CHAPTER – 1 FOOD : WHERE DOES IT COME FROM
INTRODUCTORY QUESTIONS
Ques.1 When you are tired what do you need?
Ans. We need rest and food.
Ques.2 What did you eat at home today?
Ans. I eat roti,sabzi.
Ques.3 What do we call these eatable things?
Ans. These are food.
VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION
WRITE THE NAMES OF THE PLANT THAT PROVIDE US:
Ques.1 Vegetables
Ans. Vegetables: Tomato, cabbage, spinach, potato, etc.
Ques.2 Fruits
Ans. Fruits: Banana, grapes, apple, etc.
Ques.3 Cereals
Ans. Cereals or Grains: Rice, wheat, barley, ragi etc.
Ques.4 Pulses
Ans. Pluses: Grams, peas, beans, etc.
Ques.5 Oil / fatOil Seeds:
Ans. Mustard, groundnut, sunflower, etc.
Ques.6 Name the animals which provide us milk.
Ans.Some important animals that give us milk are cow, buffalo, goat and camel.
Ques.7 Name the animals which give us meat.
Ans. Goat, sheep,ducks, fowl and pig are some important animals giving meat. Other
domesticated animals are also slaughtered for meat.
Ques.8 Why do all organisms need food?
Ans. All organisms need food to get energy so that they can remain alive and active.
Ques.9 Name two sources of oil?
Ans. Seeds of mustard and groundnut etc. are used for extracting oils.
Ques.10 What are ingredients?
Ans. The materials which are needed to prepare a food item are called ingredients.
SHORT QUESTION ANSWER
Ques.1 Why we should we take cooked food?
Ans.Cooked food can be easily consumed and absorbed by our body. It also kills harmful germs.
Cooking in most of the cases increases the taste also. This is why we should eat cooked food.
Ques.2 Do plants or animals give us more varieties of food? Explain.
Ans.We know that from animals we get meat, eggs, milk, honey and few other varieties of food
only. On the other hand, plants provide us a large range of foods e.g., cereals, pulses, fruits,
oils, fat, vegetables, sugar and a large variety of other products. From this we can conclude that
plants give us more varieties of food.
Ques.3 Do you find that all living beings need the same kind of food?
Ans. No, all living being do not heed the same kind of food. All living being are classified on the
basis of their need or liking being are classified on the basis of their need or liking of food. as
follows :
a. Herbivore
b. carnivore
c. Omnivore
Ques.4 Name five plants and their parts that we eat.
Ans. There are a lot varieties of plants where parts are eaten by us. Some of them are:
a. Carrot, radish, Turnip etc.
-Roots
b. Onion, Ginger etc
-Stems
c. Spinach, cabbage, lettuce etc
-Leaves
d.Tomato, Brinjal, Chili etc.
-fruits
e. Cauliflower, Banana etc.
-flowers
KEYWORDS
1. Ingredients: The materials needed to prepare food.
2. Edible: The part of a plant that can be eaten items.
3. Nectar: Sweet liquid secreted by flowers.
4. Sprouted: To grow, where the initial state is a seed.
5. Herbivore: Animals that eat plant and plant products.
MATCHING
COLUMN A
a. Milk, curd, paneer, ghee
b. Spinach, cauliflower, carrot
c. Lions and tiger
d. Herbivores
COLUMN B
Are all animal products
Are vegetables
Eat other animals
Eat plants and plant prod.
Ques.4 Fill in the blanks
Ans. a. tiger is a carnivore because it eats only meat
b. Deer eats only plant product and so, is called herbivore
c. Parrot eats only plant products.
d. The milk that we drink, which comes from caves buffaloes and goats in animal products.
e. We get sugar from sugarcane.
GIVE ONE WORD
a. Rice, maize , bozra are grouped as these
b. The animals which eat dead animals
c. The food item which add taste and
aroma to our food
TABLE WORK
What do we eat? (1.1)
Name of the students/Friend
Rahul
Julie
Manjeet
Food items
Roti/ chapatti
Dal
Idli
Sambhar
Rice
Mixed vegetables
Meat
Cake
-Cereals
-Scavengers
-Spices
Foods items eaten in a day
Eggs, chapatti, meat, biryani, kabab,
lassi, sweet, rice, chicken
parantha, curd, dal, rice, lassi,
chapatti, potato etc
Bread, butter, cake, fruits, fish curry
etc.
