptason & Burkholder)
Streptomyces scabies (Thaxter)
Scab
29.smn
ya S esscaie
Waksman & Henrici
Streptomyces spp.
Resumption of tuber growth due to
Second growth
improved growing conditions
He/minthosporium solani Dur. & Mont.
Silver scurf
( Spondylocladium atrovirens
Harz)
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
Southern blight
(teleomorph: Althelia rolfsii
(Sclerotium stem
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
rot)
Exact cause(s) unknown, chemical
Stem-end browning
injury, PLRV or other viruses
Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke
Verticillium wilt
& Berth.
V. dahliae Kleb.
Virus, viroid, and mycoplasmalike (MLO) diseases:
Alfalfa mosaic virus and other
a. Calico
viruses
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV)
b. Leafroll
Potato virus A
c. Mild mosaic
Potato virus Y
d. Rugose mosaic
Potato spindle tuber viroid
e. Spindle tuber
Tomato spotted wilt virus
f. Spotted wilt
Tobacco rattle virus
mottle
g. Stem
(spraing)
Potato virus M
h. Virus M
Potato virus S
i. Virus S
Potato virus X
j. Virus X
MLO
k. Witches' broom
Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.)
Wart
Perc.
Scierotinia scierotiorum (Lib.) dBy.
White mold
Scierotinia spp.
(Sclerotinia rot)
*Common names of the nematode diseases of potato and of the nematodes
themselves.
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
E. W. Hanson, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Anther mold
2. Bacterial leaf spot
3. Blackpatch
666
Pathogen or cause
Botrytis anthophila Bond.
Pseudomonassyringae van Hall
Rhizoctonia leguminicola Gough
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
4. Black root rot
5. Common leaf spot
6. Curvularia
leaf blight
7. Cylindrocarpon
root rot
8. Downy mildew
9. Fusarium root rot
10. Leaf gall
11.
Leptodiscus crown
and root rot
& Elliott
Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Br.)
Ferr. (synanamorph: Chalara
elegans Nag Raj & Kendrick)
Pseudopeziza trifolii (Biv.-Bern.)
Fckl.
Curvulariatrifolii (Kauff.) Boedijn
Cylindrocarponehrenbergi Wr.
(teleomorph: Neonectria
(Fckl.) Wr.)
Peronosporatrifoliorum dBy.
FsrmoxprmSclh.
Fusariumoxysporum Schlecht.
F solani (Mart.) Appel & Wr.
Fusariums
Physoderma trifolii (Pass.) Karling
(= Urophlyctis trifolii (Pass.)
Magn.)
Mycoleptodiscus terrestris (Gerd.)
Ostazeski (anamorph: Leptodiscus
terrestrisGerd.)
Mycosphaerella carinthiacaJaap
12. Mid-vein spot
1.Nmtds(aaii)
13. Nematodes (parasitic):
Ditylenchus dipsaci (KUhn) Filipjev
a. Bulb and stem
Heterodera trifolii (Goffart)
b. Cyst (clover)
Oostenbk.
c. Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Cobb
Hoplolaimus spp.
d. Lance
Pratylenchus spp.
e. Pin
Criconemella spp.
f. Rin
Criconemella spp.
f. Ring
Meloidogyne spp.
g. Root-knot*
Pratylenchuspenetrans (Cobb)
h. Root lesion*
Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven
Pratylenchus spp.
Helicotylenchus spp.
i. Spiral
14. Northern anthracnose Kabatiella caulivora (Kirchn.) Karak.
Erysiphepolygoni DC.
15. Powdery mildew
Uromyces trifolii (Hedw. f. ex DC.)
16. Rust
Lev. var. fallens (Desm.) Arth.
Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss.
17. Sclerotinia crown
and root rot
Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.
18. Seed mold
Pythium debaryanum Hesse
19. Seed rots
and damping-off
Phoma trifolii E. M. Johnson
20. Spring black stem
& Valleau
Cymadothea trifolii (Pers.: Fr.) Wolf
21. Sooty blotch
22. Southern anthracnose Colletotrichum trifolii Bain
23. Stagonospora leaf spot Stagonosporarecedens (Massal.)
Jones & Weimer
and root rot
Cercosporazebrina Pass.
24. Summer black stem
Stemphylium sarciniforme (Cav.)
25. Target spot
Wiltsh.
(ring spot)
S. botryosum Wallr. (teleomorph:
Pleosporaherbarum (Fr.) Rabenh.)
Helicobasidiumpurpureum Pat.
26. Violet root rot
(anamorph: Rhizoctonia crocorum
(Pers.: Fr.) DC.)
27. Virus diseases:
Alfalfa mosaic virus
a. Alfalfa mosaic
Alsike clover mosaic virus
b. Alsike clover
mosaic
c. Bean yellow mosaic Bean yellow mosaic virus
Clover yellow mosaic virus
d. Clover yellow
mosaic
e. Common pea mosaicCommon pea mosaic virus
Wisconsin pea streak virus
f. Pea streak
Potato yellow dwarf virus
g. Potato yellow
dwarf
Red clover vein mosaic virus
h. Red clover
vein mosaic
Tobacco ringspot virus
i. Ring spot
White clover mosaic virus
j. White clover
mosaic
Witches' broom virus
k. Witches' broom
Coprinuspsychromorbidus Redhead
28. Winter crown rot
& Traquair
Plenodumus meliloti Dearn. & Sanf.
Typhula spp.
*Common names of the nematode diseases of red clover and of the nematodes
themselves.
Rhododendron (Rhododendron sp.)
D. M. Benson, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Botryosphaeria
dieback
Pathogen or cause
Botryosphaeriadothidea (Moug.: Fr.)
Ces & de Not. (anamorph:
DothiorellagregariaSacc.)
2. Botrytis leaf
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
and petal blight
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
3. Bud and twig blight
Briosia azaleae (Pk.) Dearn.
4. Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora handelii Bub.
5. Chrysomyxa leaf rust Chrysomyxa ledi dBy. var.
rhododendri (dBy.) Savile
C. roanensis (Arth.) Arth.
C. piperianaSacc. & Trott. ex Cumin.
6. Clitocybe root rot
Armillaria tabescens (Scop.: Fr.)
(mushroom root rot)
Dennis et al (= Clitocybe
tabescens (Scop.: Fr.) Bres.)
7. Coryneum leaf spot
Coryneum rhododendriSchw.
8. Crown gall
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith
& Townsend) Conn
9. Cryptostictis
Cryptostictis mariae (G. W. Clint.
leaf spot
ex Pk.) Sacc.
10. Cylindrocarpon
Cylindrocarpon radicicola
canker and wilt
(McAlp.) Wr.
11. Damping-off,
Pythium spp.
Pythium
12. Damping-off,
Rhizoctonia solani Kfihn
Rhizoctonia
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
13. Dodder
Cuscutagronocvii Willd.
14. Exobasidium leaf spot Exobasidium burtii Zeller
15. Glomerella canker
Glomerella cingulata(Ston.) Spauld.
and dieback
& Schrenk
16. Gray blight
Pestalotiasydowiana Bres.
17. Leaf and flower gall Exobasidium azaleae Peck
(= E. vaccinii Wor.)
18. Lophodermium leaf
Lophodermium schweinitzii M. Wils.
spot
& Robertson
19. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Cobb
b. Lance
Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb) Thorne
c. Sheath
Hemicycliophora spp.
d. Spiral
Helicotylenchus erythinae Sher
e. Stubby-root
Paratrichodorusspp.
f. Stunt
Tylenchorhynchus claytoni Steiner
20. Ovulinia petal blight Ovulinia azaleae Weiss
21. Pestalosphaeria
Pestalosphaeriaconcentrica Barr
leaf spot
22. Pestalotia leaf spot
Pestalotia rhododendriGuba
23. Phymatotrichum
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
root rot
(Shear) Dug.
(cotton root rot)
24. Phytophthora dieback Phytophthoranicotianae B. de Haan
var. parasitica (Dast.) Waterh.
P. cinnamomi Rands
P. citricola Saw.
P. citrophthora(R. E. Smn.
& E. H. Sm.) Leonian
P. heveae Thompson
P. lateralis Tucker & Milb.
P. cactorum (Leb. & Cohn) Schroet.
25. Powdery mildew
Microsphaerapenicillata
(Walir.: Fr.) L~v.
26. Pucciniastrum
Pucciniastrum vaccinii (Wint.)
leaf rust
Joerst.
27. Phytophthora root rot Phytophthoracactorum (Leb. & Cohn)
Schroet.
P. cinnamomi Rands
P. citricola Saw.
28. Septoria leaf spot
Septoria rhododendri Cke.
29. Shoestring root rot
Armillaria me/lea (Vahl: Fr.)
(oak root fungus)
Kummer (= Armillariella me/lea
•(Vahl"
Fr.) Karst.)
30. Spot anthracnose
Sphaceloma sp.
31. Stem canker
Cylindrocladium theae (Petch) Subram.