Ingredients (1.2)
Atta, water
pulses, water, salt, oil/ghee/ spices
Raw rice, raw urad dal, salt, water
Pigeon pea, water, salt, garlic, chilli
powder, tomatoes curry leaves,
ginger
Raw rice, salt, water
Potato, cauliflower, carrots, beans,
salt, spices, cooking oil, coriander
leaves
Raw meat, onion, garlic, ginger, chilli
powder
Maida, butter, eggs, sugar, dry-fruits
Ingredients used to prepare to food items and their sources (1.3)
Food items
Ingredients
Sources
Idli
Rice
Plants
Urad dal
Plants
Salt
Water
Water
Nature
Chicken curry
Chicken
Animals
Oil/ghee
Water
Milk
Rice
Sugar
Brinjal
Chilli as spice (any
Other)
Oil from groundnut,
mustard soyabean,
any other plant
Besan
Spices
Salt and sugar
Coconut
Oil or ghee
Vegetables-peas,
Potatoes, carrots,
Spices
Besan
Ghee
Khoya
Maida
Rose water
Sugar
Kheer
Brinjal curry
Instant dhokla
Vegetables cutlets
Gulab jamun
Animals and their food (1.5)
Name of the animal
Buffalo
Cat
Rat
Lion
Tiger
Spider
House lizard
Cow
Human being
Butterfly
Crow
Others
(1.6)
Herbivores
Cow
Food the animal eat
Grass, oil cake, hay, grains
Rat, birds and milk
Chapatti, nuts
Flesh, meat
Meat, small animals
Insects
Insects
Grass
Wheat, vegetables
Flower juice
Worms, roti, insects
Flesh, meat
Carnivores
Lion
Omnivores
Dog
Plants
Nature
Animals
Plants
Plants
Fruit
Fruit
Seed
Seeds
Seeds
Plants and water
Seeds
Plants and animals
Seeds
beans
Seeds
Seeds
Plants/animals
powder
Seeds
Flower
Plants
Buffalo
Rat
Goat
Hen
Leopard
Snake
House lizard
Spider
Cat
Human
Crow
Peacock
HOTS QUESTIONS
Ques.1 A person does not eat for few days. What effects it have on this fasting person?
Ans.The fasting person cannot work properly due to weakness and he/she might be caught by
any disease. Effects of fasting – these includes headaches, dizziness, lightheadedness, fatitue,
low B.P and abnormal heart rhythms.
Ques.2 What would happen if there were not plants on earth?
Ans.If there were no plants on earth then there would be no life on earth.
VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
Honeybees work hard to collect nectar from flowers.
Ques.1 Why do honeybees collect nectar ?
Ans. Honeybees collect nectar to prepare honey. Bees collect nectar from flowers, convert it
into honey and store it in their live. So, bees store this nectar for their use all through the year.
Ques.2 What value do you learn form honeybees?
Ans.We learnto work hard from honeybees. Work hard to collect nectar from flowers
PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES
Ques.1 You must have seen a garden lizard around your home. Next time whenever you see
it, observe carefully and find out what it takes for food. Is the food different that of a house
lizard?
Ans. Garden lizard eats insects of soil. It is the same food as that of house lizard.
Ques.2 Make a list (with pictures, when possible) of food items generally taken by people of
different regions of India. Place these on a large outline map of India to display in your
classroom.
Ans. The food items generally taken by people of different regions of India area. Cereals
b. Wheat & barley
c. Rice
d. Kachori
e. Dhokala
f. fish curyy
g. bhati
Ques.3 Find out the names of plants that grow in water and which are eaten as food.
Ans. These plants area. Rice
b. Lotus stems
c. Water chestnut
d. Cranberry
e. Camas
Ques.4 In chapter 10, you will find out ways of measuring length of curved lines. In your
mathematics you will learn to prepare bar graphs. After you learn these, try the following
interesting project. Prepare some sprouts of mooing as discussed in the chapter. Wash them
in water every day and draw all the water. Let them grow for a week until the whole of the
seeds grow into young plants. Measure the lengths of the sprouts everyday using a string.