32. Virus disease:
a. Necrotic ringspot
Potato virus X group
33. Witches' broom
Exobasidium vaccinii-uliginosi Boud.
Rose (Rosa spp.)
D. L. Gill, Primary Collator
Common name
Pathogen or cause
1. Alternaria leaf spot
Alternaria brassicicola(Schw.)
Wiltsh.
A. brassicae (Berk.) Sacc.
f. microspora Brun.
A. alternata (Fr.) Keissl.
2. Anthracnose (or spot Elsinoý rosarum Jenkins & Bitanc.
anthracnose)
(anamorph: Sphaceloma rosarum
(Pass.) Jenkins)
3. Bacterial leaf spot
Pseudomonassyringae van Hall
4. Black mold
Chalarathielaviodes (Peyr.) Nag Raj
& Kendrick (= Chalaropsis
thielaviodes Peyr.)
5. Black spot
Diplocarponrosae Wolf
(anamorph: Actinonema rosae (Lib.)
Fr.) = Marssoninarosae (Lib.) Lind)
6. Botrytis bud
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
and twig blight
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
7. Brand canker
Coniothyrium wernsdorffiae Laub.
8. Brown canker
Cryptosporellaumbrina (Jenkins)
Jenkins & Wehm.
9. Cane blight canker
Botryosphaeriadothidea (Moug.: Fr.)
Ces. & de Not. (= B. ribis Gross.
& Dug.) (anamorph: Dothiorella
gregariaSacc.)
B. ribis Gross. & Dug.
var. chromogena Shear et al
Clathridium corticola (Fckl.)
Shoemaker & MUller (anamorph:
Semimatosporium lichenicola
(Cda.) Shoemaker & MUller)
10. Cercospora leaf spot Cercosporapuderi B. H. Davis
11. Common stem canker Leptosphaeriaconiothyrium (Fckl.)
Sacc. (anamorph: Coniothyrium
fuckelii Sacc.)
12. Crown canker
Cylindrocladiumscoparium Morg.
13. Crown gall
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith
& Townsend) Conn
14. Downy mildew
Peronosporasparsa Berk.
15. Fungal canker
Cryptosporium minimum Laub.
Nectria cinnabarina(Tode: Fr.) Fr.
Diaporthe eres Nits.
(anamorph: Phomopsis sp.)
Cytospora spp., Diplodia spp.
16. Graft canker
Coniothyrium rosarum Cke. & Harkn.
17. Hairy root
Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker
et al) Conn
18. Mycosphaerella
Mycosphaerella rosicola B. H. Davis
leaf spot
ex Dayton (anamorph: Cercospora
rosicola Pass.)
19. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Cobb
b. Dagger
Xiphinema spp.
c. Needle
Longidorus macrosoma Hopper
d. Ring
Criconemella spp.
e. Root-knot*
Meloidogyne spp.
f. Root lesion*
Pratylenchus spp.
g. Spiral
Helicotylenchus spp.
Rotylenchus spp.
h. Sting
Belonolaimus spp.
i. Stubby-root
Parat~richodorusminor (Colbran)
Siddiqi
j. Stunt
Tylenchorhynchus spp.
Merlinius brevidens (Allen) Siddiqi
20. Powdery mildew
Sphaerothecapannosa (Wallr.: Fr.)
L~v. var. rosae Wor.
21. Rust
Phragmidium mucronatum (Pers.)
Schlecht.
P. tuberculatum Muill, and seven
other Phragmidiumspp.
22. Septoria leaf spot
Septoria rosae Desm.
23. Verticillium wilt
Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berth.
24. Virus and uncharacterized graft-transmissible pathogen (GTP)
diseases:
a. Leaf curl
GTP, virus suspected
Plant Disease/August 1985
667
b. Mosaic
c. Ring pattern
mosaic
d. Rosette
e. Spring dwarf
f. Streak
Prunus necrotic ringspot virus
GTP, virus suspected
GTP, also mite-transmitted,
virus suspected
GTP
GTP, virus suspected
*Common names of the nematode diseases of rose and of the nematodes
themselves.
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench)
C. Wendell Hore, Primary Collator
Common name
Pathogen or cause
Gains
strictum W.
(.
Acremonium
Auct.)
acremonium
( =Cepha/osporium
(Ces.)
graminicola
Colletotrichum
2. Anthracnose
G. W. Wils. (teleomorph:
Glomerella graminicolaPolitis)
van Hall
,Pseudomonas syringae
3. Bacterial leaf spot
Xanthomonas campestris pv. holcicola
4. Bacterial leaf streak
Dye
(Elliott)
Pseudomonas andropogonis(Smith)
5. Bacterial leaf stripe
Stapp
Macrophominaphaseolina (Tassi)
6. Charcoal rot
G. Goid.
Colletotrichum graminicola(Ces.)
7. Colletotrichum
G. W. Wils
stalk rot
Sclerophthora macrospora (Sacc.)
8. Crazy top
Thirum. et al (= Sclerospora
downy mildew
macrospora Sacc.)
Aspergillus spp., Exserohilium sp.,
9. Damping-off
Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp.,
and seed rot
Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp.,
and other spp.
Peronosclerosporasorghi (Weston
10. Downy mildew
& Uppal) C. G. Shaw
(= Sclerospora sorghi Weston
& Uppal)
11. Fusarium head blight Fusariummoniliforme Sheld.
(teleomorph: Gibberellafujikuroi
(Saw.) Wr.)
Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp.,
12. Grain storage mold
Penicillium spp., and other spp.
Cercospora sorghi Ell. & Ev.
13. Gray leaf spot
Exserohilium turcicum (Pass.)
14. Leaf blight
Leonard & Suggs
(= Helminthosporium turcicum
Pass.) (teleomorph: Setosphaeria
turcica (Luttrell) Leonard
& Suggs (= Trichometasphaeria
turcica Luttrell)
15. Nematodes (parasitic):
Dolichodorus spp.
a. Awl
americanum Cobb
b. Dagger, American Xiphinema
Longidorus africanus Merny
c. Needle
and other spp.
Paraty/enchus spp.
d. Pin
Roty/enchulus spp.
e. Reniform
Criconeme/la spp.
f. Ring
Me/oidogyne spp.
g. Root-knot*
Praty/enchus spp.
h. Root lesion*
He/icoty/enchus spp.
i. Spiral
Be/ono/aimus /ongicaudatus Rau
j. Sting
Paratrichodorusminor (Colbran)
k. Stubby-root
Siddiqi
Paratrichodorusspp.
Ty/enchorhynchus spp.
1. Stunt
Mer/inius brevidens (Allen) Siddiqu
Periconia circinata (Mangin) Sacc.
16. Periconia root rot
Pythium graminico/a Subram.
17. Pythium root rot
Pythium spp.
Ascochyta sorghina Sacc.
18. Rough leaf spot
Pucciniapurpurea Cke.
19. Rust
Co//etotrichum graminico/a (Ces.)
20. Seedling blight
G. W. Wils.
and seed rot
Exserohi/ium turcicum (Pass.)
Leonard & Suggs
Acremonium wilt
668
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
21. Smut, covered kernel
22. Smut, head
23. Smut, loose kernel
24. Sooty stripe
(= Helminthosporium turcicum
Pass.)
Fusarium moniliforme Sheld.
Pythium aphanidermatum(Edson)
Fitzp. (= Pythium butleri Subram.)
Pythium spp.
Sphacelotheca sorghi (Lk.) Clint.
Sporosorium reilianum (KUhn)
Langdon & Fullerton
Sporosorium cruenta (KUhn)
Langdon & Fullerton
Ramulispora sorghi (Ell. & Ev.)
L. S. Olive & Lefebvre
Bipolaris cookei (Sacc.) Shoemaker
( Helminthosporium sorghicola
Lefebvre & Sherwin)
26. Virus and mycoplasmalike (MLO) diseases:
Maize chlorotic dwarf virus
a. dwarf
Maize chlorotic
Maize dwarf mosaic virus
b. Maize dwarf
mosaic
Yellow sorghum stunt MLO
c. Yellow sorghum
stunt
G/oeocercospora sorghi D. Bain & Edg.
27. Zonate leaf spot
25. Target leaf spot
*Common names of the nematode diseases of sorghum and of the nematodes
themselves.
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
D. W. Chamberlain, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Alternaria leaf spot
2. Anthracnose
3. Bacterial blight
4. Bacterial
crinkle-leaf
5. Bacterial pustule
6. Bacterial wilt
7. Black root rot
8. Brazilian
bud blight
9. Brown spot
10. Brown stem rot
11. Bud blight
12. Charcoal rot
13. Dactuliophora
leaf spot*
14. Downy mildew
15. Drechslera blight*
16. Frogeye leaf spot
17. Fusarium root rot
18. Fusarium blight
(wilt)
Pathogen or cause
Alternaria spp.
Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.: Fr.)
Grove f. truncata(Schw.) von Arx
Glomerella glycines Lehman & Wolf
Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea
(Coerper) Young et al
Pseudomonas syringae van Hall
(possibly)
Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines
(Nakano) Dye
Curtobacteriumflaccumfaciens
pv. flaccumfaciens (Hedges)
Collins & Jones (= Corynebacterium
flaccumfaciens (Hedges) Dowson)
Pseudomonassolanacearum (Smith)
Smith
Calonectriacrotalariae(Loos)
Bell & Sobers (anamorph:
Cylindrocladium crotalariae
(Loos) Bell & Sobers)
Tobacco streak virus
Septoria glycines Hemmi
(Allington
Phialophoragregata
& Chamberlain) Gains
(= Cepha/osporium gregatum
Allington & Chamberlain)
Tobacco ringspot virus
Macrophomnina phaseo/ina (Tassi)
Goid.
Dactuliophoraglycines Leaky
Peronospora manshurica (Naumu.)
Syd. ex Gaeumann
Drechs/era glycines Narayanasamy
& Durairaj
Cercospora sojina Hara
Fusarium spp.
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.
(several f. sp.: vasinfectum,
tracheiphi/um, and g/ycines)
Leptosphaeru/ina trifo/li (Rostr.)
Petr.
Myco/eptodiscus terrestris(Gerd.)
Ostazeski
19. Leptosphaerulina
leaf spot*
20. Mycoleptodiscus
root rot
21. Nematodes (parasitic):
Heterodera g/ycines Ichinohe
a. Cyst, soybean
b. Lance, Columbia
c. Lance
d. Reniform
e. Ring
f. Root-knott
g. Root lesiont
h. Sheath
i. Spiral
j. Sting
Hoplolaimus columbus Sher
Hoplolaimus galeatus (Cobb) Thorne
Rotylenchulus reniformis
Linford & Oliveira
Criconemella ornata (Raski)
Luc & Raski
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid
& White) Chitwood
M. hapla Chitwood
M. arenaria(Neal) Chitwood
M. avnanica (Treal) Chitwood
M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood
Pratylenchus spp.
Hemicycliophora spp.
f. Peanut stunt
g. Mosaic
h. Yellow mosaic
44. Wildfire
45. Yeast spot
*Not known to occur naturally on soybean in the United States of America at the
time this list was prepared.
tCommon names of the nematode diseases of soybean and of the nematodes
themselves.
Helicotylenchusspp.
Strawberry (FragariaX ananassaDuch.)
Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau
B. gracilis Steiner
Paratrichodorusminor (Colbran)
Siddiqi
Paratrichodorusspp.
1. Stunt
Tylenchorhynchus spp.
Merlinius spp.
Neocosmospora stem Neocosmospora vasinfecta E. F. Sm.
rot
Phomopsis seed rot
Phomopsis spp.
Phytophthora root
Phytophthoramegasperma (Drechs.)
and stem rot
var. sojae A. A. Hildebrand
Phyllosticta leaf spot Phyllosticta sojicola Massal.
Phymatotrichum
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
root rot
(Shear) Dug.
(cotton rot rot)
Pod and stem rot
Diaporthephaseolorum(Cke. & Ell.)
Sacc. var. sojae (Lehman) Wehm.
(anamorph: Phomopsis sojae
Lehman)
Powdery mildew
Microsphaeradiffusa Cke. & Pk.
Purple stain
Cercospora kikuchii (Matsumoto
& Tomoyasu) Gardner
Pyrenochaeta
Pyrenochaetaglycines Stewart
leaf spot*
Pythium damping-off Pythium aphanidermatum(Edson) Fitzp.
and rot
P. debaryanum Hesse
P. irregulare Buis.
P. myriotylum Drechs.
P. ultimum Trow
Red crown rot
Calonectriacrotalariae(Loos)
Bell & Sobers (anamorph:
Cylindrocladium crotalariae
(Loos) Bell & Sobers)
Rhizoctonia
Rhizoctonia solani Kiihn
aerial blight
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Rhizoctonia
Rhizoctonia solani Kuihn
damping-off,
root and stem rot
Rust*
PhakopsorapachyrhiziSyd.
Scab*
Sphaceloma glycines Kurata
& Kuribayashi
Sclerotinia stem rot
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Stephen Wilhelm, Primary Collator
k. Stubby-root
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Southern blight
(damping-off
and stem rot)
39. Stem canker
40.
Stemphylium
leaf blight*
41.
Target spot
42.
Thielaviopsis root rot
43.
Virus diseases:
a. Alfalfa mosaic
b. Bean pod mottle
c. Brazilian bud
blight
d. Bud blight
e. Cowpea chlorotic
mottle
Peanut stunt virus
Soybean mosaic virus
Soybean yellow mosaic virus
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci
(Wolf & Foster) Young et al
Nematospora coryli Pegl.
(Lib.) dBy.
Sclerotium ro/fsii Sacc.
(teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
Diaporthephaseolorum(Cke. & Ell.)
Sacc. var. caulivora Athow
& Caldwell
Stemphylium botryosum Wallr.
(teleomorph: Pleospora herbarum
(Fr.) Rabenh.)
Corynespora cassiicola (Berk.
& Curt.) Wei
Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Br.)
Ferr. (synanamorph: Chalara
elegans Nag Raj & Kendrick)
Alfalfa mosaic virus
Bean pod mottle virus
Tobacco streak virus
Tobacco ringspot virus
Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus
Common name
Pathogen or cause
1. Angular leaf spot
2. Anther and pistil
blight
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
XanthomonasfragariaeKennedy & King
RhizoctoniafragariaeHasain
& McKeen (teleomorph:
Ceratobasidiumsp.)
Anthracnose
ColletotrichumfragariaeA. N. Brooks
and anthracnose
C. dematium (Pers.: Fr.) Grove
fruit rot
C. acutatum Simmonds
C. gloeosporioides(Penz.) Sacc.
(teleomorph: Glomerella cingulata
(Ston.) Spauld. & Schrenk)
Gloeosporium spp.
Alternaria fruit rot
Alternaria tenuissima (Fr.) Wiltsh.
Black leaf spot
Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.
f. sp.fragariae(in Korea
and New Zealand)
Colletotrichumfragariae A. N. Brooks
Black root
RhizoctoniafragariaeHusain & McKeen
(disease complex)
Coniothyriumfuckelii Sacc.
(teleomorph: Ieptosphaeria
coniothyrium (Fckl.) Sacc.)
Idriella lunata Nelson & Wilhem
Pyrenochaetasp.
Pythium ultimum Trow
Pythium spp.
Cauliflower disease
Rhodococcus rubropertinctus(Hefferan)
(complex)
Goodfellow & Alderson
(- Corynebacteriumfascians(Tilford)
Dowson) and Aphelenchoides
fragariae(Ritzema-Bos) Christie
Charcoal rot
Macrophominaphaseolina(Tassi)
G. Goid. (= Botryodiplodia
phaseoli (Maubl.) Thirum.)
Common leaf spot and Mycrosphaerellafragariae(Tul.)
black seed disease
Lindau (anamorph: Ramularia
tulasnei Sacc.)
Dematophora crown Rosellinia necatrix Prill.
and root rot
(anamorph: Dematophora necatrix
(western white
Hartig)
root rot)
1 1. Fruit rots
(in addition to
those appearing
elsewhere in
this listing)
12.
Gray mold
13.
Hard brown rot
14.
Leaf blotch
15.
Leaf scorch
(red spot)
Aspergillus niger v. Tiegh.
Cladosporium spp.
Mucor mucedo L.: Fr.
M. piriformis Fischer
M. hiemalis Wehmer f. sp. hiemalis
M. hiemalis Wehmer f. sp. sylvaticus
Penicillium frequentans Westling
P. cyc/opium Westling
P. expansum Link
P. purpurogenum Stoll
Peronosporapotentillae d By.
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botr, otinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Rhizoctonia solani Kiuhn
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Gnomonia comari Karst. (anamorph:
ZythiafragariaeLaibach)
G. fragariaeKleb.
Diplocarpon earliana (Ell. & Ev.)
Wolf (anamorph: Marssonina
potentillae (Desm.) P. Magnus
Plant Disease/August 1985
669
Leather rot
16.
var..fragariae(Sacc.) P. Magnus
= M. fragariae(Lib.) Kleb.)
Phytophthoracactorum (Leb. & Cohn)
Schroet.
P. citrophthora(R. E. Sm.
& E. H. Sm.) Leonian
Nematodes (parasitic):1.Atraa
17.
a. Bulb and stem
b. Bud and leaf
(crimp, spring)
c. Bud and leaf
(crimp, summer)
d. Dagger, American
e. Dagger
f. Root-knot*
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Ditv'enchus dipsaci (Kuihn) Filipjev
Aphelenchoidesfragariae
(Ritzema-Bos) Christie
A. ritzemlabosi (Schwartz)
Steiner & Buhrer
Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie
Xiphinema americanum Cobb.
Xiphinema spp.
Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood
Meloidogyne spp.