Take care that they do not break. Prepare a bar graph of the number of sprouts having
lengths in different ranges.
Ans. This activity will be organized in the class and then find the result by the students their
own. Teachers will support them completely.
CHAPTER – 2 COMPONENTS OF FOOD
INTRODUCTORY QUESTIONS
Ques.1 Why food id necessary for us?
Ans. Food is necessary by our body to get energy to grow, repair our damaged body and keep
us fit and healthy.
Ques.2 Do you eat same food daily?
Ans.No, we eat different food daily.
Ques.3 What do we call these different food ?
Ans.Wecall them components of food.
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Ques.1 Name the major nutrients in our food.
Ans. The major nutrients in our food are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals in
addition food also contain dietary fibers and water.
Ques.2 Name the following:
(a) The nutrients which mainly give energy to our body.
(b) The nutrients that are needed for the growth and maintenance of our body.
(c) A vitamin required for maintaining good eye sight.
(d) A mineral that is required for keeping our bones healthy.
Ans. (a) Carbohydrates
(b) Proteins
(c) Vitamin A
(d) Calcium
d. Protein : Milk, meat, cheese etc.
SHORT ANSWERS
Ques.1 Name two foods each rich in:
Ans.a. Fats
: Ghee , butter, oils etc.
b. Starch
: Potatoes, Wheat flower, rice, etc
c. Dietary fibre
: Whole grains, pulses, fresh fruits etc.
Ques.2Name the different food groups.
Ans.Food can be broadly sub-divided into following three groups:
(i) Energy giving food. For examples, carbohydrate and fat.
(ii) Body building food. For example, proteins.
(iii) Protective food. For examples, vitamins and minerals.
Ques.3 (a) How many calories does a 12 year old boy/ girl need each day?
(b) What should the diet contain in order to fulfill the daily requirement?
Ans.(a) A 12 year old boy / girl needs 2000- 2200 calories per day.
(b) He can get this by a diet including daal, rice, roti, green vegetables and a bit of jaggery.
LONG ANSWER
Ques.1What is a balanced diet?
Ans.A diet in which every component of food (carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins, minerals
etc.) is present in right amount is known as a balanced diet.
A balanced diet should be rich in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and certain
amino acids. It should be able to provide sufficient energy to the body. It should contain
enough proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals.
The ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet should roughly be 1:1:4. A diet, which
contains all these substances in right proportions, is called a complete or a balanced diet.
TICK (√) THE STATEMENT THAT ARE CORRECT.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
By eating rich alone, we can fulfill nutritional requirement of our body. (×)
Deficiency diseases can be prevented by eating a balanced diet. (√)
Balanced diet for the body should contain a variety of food items. (√)
Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body.(×)
FILL IN THE BLANKS.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Rickets is caused by deficiency of vitamin D.
Deficiency of vitamin B causes a disease known as beri-beri.
Deficiency of vitamin C causes a disease known as scurvy.
Night blindness is caused due to deficiency of vitamin A in our food.
KEYWORDS
1. Balanced Diet: A diet that contains adequate amount of all the essential nutrients
roughage and water.
2. Scurvy: Disease caused by lack of vitamin C
3. Dietary fibres : Plant fibres that are eaten as food.
4. Nutrient: A source of nourishment, such as food.
5. Mineral: Any inorganic element that is essential to nutrition.
6. GIVE ONE WORD
1. Food containing cellulose fiber
Starch
2. The nutrients that protect our body against diseases
Vitamins
3. Inorganic salt that contain chemical elements
Minerals
4. The substance which helps in the retention of water and easy digestion of Food by adding
bulk to the food.
Roughage
HOTS QUESTIONS
Ques.1 The neck of a person appears to be swollen. Name the deficiency disease he/she is
suffering from what is the cause of this disease?
Ans. He / She is suffering from goiter. The lack of iodine in diet causes this disease.
Ques.2 If a person complains of spongy and bleeding gums, general weakness and pain in the
muscles, which deficiency disease is he suffering from? What is the cause of this disease ?