Pratylenchuspenetrans (Cobb)
g. Root lesion*
Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven
P. pratensis (de Man) Filipjev
P. scribneri Steiner
P. coffeae (Zimmerman) Filipjev
& Schuurmans-Stekhoven
Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau
h. Sting
B. gracilis Steiner
Phomopsis leaf blight Phomopsis obscurans(Ell. & Ev.)
Sutton (= Dendrophoma obscurans
and soft rot
Ell. & Ev.) H. W. Anderson)
Sphaerotheca macularis (Wallr.: Fr.)
Powdery mildew
Magnus f.fragariae Jacz.
(including
(= S. humuli (DC.) Burr.)
fruit rot)
PhytophthorafragariaeHickm.
Red stele
Rhizoctonia solani Kiuhn
Rhizoctonia bud
and crown rot,
leaf blight,
and root rot
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehr.: Fr.) Vuill.
Rhizopus rot (leak)
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) dBy.
Sclerotinia crown
and fruit rot
Septoriafragariae(Lib.) Desm.
Septoria hard rot
and leaf spot
Armillaria mellea (Vahl: Fr.)
Shoestring root rot
Kummer (= Armillariellamellea
(oak root fungus)
(Vahl: Fr.) Karst.)
Sclerotium ro/fsii Sacc. (teleomorph:,
Southern blight
A-4thelia rolfsii Curzi) Tu
(Sclerotium rot)
& Kimbrough)
Aphelenchoidesfragariae
Spring dwarf
(Ritzema-Bos) Christie
A. ritzemlabosi (Schwartz)
Steiner & Buhrer
Gnomonia comari Karst.
Stem-end rot
Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie
Summer dwarf
Pezizella oenetherae (Cke. & Ell.)
Tan-brown rot
Sacc. (= Discohainesia
(of fruit)
oenetherae (Cke. & Ell.) Nannf.)
(anamorph: Hainesia lythri
(Desm.) Hoehn.)
Vertici/lium albo-atrum Reinke
& Berth.
V. dah/iae Kleb.
Virus and mycoplasmalike (MLO) diseases:
MLO
a. Aster yellows
Strawberry crinkle virus
b. Crinkle
(aphid-borne)
MLO (leafhopper-borne)
c. Green petal
(clover phyllody)
Strawberry latent C virus
d. Latent C
Strawberry mild yellow edge virus
e. Mild yellow edge
Verticillium wilt
f. Mottle
g. Necrotic shock
h. Pallidosis
i. Tomato ringspot
j. Vein banding
k. Xanthosis
(aphid-borne)
Strawberry mottle virus (aphid-borne)
Virus
Viruslike
Tomato ringspot virus
Strawberry vein banding virus
(aphid-borne)
Virus
*Common names of the nematode diseases of strawberry and of the nematodes
themselves.
670
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)
W. J. Martin, Primary Collator
Common name efso
1. Alternaria leaf spot
and storage rot
2. Bacterial soft rot
3. Bacterial wilt
and root rot
4. Black rot
5. Blue mold rot
6. Botrytis storage
rot
7. Brown ring of roots
8. Cercospora leaf spot
9. Charcoal rot
10. Dry rot
11. End rot
12. False broomrape
13. Foot rot
14. Fusarium stem rot
15. Gray mold rot
16. Java black rot
17. Leaf blight
18. Leaf mold
19.
Mottle necrosis
20. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Bulb and stem
b. Burrowing
c. Dagger, American
d. Dagger
e. Pin
f. Reniform
g. Root-knot*
h. Spiral
i. Sting
j. Stubby-root
21.
22.
23.
24.
k. Stunt
Phymatotrichum
root rot
(cotton root rot)
Proliferation disease
Punky rot
Pink root
Rhizoctonia
rootlet rot,
sprout rot,
and stem canker
26. Rootlet rot
25.
29.
Rust
Sclerotinia sprout
rot
Scurf
30.
31.
Septoria leaf spot
Soft rot
27.
28.
32. Soil rot
(pox, pit)
or cause
Pathogen
Alrniap.
Alternaria spp.
Erwinia carotovora (Jones)
Bergey et al
Erwinia chrysanthemi Burkholder,
McFadden & Dimock
CeratocystisfimbriataEll. & Halst.
Penicillium spp.
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kiihn)
Filipjev
Cercospora sp.
Macrophominaphaseolina(Tassi)
G. Goid.
Diaporthe batatatisHarter & Field
Fusariumsolani (Mart.) Sacc.
emend. Snyd. & Hans.
Fusarium spp.
Unknown
Plenodomus destruens Harter
Fusariumoxysporum Schlecht.
f. batatas (Wr.) Snyd. & Hans.
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
Diplodia tubericola (Ell. & Ev.)
Taub. (= D. theobromae (Pat.)
Nowell) (teleomorph: Physalospora
rhodina (Berk. & Curt.) Cke.)
Phyllosticta batatas (Thuem.) Cke.
Choanephora cucurbitarum(Berk.
& Rav.) Thaxt.
Pythium spp.
Phytophthoraspp.
Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kiihn) Filipjev
Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne
Xiphinema americanum Cobb
Xiphinema spp.
Paratylenchusspp.
Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford
& Oliveira
Meloidogyne spp.
Helicotylenchus spp.
Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau
Paratrichodorusminor (Colbran)
Siddiqi
Paratrichodorusspp.
Tylenchorhynchus spp.
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
(Shear) Dug.
Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)
Trichoderma spp.
Pyrenochaeta terrestris (Hans.)
Gorenz et al
Rhizoctonia so/ani Kfihn
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Pythium spp.
Streptomyces ipomoea (Person
& W. J. Martin) Waksman & Henrici
Co/eosporium ipomoeae (Schw.) Burr.
Sc/erotinia minor Jagger
Moni/ochaetes infuscans
Ell. & Halst. ex Harter
Septoria batatico/a Taub.
Rhizopus sto/onifer (Ehr." Fr.)
Vuill.
Rhizopus spp.
Streptomyces ipomoea (Person
& W. J. Martin) Waksman & Henrici
33. Southern blight and
circular spot
34. Spot anthracnose
35. Storage rot
36. Surface rot
37. Tip rot
38. Violet root rot
39. Virus diseases:
a. Curly top
b. Feathery mottle
(chlorotic
leaf spot,
ringspot)
c. Internal cork
d. Mild mottle
e. Mosaic
f. Russet crack
g. Vein mosaic
h. Yellow dwarf
40. White rust
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
(teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii (Curzi)
Tu & Kimbrough)
Elsinoý batatas Viegas & Jenkins
Sclerotinia sp.
Epicoccum sp.
Mucor racemosus Fres.
Fusarium solani(Mart.) Sacc. emend.
Snyd. & Hans.
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.
F. solani (Mart.) Sacc. emend.
Snyd. & Hans.
Unknown
Helicobasidiumpurpureum Pat.
(anamorph: Rhizoctonia crocorum
(Pers.: Fr.) DC.)
Beet curly top virus
Sweet potato feathery mottle virus
Virus or viruslike
Sweet potato mild mottle virus
(white-fly transmitted)
Tobacco mosaic virus
Sweet potato feathery mottle virus
Sweet potato vein mosaic virus
Virus or viruses suspected
Albugo ipomoeae-panduranae
(Schw.) Swing.
*Common name of a nematode disease of sweet potato and of the nematode itself.
Goodfellow & Alderson
(= Corynebacteriumfascians
(Tilford) Dowson)
24. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Bulb and stem
Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kiihn) Filipjev
(stem break)
(in Europe)
b. Cyst
Globoderasolanacearum (Miller
& Gray) Mulvey & Stone
G. tabacum (Lownsbery & Lownsbery)
Mulvey & Stone
c. Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Cobb
d. Foliar
Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi
(Schwartz) Steiner
e. Root-knot*
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid
& White) Chitwood
M. hapla Chitwood
Meloidogyne spp.
f. Root lesion*
Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey)
(brown root rot)
Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven
P.penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev
& Schuurmans-Stekhoven
Pratylenchus spp.
g. Spiral
Helicotylenchus spp.
h. Stubby-root
Paratrichodorusspp.
Trichodorus spp.
i. Stunt
Tylenchorhynchus spp.
Merlinius spp.
25. Olpidium seedling
Olpidium brassicae(Wor.) Dang.
blight
26. Phyllosticta leaf spot Phyllosticta nicotiana Ell. & Ev.
27. Powdery mildew
Erysiphe cichoracearum DC.
28. Ragged leaf spot
Ascochyta phaseolorum Sacc.
29.
Scab
Fusariumaffine Fautr. & Lamb.
30. Sore shin
and damping-off
Rhizoctonia solani KUhn
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
Tobacco (Nicotianatabacum L.)
31.
C. J. Nusbaum, Primary Collator
Common name
Pathogen or cause
Pseudomonas angulata (Fromme
1. Angular leaf spot
& Murray) Holland
Colletotrichum destructivum O'Gara
12. Anthracnose
3. Barn spot
Cercospora nicotianae Ell. & Ev.
4. Barn rot
Several fungi
5. Black root rot
Thielaviopsis basicola(Berk. & Br.)
Ferr. (synanamorph: Chalara
elegans Nag Raj & Kendrick)
6. Black shank
7. Blue mold
(downy mildew)
8. Broomrape
9. Brown root rot
10. Brown spot
11. Charcoal rot
12.
13.
Collar rot
Damping-off,
Pythium
14.
15.
16.
17.
Dodder
Drought spot
False broomrape
Frenching
18.
Frogeye leaf spot
19. Fusarium wilt
PhytophthoraparasiticaDast. var.
nicotianae(B. de Haan) Tucker
PeronosporatabacinaAdam
Orobanche ramosa L.
0. ludoviciana Nutt.
Pratylenchus spp.
Alternaria alternata(Fr.) Keissl.
Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi)
G. Goid.
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Pythium ultimum Trow
P. aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp.
P. debaryanum Hesse
Cuscuta spp.
Drought
Unknown
Metabolite of Bacillus cereusp.Sut(anoly
Frankland & Frankland
Cercospora nicotianae Ell. & Ev.
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.
(several f. spp.)
20.
Granville wilt
Pseudomnonas solanacearum (Smith)
Smith
21.
22.
Gray mold
Hollow stalk
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
Erwinia carotovora (Jones)
Bergey et al
Southern blight
(teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kiihn) Filipjev
Pythium ultimum Trow
32. Stem break
(in Europe)
33. Stem rot
of transplants
34. Sunburn
UV light
35. Verticillium wilt
Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke
& Berth.
V. dahliae Kleb.
36. Virus and mycoplasmalike (MLO) diseases:
a. Alfalfa mosaic
Alfalfa mosaic virus
b. Aster yellows
c. Beet curly top
d. Bushy top
(Malawi and
Zimbabwe only)
e. Cucumber mosaic
f. Etch
g. Leaf curl
h. Mosaic
MLO
Beet curly top virus
Tobacco vein distorting virus
and tobacco bushy top virus
in combination
Cucumber mosaic virus
Tobacco etch virus
Tobacco leaf curl virus
Tobacco mosaic virus
i. Necrosis
k. Rattle
1. Ring spot
m. Rosette disease
Tobacco necrosis virus
Peanut stunt virus
Tobacco rattle virus
Tobacco ringspot virus
Tobacco vein distorting virus
(Malawi and
and tobacco mottle virus
j. Peanut stunt
Zimbabwe only)
n. Stolbus (Europe
only)
o. Streak
q. Tomton sJpotte
r. Veinmanosotdin
in combination
MLO
Tobacco streak virus
Tbcosutvis
wlt)Tomatco spttedwit virus
PoltToato vrspteY
itviu
s. Vein mottle
t. Wound tumor
37. Weather fleck
38. Wildfire
Tobacco vein mottle virus
Wound tumor virus
Ozone
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci
39. Witchweed
Striga gesnerioides (Willd.)
(Wolf & Foster) Young et al
Vatke
E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica
(van Hall) Dye
23.
Leaf gall
Rhodococcus rubropertinctus(Hefferan)
*Common names of she nematode diseases of tobacco and of the nematodes
themselves.
Plant Disease/August 1985
671
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
John Paul Jones, Primary Collator
Common name
1. Anthracnose
2. Bacterial blight
3. Bacterial canker
4. Bacterial soft rot
and stem rot
5. Bacterial speck
6. Bacterial spot
7. Bacterial wilt
8. Black dot
root rot
9.
Black mold rot
10. Black shoulder
11. Black spot
12. Buckeye rot
13. Corky root
14. Cercospora leaf spot
15. Charcoal rot
16. Crown rot
17. Early blight
18. Frenching
19. Fusarium fruit rot
20. Fusarium wilt
21.
Gray leaf spot
22. Gray mold
and ghost spot
23. Gray wall/internal
browning
24. Late blight
25. Leaf mold
26. Nailhead spot
27. Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Cyst
b. Dagger, American
c. False root-knot*
d. Root-knot*
28. Phytophthora
damping-off
672
& Scarlett
Pleosporalycopersici El. Marchal
& Em. Marchal
Leveillula taurica (Lev.) Arn.
Powdery mildew
(anamorph: Oidiopsis taurica
Salmon)
Pythium damping-off Pythium spp.
and root rot
Rhizoctonia solani KUhn
Rhizoctonia
(teleomorph: Thanatephorus
damping-off,
cucumeris (Frank) Donk)
canker,
stem
soil
rot
and
Myrothecium roridum Tode: Fr.
Ring rot
Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehr.: Fr.)
Ripe rot
Vuill.
Pathogen or cause
31. Pleospora rot
Co/letotrichum phomoides (Sacc.)
Chester
Col/etotrichum spp.
Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder)
Dowson
Clavihacter michiganense subsp.
michiganense (Smith) Davis et al
michiganense
Corynebacterium
((Smith)
Jensen)
carotovora
subsp.
Erwinia carotovora
(Jones) Bergey et al
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
32.
(Okabe) Young et al
Xanthomonas campestris pv.
vesicatoria(Doidge) Dye
Pseudomonas solanacearum (Smith)
Smith
Colletotrichum atramentarium(Berk.
& Br.) Taub. (- C. coccodes
(Wallr.) Hughes)
Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.
Pleospora herbarum (Fr.) Rabenh.
(anamorph: Stemphylium botryosum
Wallr.)
Alternaria alternata(Fr.) Keissl.
Phoma destructiva Plowr.
Phytophthoranicotianae B. de Haan
var. parasitica(Dast.) Waterh.
Pyrenochaetalycopersici Schneider
& Gerlach
Cercosporacanescens Ell. & G. Martin
Macrophominaphaseolina (Tassi)
G. Goid.
Fusariumoxysporum Schlecht.
F. oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp.
lycopersici
Alternaria solani Auct.
Probably exopathogenic soilborne
microorganisms
Fusarium spp.
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp.
lycopersici
Stemphylium solani Weber
S. floridanum Hannon & Weber
Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.
(teleomorph: Botryotinia
fuckeliana (dBy.) Whetz.)
Physiological and influenced
by tobacco mosaic virus;
Erwinia herbicola (Lohnis) Dye
37. Sclerotinia fruit
and stem rot
38. Septoria leaf spot
39. Sour rot
33.
34.
35.
36.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
*Common names of the nematode diseases of tomato and of the nematodes
themselves.
Turfgrass (several cultivated spp.)
Cladosporiumfulvum Cke.
Alternaria tomato (Cke.) Brinkman
Globoderaspp.
Xiphinema americanum Cobb
Nacobbuss5pp.
Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid
& White) Chitwood
M. chitwoodi Golden et al
M. microtyla Mulvey
Tylenchorhvnchus claytoni Steiner
Tyvlenchorhynchus spp.
Merlinius spp.
Phytophthora nicotianae B. de Haan
var. parasitica(Dast.) Waterh.
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
Sclerotiniasclerotiorum (Lib.) dBy.
Septoria lycopersici Speg.
Geotrichum candidum Lk. (- Oospora
lactis (Fres.) Sacc.)
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
Southern blight
(teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.
Stem canker
f. sp. lycopersici
Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae
Syringae leaf spot
van Hall
Corynesporacassiicola (Berk.
Target spot
& Curt.) Wei
Verticillium dahliae Kleb.
Verticillium wilt
V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berth.
Virus and mycoplasmalike (MLO) diseases:
Alfalfa mosaic virus
a. Alfalfa mosaic
Tomato aspermy virus
b. Aspermy
MLO
c. Big bud
Tomato bushy stunt virus
d. Bushy stunt
e. Cucumber mosaic Cucumber mosaic virus
Beet curly top virus
f. Curly top
Tobacco mosaic virus
g. Double virus
plus potato virus X
streak
Tobacco mosaic virus
h. Mosaic
Pseudocurly top virus
i. Pseudocurly top
Tomato ringspot virus
j. Ring spot
Tomato spotted wilt virus
k. Spotted wilt
Tobacco etch virus
1. Tobacco etch
Potato virus Y
m. Virus Y
Tomato yellow top virus
n. Yellow top
Pythium ultimum Trow
Water mold
frequently involved
Phytophthorainfestans (Mont.) dBy.
eMeoooiio*oraylnchusppentrn (Cb)(Munro)
u
chueermans-Stekoven
Prtye
e.Rotleio*
Filipev &(Lolium
spp
fPSprlreactylenchus
Belonotlaimhuslogiauats. a
g. Stingl
Paratrichodorusminor (Colbran)
h.Sub-ot
h.iSubbyroottenuifolia
i. Stunt
29. Phytophthora root rot PhytophthoraparasiticaDast.
P. capsici Leonian
Pseudomonas corrugata Roberts
30. Pith necrosis
Houston B. Couch, Primary Collator
Abbreviations of names of turfgrass cultivars for the turfgrass suscept
(TS) column are: an-blu, annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.); k-blu,
Kentucky bluegrass (P. pratensis L.); cl-bnt, colonial bentgrass
(Agrostis tenuis Sibth.); cr-bnt, creeping bentgrass (A. palustris Huds.);
TC15-bnt, Toronto C-I5 bentgrass (A. palustris Huds. cv. toronto);
vl-bnt, velvet bentgrass (A. canina L.); brmu, bermudagrass (C~vnodon
dactylon (L.) Pers.); cntp, centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides
Hack.); ch-fs, chewing fescue (Festuca rubrasubsp, commutata
Gaud.); r-fs, red fescue (F. rubra subsp, rubra L.); an-ry, annual ryegrass
multiflorum Lam.); pn-ry, perennial ryegrass (L. perenne L.);
st-aug, St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze);
t-fs, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.); zoy, zoysiagrass (Zoysia
spp., including Z. japonica Steud., Z. matrella (L.) Merr., and Z.