Ans.He is suffering from scurvy. The lack of vitamin C in diet causes this disease.
VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
One day Rohan’s maid brings her 5 year old son Monu with her. Rohan finds that Monu has
sunken eyes, dry and wrinkled skin and very weak and his body. He request his mother to give
him some milk and eggs.
Ques.1 Which disease do you think Monu is suffering from?
Ans. Monu is suffering from weakness.
Ques.2 Which value is displayed by Rohan’s action?
Ans. Rohan’s action displayed humanity and kindness.
Ques.3 Tick for correct statement:
Ans.a. By eating rice alone, we can fulfill nutritional requirement of our body.
b. Deficiency diseases can be prevent by eating a balance diet.
c. Balanced diet for the body should contain a variety of food items.
d. Meat alone is sufficient to provide all nutrients to the body.
PRACTICAL
False
True
True
False
a. Test for starch, Proteins and fats in different food items.
Ans. Test for starch: Take small quantity of a food item or a raw ingredient. Put 2 – 3 drops of
dilute iodine solution on it (Fig. 2.1). Observe if there is any change in the colour of the food
item. Did it turn blue – black?. A blue – black colour indicates that. It contains starch.
Repeat this test with other food items to find out which of these contain starch. Enter all your
observations in table 2.2
Test for Protein:Take small quantity of a food item for testing. If the food you want to test is a
solid, you first need to make paste of it or powder it. Grind or mash a small quantity of the food
item. Put some of this In a clean test tube, add 10 drops of water to it and shake the test tube.
Now using a dropper, add two drops of solution of copper sulhhate and ten drops of solution of
caustic soda to the test tube (Fig. 2.2) Shake well and let the test tube stand for a few minutes.
What do you see? Did the contents of the test tube turn violet? A violet colour indicates
presence of proteins in the food item.
Now, you can repeat this test on other food items.
Test for Fats: Take a small quantity of a food item. Wrap it in a piece of paper and crush it. Take
care that the paper does not tear. Now, straighten the paper and observe it carefully. Does it
have an oily patch? Hold the paper against light faintly, through this patch?
An oily patch on paper shows that the food item contains fat. The food items may sometimes
contain a little water. Therefore, after you have rubbed an item on paper, let the paper dry for
a while. If there were any water that may have come from food, it would dry up after some
time. If no oily patch shows up after this, the food item does not contain any fat.
What do these tests show? Are fats, proteins and starch present in all the food items that you
tested? Does a food item that you find any food item that does not contain any of these
Nutrients?
We tested food items for three nutrients – carbohydrates, proteins and fats. There are also
other nutrients like vitaminsand minerals that are present in different food items. Why do we
need all these nutrients?
PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES
Ques.1 Prepare a diet chart to provide balanced diet to a twelve year old child. The diet chart
should include food items which are not expensive and are commonly available in your area.
Ans. A twelve year old child should take the following things as his/ her diet.
a. Milk
b. Wheat
c. Dry fruits
d. Fruits
e. Butter
f. Rice
g. Ghee
Ques.2 We have learnt that excess intake of fats is harmful for the body to take too much of
proteins or vitamins in the diet? Read about diet related problems to find answers to these
questions and have a class discussion on this topic.
Ans. Excess of anything is wrong. This protects suits for the above question. Too much of
proteins or vitamins in the diet would be harmful for the body. It will create an imbalance in our
body. It will raise enormous growth of any body part. It will also harm our body.
Ques.3 Test the food usually eaten by cattle or a pet to find out which nutrients are present
in animal food. Compare results obtained from the whole class to conclude about balanced
diet requirements for different animals.
Ans. In animal food, there are several food nutrients found. Some of them are calcium,
phosphorus, magnesium and carbohydrates of different types.
Balanced diet requirements for animals are as approximately equal to the humans. Humans
need balanced diet for a proper health as the animals need also proper diet for good and
growth.