Willd. ex Trin.); and all trfgr, all cultivated turfgrasses.
Cmo
ae
1. Anthracnose
T
an-blu
'cr-bnt
brmu
ahgno
as
Co/letotrichum graminicola
(Ces.) Wils.
(teleomorph: Glomerella
k-blu
cntp
r-fs
t-fs
pn-ry
2. Ascochyta
leaf spot
3. Bacterial wilt
4. Brown blight
5. Brown stripe
6. Cercospora
leaf spot
7. Copper spot
8. Coprinus snow
mold (winter
crown rot)
9. Curvularia
blight
(fading out)
olr pt
graminicolaPolitis)
Microdochium bolleyi
(Sprague) de Hoog
& Hemanides-Nijhof
(anamorph: Gloeosporium
bolleyi Sprague)
Ascochyta desmazieri Cav.
A. sorghi Sacc.
vl-bnt
k-blu
r-fs
t-fs
an-ry
pn-ry
TC15-bnt Xanthomonas campestris
(Pammel) Dowson
an-ry
Drechslerasiccans
(Drechs.) Shoemaker
pn-ry
(= Helminthosporium
t-fs
siccans Drechs.)
(teleomorph: Pyrenophora
lolii Dovaston)
D. dictyoides (Drechs.)
Shoemaker
(= Helminthosporium
dictyoides Drechs.)
(teleomorph: Pyrenophora
dictyoides Paul
& Parbery)
Scolecotrichum graminis
cl-bnt
Fckl. (= Cercosporidium
cr-bnt
graminis (Fckl.)
k-blu
Deighton)
r-fs
an-ry
pn-ry
t-fs
Cercosporafestucae
t-fs
Hardison
st-aug
C. fusimaculans Atk.
Gloeocercosporasorghi
cl-bnt
D. Bain & Edg.
cr-bnt
vl-bnt
Coprinuspsychromorbidus
cr-bnt
Redhead & Traquair
k-blu
r-fs
t-fs
Curvulariageniculata
an-blu
(Tracy & Earle) Boedijn
cr-bnt
(teleomorph:
cl-bnt
Pseudocochliobolus
k-blu
geniculatus (Nelson)
pn-ry
Tsuda et al)
C. inaequalis(Shear)
Boedijn
C. intermedia Boedijn
(teleomorph:
Cochliobolus intermedius
Nelson)
Curvularia
lunata (Wakker)
Boedijn (teleomorph:
10.
a-bnt
cl
cr-bnt
vl-bnt
brmu
cntp
k-bfu
Pseudocochliobolus
lunatus (Nelson & Haasis)
Tsuda et al)
Lazia
ollr pp.andDrechs.
sot
a-bl
Moeneroiaancspp
pp
(MSe/lerotinia
homoeocarpa F. T.
Bennett)
r-fs
an-ry
st-aug
11I. Downy mildew
(see also
yellow tuft)
zoy
cr-bnt
k-blu
pn-ry
st-aug
t-fs
st-augall
Sc/erophthora macrospora
(Sacc.) Thirum. et al
(- Sc/erospora
macrospora Sacc.)d.LneHpoausp.
Sc/erosporagraminico/a
12. Drechslera
leaf blight
and crown rot
cr-bnt
13. Fairy rings
all trfgr
14. Frost scorch
15. Fusarium blight
k-blu
an-blu
cl-bnt
cr-bnt
cntp
k-blu
r-fs
an-ry
pn-ry
t-fs
an-blu
16. Fusarium patch
cl-bnt
(pink snow
cr-bnt
mold)
vl-bnt
brmu
k-blu
r-fs
an-ry
pn-ry
t-fs
brmu
17. Gray leaf spot
st-aug
18. Helminthosporium k-blu
r-fs
blight
an-ry
pn-ry
t-fs
19. Helminthosporium zoy
crown and
root rot
20. Helminthosporium brmu
crown and
stem necrosis
21.
Helminthosporium brmu
leaf blotch
22. Helminthosporium an-blu
cr-bnt
leaf spot
k-blu
r-fs
pn-ry
t-fs
23. Melting-out
Drechslera catenaria
(Drechs.) Ito
(= Helminthosporium
cantenarium Drechs.)
Several species
of Agaricales
and Gastromycetales
Sclerotium rhizodes Auersw.
Fusarium crookwellense
Burgess et al
F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.)
Sacc. (= F. roseum
Lk.: Fr. f. sp. cerealis
'culmorum')
F. poae (Pk.) Wr.
(= F. tricinctum (Cda.)
Sacc. f. sp. poae)
Fusariumnivale Ces. ex
Sacc. (= Microdochium
nivalis (Fr.) Samuel
& Hallett, = Gerlachia
nivalis (Ces. ex Sacc.)
W. Gams & E. MUller)
(teleomorph:
Monographella nivalis
(Schaffnit) E. MUller)
Pyriculariagrisea (Cke.)
Sacc.
Drechslera dictyoides
(Drechs.) Shoemaker
(= Helminthosporium
dictyoides Drechs.)
(teleomorph: Pyrenophora
dictyoides Paul
& Parbery)
Bipolaris tetramera
(McKinney) Shoemaker
(= Helminthosporium
tetramera McKinney)
Bipolarisspicifera
(Bain) Subram.
(= Helminthosporium
spiciferum (Bain)
Nicot.) (teleomorph:
Cochliobolus spicifer
Nelson)
Bipolariscynodontis
(Marig.) Shoemaker
(= Helminthosporium
cynodontis Marig.)
(teleomorph: Cochliobolus
cynodontis Nelson)
Bipolarissorokiniana
(Sacc. in Sorok.)
Shoemaker
(sativum
He/minthosporium
Pam. et al)
(teleomorph:
Coch/iobo/us sativus
(Ito & Kurib. in Kurib.)
ex Dast.)
Drechs/erapoae
(Baudys) Shoemaker
(= He/minthosporium
vagans Drechs.)
Leptosphaeria korrae Walker
& Smith
an-blu
k-blu
an-ry
pn-ry
t-fs
24. Necrotic
k-blu
ring spot
r-fs
ch-fs
25. Nematodes; several species of endoparasitic and ectoparasitic rootcolonizing nematodes, including one or more of the following:
trfgr
a. Awl
Do/ichodorus spp.
b. Cyst
Heterodera spp.
c agrXpieasp
d. Lancer
Hop/o/aemua spp.
e. Needle
Longidorus spp.
(Sacc.) Schroet.
Plant Disease/August 1985
673
f. Pin
g. Ring
h. Root-knot*
i. Root lesion*
j. Spiral
k. Sting
1. Stubby-root
m. Stunt
26. Nigrospora
blight
27. Phleospora
leaf spot
28. Pink patch
Polymyxa
root rot
30. Powdery mildew
29.
31.
Pyrenochaeta
root rot
32. Pythium blight
33. Pythium root rot
34. Red leaf spot
35. Red thread
36. Rhizoctonia
blight
(brown patch)
37. Rhizoctonia
leaf and
sheath spot
38.
674
Rust, leaf
k-blu
r-fs
pn-ry
st-aug
t-fs
r-fs
pn-ry
cr-bnt
brmu
brmu
k-blu
r-fs
cr-bnt
brmu
k-blu
r-fs
cl-bnt
cr-bnt
vl-bnt
brmu
k-blu
r-fs
an-ry
pn-ry
t-fs
cl-bnt
cr-bnt
vl-bnt
brmu
k-blu
r-fs
an-ry
pn-ry
t-fs
cl-bnt
cr-bnt
vl-bnt
cl-bnt
cr-bnt
brmu
k-blu
r-fs
pn-ry
an-blu
cl-bnt
cr-bnt
vl-bnt
brmu
k-blu
r-fs
an-ry
pn-ry
st-aug
t-fs
zoy
cr-bnt
brmu
cntp
k-blu
pn-ry
t-fs
blu
Paratylenchusspp.
Criconemella sp.
Meloidogyne spp.
Pratylenchus spp.