TABLE WORK (2.2)
Nutrients present in some food items
Food item
Starch (present)
Raw potato
Yes
Milk
Groundnut
Uncooked powdered Yes
Rice
Cooked rice
Yes
Dry coconut
Uncooked urad dal
Powdered
Cooked dal
A slice of any vegetableYes
Fruit slice
Yes
Boiled egg (boiled portion)
Chicken
Almonds
Protein (present)
Fat (present)
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
CHAPTER – 3 FIBER TO FABRIC
INTRODUCTORY QUESTIONS
Ques.1 What are the three basic needs of our life?
Ans. Food, Cloths, Home.
Ques.2 Do you wear same types clothes whole year?
Ans.No, we do not have same clothes whole year.
Ques.3 What is the need of these different clothes?
Ans.These clothes are made of different materials, like cotton, wool.
VERY SHORT QUESTIONS
Ques.1 Classify the following fibres as natural or synthetic:
Nylon
-Synthetic fibre
Wool
-Natural fibre
Cotton
-Natural fibre
Silk
-Natural fibre
Polyester
-Synthetic fibre
Jute
-Natural fibre
Ques.2 From which parts of the plant are cotton and jute obtained?
Ans. Cotton is obtain from the fruits and jute is obtain form the stem of the plants.
Ques.3 Name two items that are made from coconut fibre.
Ans.(i) Ropes
(ii) Mats
Ques.4 Name any two animals from which fibres are obtained?
Ans.Sheep and silkworm.
LONG QUESTION ANSWERS
Ques.1 Explain the process of making yarn from fibre.
Ans.The process of making yarn from fibre is called spinning. In this process, from a mass of
cotton, wool are drawn out and twisted. This brings the fibres together to form yarn.
A simple device used for spinning is called takli.
Another hand-operated device used for spinning is charkha.
Spinning of yarn on a large scale is done with the help of spinning.
KEYWORDS
1. Fabric: Materials made by weaving threads.
2. Weaving:Converting yarn into cloth.
3. Ginning:separatingcotton fibres from their seeds.
4. Knitting: To thread or yarn into a piece of fabric.
5. Spinning:Theprocess of converting fibres into yarn or thread.
TICK FOR THE CORRECT STATEMENT:
a. Yarn is made from fibers.
b. Spinning is a process pf making fibers
c. Jute is the outer covering of coconut
d. The process of removing seeds from cotton is called ginning.
e. Weaving of yarn makes a piece of fabric
f. Silk fibre is obtained from the stem of a plant.
g. Polyester is a natural fibre.
True
False
False
True
True
False
False
FILL IN THE BLANKS:
a. Plant fibers are obtained from cotton and jute.
b. Animal fibers are silk and wool.
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS
1. Natural and Synthetic fibers: Fibers which are found by nature are called natured fibers
which those which are manufactured through chemical processes by man
are called manmade or synthetic fibres.
2. Weaving
: The process of arranging two sets of years together to make a fabric is
called weaving
3. Ginning
: The process of separating cotton fibers from seeds is called ginning.
4. Retting
: The process of separating gummy spin from jute fibers is called retting.
5. Cohesion
: The interaction between surfaces of the some material in contact which
causes them to cling together is called cohesion.
PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES
Ques.1 Visit a nearby handloom or power loom unit and observe the weaving or knitting of
fabric.
Ans. The process of arranging two sets of yarns together to make a fabric is called weaving.
These yarns are much thinner than our paper strips. Weaving of fabric is done on looms. The
looms are either hand operated or power operated.
In knitting, a single yarn is used to make a piece of fabric. A single yarn gets unraveled. Knitting
is done by hand and also by machines.
Ques.2 Find out if any crop is grown in your region for obtaining fiber. If yes, what is it used
for?
Ans. In our area, cotton is grown in the fields. Its fruits are called cotton bolls. It is used for
making natural fiber and by natural fibers, cotton is obtained.
Ques.3 India has been a major producer of cotton and its fabric. India exports cotton fabrics
and items to many other countries. Find out, how it helps us?
Ans. When we export cotton fabrics and the items of cotton fabrics. We earn foreign currency
and it flourishes our economy and make our country developed.
Ques.4 Do you know that famous Sufi saint and poet Kabir, was a weaver? Find out about his
life and teachings?
Ans. It is used said that Kabir was born in the year 1398 in Kashi. He died in the years 1518.