Helicotylenchus spp.
Belonolaimus sp.
Paratrichodorusspp.
Tylenchorhynchus spp.
Merlinius spp.
Nigrosporasphaerica
(Sacc.) Mason
Phleosporagraminearum
Sprague & Hardison
Limonomyces roseipellis
Stalpers & Loerakker
L. culmigenus (Webster
& Reid) Stalpers
& Loerakker
Polymyxa graminis Ledingham
an-ry
pn-ry
bnt
fs
an-blu
k-blu
fs
39.
Rust, stem
40. Rust, stripe
41.
Rusts
Erysiphe graminis DC.: Fr.
Pyrenochaetaterrestris
(Hans.) Gorenz et al
Pythium aphanidermatum
(Edson) Fitzp.
P. graminicolaSubram.
P. myriotylum Drechs.
P. torulosum Coker
& Patterson
P. ultimum Trow
P. vanterpoolii V. Kooyeas
& H. Kooyeas
Pythium spp.
Pythium aphanidermatum
(Edson) Fitzp.
P. graminicolaSubram.
P. myriotylum Drechs.
Pythium spp.
Drechslera erythrospila
(Drechs.) Shoemaker
(= Helminthosporium
erythrospilum Drechs.)
(teleomorph: Pyrenophora
erythrospilaPaul)
Laetisariafuciformis
(McAlp.) Burdsall
(= Corticiumfuciforme
Wakef.)
42. St. Augustine
decline
43. Scald
44. Sclerotium blight
(southern
blight)
blu
bnt
fs
ry
blu
bnt
fs
ry
an-blu
cl-bnt
cr-bnt
vl-bnt
brmu
k-blu
r-fs
an-ry
pn-ry
zoy
st-aug
t-fs
st-aug
an-ry
pn-ry
cr-bnt
brmu
k-blu
45. Seedling diseases
(damping-off
and seed rot)
All trfgr
46. Selenophoma
leaf spot
k-blu
r-fs
t-fs
an-blu
cl-bnt
cr-bnt
brmu
k-blu
r-fs
an-ry
pn-ry
t-fs
47. Septoria
leaf spot
Rhizoctonia solani Kfihn
(teleomorph:
Thanatephoruscucumeris
(Frank) Donk)
48. Slime molds
49. Smuts, floral
a. Covered
Rhizoctonia zeae Voorhees
b. Loose
c. Blister
Puccinia coronataCda.
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
d. Flag
all trfgr
cl-bnt
cr-bnt
vl-bnt
brmu
k-blu
st-aug
an-blu
k-blu
cl-bnt
var. coronata
P. recondita Rob. ex Desm.
P. brachypodii Otth
var. poae-nemoralis
(Otth) Cumm. & H. C.
Greene
P. brachypodii Otth
var. arrhenatheri
(Kleb.) Cumm. & H. C.
Greene
P. graminis Pers. subsp.
graminicolaUrban
P.striiformis Westend.
Several species of
Puccinia, Physopella,
Uromyces, and
Uredot
Panicum mosaic virus
Rhynchosporium secalis
(Oud.) J. J. Davis
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
(teleomorph: Athelia
rolfsii (Curzi) Tu
& Kimbrough)
Fusarium spp. (see Fusarium
blight)
Pythium spp. (see Pythium
blight)
Rhizoctonia spp. (see
Rhizoctonia blight)
Bipolarisspp., Drechslera
spp., Colletotrichum
sp., and other pathogens
Selenophoma obtusa Sprague
& A. G. Johnson
Septoria macropoda Pass.
var. grandis Sprague
S. macropoda Pass. var.
septulata (Gons.
& Frag.) Sprague
S. nodorum (Berk.) Berk.
(teleomorph: Leptosphaeria
nodorum Miller)
S. oudemansii Sacc.
S. avenae Frank
(teleomorph:
Leptosphaeria avenaria
Weber)
S. tenella Cke. & Ell.
Fuligo spp.
Mucilago spp.
Physarum spp. and other
Myxomycetes spp.
Tilletia pal/ida
G. W. Fisch.
T. decipiens (Pers.) Korn
Ustilago trebouxii H. Syd.
& P. Syd.
U. cynodontis (Pers.) Henn.
U. affl'nis Ell. & Ev.
Entyloma dacty/idis
(Pass.) Cif.
Urocystis agropyri (Preuss)
cr-bnt
Wheat (Triticum spp. L.)
Earl D. Hansing, Primary Collator
Schrbet.
k-blu
r-fs
k-blu
an-blu
cl-bnt
cr-bnt
k-blu
pn-ry
t-fs
k-blu
r-fs
pn-ry
e. Spot
f. Stripe
50. Snow scald
(Sclerotinia
snow mold)
51.
Spermospora blast ch-fs
k-blu
r-fs
pn-ry
52. Spring dead spot
53.
Summer patch
54. Take-all patch
(Ophiobolus
patch)
55. Tar spot
brmu
k-blu
an-blu
cl-bnt
vl-bnt
k-blu
r-fs
an-ry
pn-ry
t-fs
cl-bnt
t-fs
Entyloma spragueanum Zundel
Ustilago striiformis
(Westend.) Niessl
Myriosclerotiniaborealis
(Bub. & Vleug.)
Kohn (= Sclerotinia
borealis Bub. & Vleug.)
Spermosporaciliata
(Sprague) Deighton
S. subulata (Sprague)
Sprague
S. lolii MacGarvie
& O'Rourke
S. poagena (Sprague)
MacGarvie & O'Rourke
(= Cercosporellapoagena
Sprague)
Leptosphaeriakorrae Walker
& Smith in certain
areas; etiology unknown
in other areas
Phialophoragraminicola
(Deacon) Walker
Gaeumannomyces graminis
(Sacc.) von Arx
& Olivier var. avenae
(E. M. Turner) Dennis
(= Ophiobolus graminis
Sacc.)
Phyllachoragraminis
(Pers.: Fr.) Fckl.
P. sylvatica Sacc. & Speg.
56. Typhula blight
an-blu
Typhula incarnata Lasch: Fr.
(gray or
cl-bnt
T. ishikariensisImai
speckled
cr-bnt
var. canadensis Smith
snow mold)
vl-bnt
& Arsvoll
ky-blu
T ishikariensisImai
r-fs
var. idahoensis(Remsb.)
pn-ry
Arsvoll & Smith
t-fs
T. ishikariensisImai
var. ishikariensis
57. Virus diseases: Several viruses are known to infect and replicate
in turfgrass species. The impact of these (except Panicum mosaic
virus inciting St. Augustine decline) on the longevity and productivity
of turfgrass has not been clearly established,
58. White leaf
brmu
An unidentified coryneform
bacterium
59. White patch
t-fs
Melanotus phillipsii
(Berk. & Br.) Singer
60. Yellow patch
cr-bnt
Rhizoctonia cerealis
(cool season
brmu
v. d. Hoeven in Boerema
brown patch)
k-blu
& Verhoeven (teleomorph:
t-fs
Geratobasidium sp.)
zoy
61. Yellow ring
k-blu
Trechispora alnicola
(Bourd. & Galz.) Liberta
62. Yellow tuft
cr-bnt
Sc/erophthora macrospora
(Sacc.) Thirum. et al
63. Yellows
an-blu
Aster yellows mycoplasma
pn-ry
(MLO)
an-ry
64. Zonate eyespot
cr-bnt
Drechs/eragigantea
vl-bnt
(Heald & Wolf) Ito
brmu
(= He/mint hosporium
k-blu
giganteum Heald & Wolf)
~
*Cmo nmso diessf.
te
themselves.,eao~
ftrgassado
h
eaoe
For descriptions of and keys to the species of rust fungi on grasses, refer to The
Rust Fungi of Cereals, Grasses and Bamboos by G. M. Cummins (1971) and
British Rust Fungi by M. Wilson and D. M. Henderson (1966).
Common name
1. Alternaria leaf blight
2. Anthracnose
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Pathogen or cause
Alternaria triticina Pras. & Prab.
Colletotrichum graminicola(Ces.)
G. W. Wils. (teleomorph:
Glomerella graminicola Politis)
Ascochyta leaf spot
Ascochyta tritici Hori & Enjoji
Aster yellows
Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO)
Aureobasidium decay Aureobasidium bolleyi (Sprague)
von Arx
Bacterial leaf blight
Pseudomonassyringae pv. syringae
van Hall
Bacterial mosaic
Corynebacterium sp.
Basal glume rot
Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens
(McCulloch) Young et al
Black chaff and
Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens
bacterial streak
(Jones et al) Dye
Black point
Alternaria, Bipolaris,
(kernel blight)
and Fusarium spp.
Black head molds
Alternaria sp.
Cladosporiumherbarum Lk.: Fr.
Epicoccum, Sporobolomyces,
and Stemphylium spp.
Cephalosporium stripe Cephalosporiumgramineum Nisik.
& Ikata
Common bunt
Tilletiafoetida (Wallr.) Liro
Common root rot
Fusariumspp.
Bipolarissorokiniana(Sacc.
in Sorok.) Shoemaker
(= Helminthosporiumsativum Pam.
et al) (teleomorph: Cochliobolus
sativus (Ito & Kurib. in Kurib.)
Drechs. ex Dast.)
Crown rot
Gibberella zeae (Schweinitz) Petch
(anamorph: Fusariumgraminearum
Schwabe)
Dilophospora
Dilophosporaalopecuri (Fr.) Fr.
leaf spot and twist
Downy mildew
Sclerophthoramacrospora (Sacc.)
Thirum. et al
(= Sclerospora macrospora Sacc.)
Dwarf bunt
Tilletia controversa KUhn
Ergot
Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.
Eyespot and foot rot Pseudocercosporellaherptotrichoides
(strawbreaker)
(Fron) Deighton
False eyespot
Gibellina cerealis Pass.
Flag smut
Urocystis agropyri (Preuss) Schroet.
Foot rot
Fusariumculmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc.
Glume blotch
Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk.
(Septoria nodorum
(teleomorph: Leptosphaeria
spot)
nodorum MUller)
Halo spot
Selenophoma donacis (Pass.) Sprague
& A. G. Johnson
Herpotrichoides
Leptosphaeria herpotrichoides
leaf spot
de Not. (= Phaeosphaeria
herpotrichoides(de Not.) Holm)
Karnal bunt
Neovossia indica (Mitra) Mundk.
Leaf rust
Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm.
f. sp. tritici
Loose smut
Usti/ago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.
Microscopica leaf spot Leptosphaeria microscopica Karst.
(anamorph: Phaeoseptoria
urvi/leana (Speg.) Sprague)
Nematodes (parasitic):
a. Cyst (cereal)
Heterodera avenae Wollenweber
H. hordeca/is Andersson
H. latipons Franklin
b. Cyst (grass)
Punctoderapunctata Thorne
c. Cyst
Heterodera spp.
d. Dagger, American Xiphinema americanum Cobb
e. Grass-root gall
Subanguina radiciola (Greeff)
Paramonov
Ring
Criconeme/la spp.
g. Root-knot*
Meloidogyne naasi Franklin
M. chitwoodi Golden et al
Meloidogyne spp.
h. Root lesion*
Praty/enchus minyus Sher. & Allen
P. thornei Sher. & Allen
Plant Disease/August 1985
675
Pratylenchusspp.
Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) Chitwood
Helicotylenchus spp.
Paratrichodorusspp.
Merlinius brevidens (Allen) Siddiqi
Phoma glomerata (Cda.)
Wr. & Hochapf.
P. insidiosa Tassi
Phoma spp.
Erwinia rhapontica(Millard)
Pink seed
Burkholder
Fusariumnivale Ces. ex Sacc.
Pink snow mold
(= Microdochium nivalis (Fr.)
(Fusarium patch)
Samuels & Hallett, = Gerlachia
nivalis (Ces. ex Sacc.) W. Gams
& E. MUller) (teleomorph:
Monographellanivalis (Schaffnit)
E. MUller)
Platysporapentamera (Karst.) Wehm.
Platyspora leaf spot
Erysiphe graminis DC.: Fr.
Powdery mildew
f. sp. tritici
Pythium arrhenomanesDrechs.
Pythium root rot
P. aphanidermatum(Edson) Fitzp.
P. graminicolaSubram.
P. volutum Vant. & Tru.
P. myriotylum Drechs. and other
Pythium spp.
Fusariumavenaceum (Fr.) Sacc.
Scab (head blight)
(teleomorph: Gibberella avenaceae
Cook)
F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc.
(F. roseum Lk.: Fr. f. sp.
cerealis 'culmorum')
F. graminearumSchwabe
F. nivale Ces. ex Sacc.
Rhizoctonia cerealis v. d. Hoeven
Sharp eyespot and
in Boerema & Verhoeven
Rhizoctonia root rot
(teleomorph: Ceratobasidiumsp.)
R. solani Kiihn (teleomorph:
Thanatephoruscucumeris
(Frank) Donk)
Myriosclerotiniaborealis (Bub.
Snow scald
& Vleug.) Kohn (= Sclerotinia
(Sclerotinia
borealis Bub. & Vleug.)
snow mold)
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
Southern blight
(teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii
(Sclerotium base rot)
(Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough)
Septoriaavenae Frank f. sp.
Speckled leaf blotch
triticea(teleomorph:
(Septoria avenae spot,
Leptosphaeriaavenaria Weber
Septoria tritici spot)
f. sp. triticea)
S. tritici Rob. in Desm.
(teleomorph: Mycosphaerella
graminicola(Fckl.) Sand)
Speckled snow mold Typhula ishikariensisImai var.
ishikariensis
(Typhula blight)
T. ishikariensisImai var.
idahoensis (Remsb.) Arsvoll
& Smith
T. incarnata Lasch: Fr.
T. ishikariensis Imai var.
canadensis Smith & Arsvoll
Clavibacter tritici (Carlson
Spike blight
& Vidaver) Davis et al
(=Corynebacterium michiganense pv.
tritici (Hutchison) Dye & Kemp)
Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.
Spot blotch
in Sorok.) Shoemaker
Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp3.
Stem rust
tritici
Aspergillus spp., Penicillium 5spp.,
Storage molds
and others
Pucciniastriiformis Westend.
Stripe rust
Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.)
Take-all
von Arx & Olivier var. tritici
(Ophiobolus patch)
Walker
G. graminis (Sacc.) von Arx
& Olivier var. graminis
G. graminis (Sacc.) von Arx
& Olivier var. avenae (E. M.
i. Seed gall (wheat)
j. Spiral
k. Stubby-root
1. Stunt
32. Phoma spot
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
676
Plant Disease/Vol. 69 No. 8
50. Tan spot (yellow
leaf spot)
and pink grain
51. Tar spot
Turner) Dennis (= Ophiobolus
graminis Sacc.)
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis(Died.)
Drechs. (= P. trichostoma (Fr.)
Fckl.) (anamorph: Drechslera
tritici-repentis(Died.)
Shoemaker)
Phyllachora graminis (Pers.: Fr.)
Fckl.
52. Virus diseases:
a. Agropyron mosaic Agropyron mosaic virus
Barley stripe mosaic virus
b. Barley stripe
mosaic
Barley yellow dwarf virus
c. Barley yellow
dwarf
Barley yellow striate mosaic virus
d. Barley yellow
striate mosaic
(Italy)t
Probable virus
e. Barley yellow
stripe (Turkey)T
Brome mosaic virus
f. Brome mosaic
g. Cardamom mosaic Cardamom mosaic virus
streak (India)t
Northern cereal mosaic virus
h. Cereal mosaic,
northern
(Japan)t
African cereal streak virus
i. Cereal streak,
Africant
Cereal tillering virus
j. Cereal tillering
(Sweden, Italy)t
Cocksfoot mottle virus
k. Cocksfoot mottle
(Great Britain)t
Probable virus
1. Enenismo
(Colombia, Ecuador)t
m. Maize dwarf mosaic Maize dwarf mosaic virus
Maize streak virus
n. Maize streak
Oat sterile dwarf virus
o. Oat sterile dwarf
(Sweden,
Czechoslovakia)t
p. Rice black-streaked Rice black-streaked dwarf virus
dwarf (Japan)t
Rice hoja blanca virus
q. Rice hoja blanca
Tobacco mosaic virus
r. Tobacco mosaic
Wheat chlorotic streak virus
s. Wheat chlorotic
streak (France)t
Probable virus
t. Wheat dwarf
(Europe)t
Wheat soilborne mosaic virust
u. Wheat soilborne
mosaic
Wheat spindle streak mosaic virust
v. Wheat spindle
streak mosaic
w. Wheat spot mosaic Probable virus
x. Wheat streak mosaicWheat streak mosaic virus
American wheat striate mosaic virus
y. Wheat striate
mosaic, American
Probable virus
z. Wheat striate,
Australiant
Eastern wheat striate virus
aa. Wheat striate,
eastern (India)tProbable virus
bb. Wheat striate,
Europeant
Wheat yellow leaf virus
cc. Wheat yellow
leaf (Japan)t
Wheat yellow mosaic virus
dd. Wheat yellow
mosaic (Japan)t
Russian winter wheat mosaic virus
ee. Winter wheat
mosaic (Russia)t
Bacillus megaterium de Bary cerealis
53. White blotch
Hosford
Coprinuspsychromorbidus Redhead
54. Winter crown rot
& Traquair
(Coprinus snow mold)
Striga asiatica L. (Kuntze)
55. Witchweed
S. hermonthica Benth.t
*Common names of the nematode diseases of wheat and of the nematodes
themselves.
INot known to occur naturally on wheat in the United States of America at the
time this list was prepared.
Polymy'xa graminis Ledingham, a fungal vector of wheat soilborne mosaic virus
and wheat spindle streak mosaic virus.