Kabir did not learn proper education, but he got knowledge from tourism and experiences of
life.
Kabir was an honest, polite and a fearless saint. He was the follower of unity of Ram and Rahim.
He gave the message of brotherhood to the whole mankind. He was a weaver by occupation.
He was also a good poet. In his poetry, he conveyed the message to the people that God is one.
He believed in the uniqueness of a supreme power. He told the people that a teacher is greater
than God. He advised the people to respect their teachers. He did not believe in superstitions.
He was such a very great man. His teachings are very useful for people in today’s modern age.
HOTS QUESTIONS
Ques.1 Why did early man not migrate to colder region?
Ans.Because they did not know much about clothes so, they could not protect themselves from
cold in that region.
Ques.2 What advantages does cotton have over synthetic clothes?
Ans. Cotton clothes are more comfortable during hot and humid conditions.
VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
Nitika sees a poor man shivering in the cold outside her house with permission form her
mother, she gives him an old blanket.
Ques.1 Name the fibers used in making blanket?
Ans. Wool.
Ques.2 Which value is shown by Nitika?
Ans.Kindness.
CHAPTER – 4 SHORTING MATERIALS INTO GROUPS
INTRODUCTORY QUESTIONS
Ques.1 What things do you see in your classroom?
Ans. We see chairs, desks, teachers, blackboard etc in class.
Ques.2 .What things do you see in your home?
Ans. We see things like toys, mobiles, gloves, shoes etc in our home.
Ques.3 All things you see are same?
Ans. No, all are different shapes, sizes and colours.
Ques.4 How you will classify them?
Ans.We will classify them by sorting them into groups.
KEYWORDS
1. Insoluble: That cannot be dissolved.
2. Luster: Shine
3. Opaque: Region with no light.
4. Transparent : Clear
5. Grouping: Placing or shorting similar things together.
VERY SHORT QUESTIONS
Ques.1 Name five objects which can be made from wood.
Ans. Table, chairs, cot, boat, doors are the five objects that can be made from wood.
Ques.2 Select those objects which shine:
Ans. a. Gloss bowl
-Shines
b. Plastic toys
-Don’t shine
c. Steel spoon
-Shines
d. Cotton shirts
-Don’t shine
Ques.3 List all items known to you that float on water. Check and see if they float on oil or
kerosene.
Ans. Wood and ice float on water. They do not float on oil or kerosene.
Ques.4 Explain soft and hard materials.
Ans. Material which can be compressed or scratched easily are called soft while some other
materials which are difficult to compress are called hard .
SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS
GIVEN BELOW ARE THE NAMES OF SOME OBJECTS AND MATERIALS:
Water, basket ball, orange, sugar, globe, apple and earthen pitcher Group them as:
(a) Round shaped and other shapes
Basket ball, orange, globe, earthern pitchers
Other shapes: Water, apple, sugar
(b) Eatables and non eatables
Water ,orange, sugar apple
Non- eatables – Basketball, globe, earthern pitcher
LONG QUESTION ANSWERS
Ques.1 Explain transparent, translucent and opaque objects with suitable example.
Ans. Transport: - The materials which allow light to pass through them completely are called
transparent materials for example – Glass
Translucent: - The materials which allow light to pass through them partially, are called
translucent materials. For example – Butter Paper
Opaque object – The materials which do not allow light to pass through them, are called
opaque materials for example – wall etc.
Ques.2 Why are the classification of things necessary?
Ans. The classification of things is necessary for convenience and to study their properties.
DEFINE THE TERMS
a. Matter – Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter.
b. Brittle – The property of being broken into smaller particles when hit by a hammer.
c. Ductile – A property of metals by which a metal is drawn in the form of virus.
d. Conductor – A substance that permits heat or electricity to pass through it, is called the
conductor of heat or electricity.
e. Insulator – A substance that does not permit heat or electricity to pass through it, is called
the insulator of heat or electricity.
Match the objects given below with the materials from which they could be made.
Remember, an object could be made from more than one material and a given material could
be used for making many objects.
Ans. Objects
Materials
Book
Paper
Tumbler
Glass
Chair
Wood
Toy
Plastics
Shoes
Leather
STATE TRUE OR FALSE
Ans.a. stone is transparent, while glass is opaque.
b. A notebook has luster while eraser does not.
c. Chalk dissolves in water.
d. A piece of wood flats on water.
e. Sugar does not dissolve in water.
f. Oil mixes with water.
e. Sand settles down in water.
f. Vinegar dissolves in water.
False
False
False
True
False
False
True
True
FIND THE ODD ONE OUT FROM THE FOLLOWING:
a.Chair, Bed, Table, Baby, Cupboard
b.Rose, Jasmine, Boat, Marigold, Lotus
c.Aluminium, Iron, Copper, Silver, Sand
d.Sugar, Salt, Sand, Copper sulphate
GIVE ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION FOR THE FOLLOWING
a) Substances that break – Brittle
b) Substances that allow light to pass through them –transparent
c) Materials with shiny appearance – lustrous
d) Substances which allow only a part of light – translucent
e) Materials that allow heat to pass through them – Good Conductor of heat
TABLE WORK (4.1)
Objects and the materials they are made of:
Objects
Materials they are made of
Plate
Steel, glass, plastics (any other)
Pen
Plastics, metal
Button
Plastics, metal
Bottle
Glass, steel, plastics
Comb
Plastic, steel
Spoon
Plastic, wood, metal
Bangles
Plastic, metal
Door
Wood, iron, plastic
(4.2)
Different types of objects that are made from the same materials
Material
Objects made of these materials
Wood
Chair, table, plough, bullock cart etc
Paper
Books, notebooks, newspaper etc
Leather
Bag, purse, jacket, shoes etc
Plastic
Bucket, glass, toys, table etc
Cotton
Textiles, pillows and quilts etc
MIXING DIFFERENT SOLID MATERIALS IN WATER:
Substances
Salt
Sugar
Sand
Beads (plastics)
Saw dust
Chalk powder
Disappears/ does not disappear in water
Disappears completely
Disappears completely
Does not disappear
Does not disappear
Does not disappear
Does not disappear
(4.4)
Solubility of some common liquids in water
Liquid
Mixes well/ does not mix
Vinegar
Mixes well
Orange juice
Mixes well
Butter
Does not mix
Honey
Mixes well
Kerosene
Does not mix
Coconut oil
Does not mix
Mustard oil
Does not mix
Lemon juice
Mixes well
HOTS QUESTIONS
Ques.1 Gold and silver are used to make jewellery give reason?
Ans.They are lustrous metals. Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery because
they are very lustrous.
Ques.2 Why is a tumbler not made with a piece of cloth?
Ans. Cloth is not hard, tumblers should be made with hard material. This is because generally
use of a tumber keep a liquid. So, a tumbler is made with material which has a property to hold
the liquid.
VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
We put some sugar in a glass of water and stir. It disappeared.
Ques.1 Why did sugar disappeared in water?
Ans.Sugardisappeared in water because it is soluble in water.
Ques.2 What do we learn from this property of sugar which gets mixed in water?
Ans. We learn mix ie. live in harmony with the people around us irrespective of their religion,
cast and social status.
PROJECTS AND ACTIVITIES
Ques.1 You may have played a memory game with your friends. Several objects are objects
are placed on a table, you are asked to observe them for a few minutes, go into another room
and write down the names of all the objects that you can remember. Play this game, with a
difference! Ask all the participants in the game to remember objects with some particular
property while playing this memory game- remember and write down the names of objects
that were of wood or objects that are edible and so on. Have fun!
Ans. The game will be organized in the class room during subject period.
Ques.2 From a large collection of materials, make groups of objects having different
properties liketransparency, solubility in water and other properties. In later chapters you
will also learn about properties of materials related to electricity and materials. Try and find
out if there are any patterns in these groups. For instance, do all materials have luster
conduct electricity.
Ans. We have a large number of materials which show different properties in different
mediums. There are 115 elements, then compounds, mixtures, metals, non-metals, metalloids
etc. We will take some of them in the classroom to tell about them to the students.
Yes, there is pattern used to keep materials in a group. Materials which show same property
are kept in the same group.
Mostly the metals which have luster conduct electricity.