Slide 1
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Organizing the
Globe
Introduction to the
globe
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Slide 2
Mapping the Globe
• The globe is a scale model of the earth.
• Grid: Pattern of lines circling the globe
east-west and north-south.
• Lines of Latitude are drawn in east-west
direction.
• Lines of Longitude are drawn in northsouth direction.
Slide 3
Latitude Lines
• Lines measure distance north and
south of the equator.
• Equator: The imaginary line that
circles the globe halfway between
Earth’s North Pole and South Pole.
– Tropics
– 23 ½ Latitude (Torrid Zone=area
between the tropics)
• Tropic of Cancer
• Tropic of Capricorn
• Lines of latitude are called Parallels
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Slide 4
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Latitude
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Slide 5
Longitude Lines
• Lines measured east and west of the
prime meridian.
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• Prime Meridian: Imaginary line drawn
from the North Pole through Greenwich,
England to the South Pole.
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• Lines of Longitude are called
meridians.
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Slide 6
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Longitude
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Slide 7
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Hemisphere=half of world
• The equator divides the globe into two
halves or hemispheres.
• The Prime Meridian & the 180 degree
meridian divide the world into the
Eastern and Western Hemisphere.
• Northern, Southern, Eastern, & Western
Hemisphere
Slide 8
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Hemispheres
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Which Hemisphere is the United States located?
Slide 9
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All Together
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Slide 10
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Continents and Oceans
• There are seven continents:
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– Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia,
Europe, North America, and South
America
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– Asia is the largest and five time the
size of Australia, the smallest.
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Slide 11
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Continents
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Can you Name and locate all seven continents?
Slide 12
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Answers:
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Slide 13
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Ocean Areas
• There are four ocean areas:
– Atlantic, Arctic, Indian and Pacific Oceans
• A possible fifth called the Southern Ocean
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Slide 14
Can you locate the 5
major Oceans?
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Slide 15
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Answers:
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Slide 16
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What is a map?
• A generalized view of an area, usually some
portion of Earth’s surface, as seen from
above at a greatly reduced size
– Any geographical image of the environment
• A two-dimensional representation of the
spatial distribution of selected phenomena
• Cartographers or mapmakers develop
many ways of drawing the Earth on a flat
surface.
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Slide 17
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Why make maps?
• To represent a larger area than we
can see
• To show a phenomenon or process we
can’t see with our eyes
Slide 18
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• To present information concisely
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• To show spatial relationships
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Types of Maps
• Robinson Projection
– Semi round –distortion on ends
• Mercator Projection
– Square -major distortion on ends
• Thematic Maps = maps with a theme
– Population -Resources
– Climates
-Highways
– Political
- Topography = elevation map
– Region = an area that shares similar
properties
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Slide 19
Show Spatial Relationships
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Slide 20
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Regional Map
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Slide 21
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Topographic Map
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Slide 22
Learning Log Question
-You Respond
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• Globes and maps are very
different. What are the
advantages and disadvantages of
each?
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Slide 23
Vocabulary
• ology = “the study of”
– Psychology = the study of the “mind”
– Sociology = the study of “society”
– Anthropology= the study of human advancement
• human evolution and ancient cultures (i.e. bones)
– Chronology = the study of “events in time”
– Archaeology = the study of “artifacts”
• man made items
• What other “ology” words are there and
their meaning?
Slide 24
Prehistory vs. History
• History: the study of written records
• Prehistory: the study of events before
written records were kept
• Bias: a mental leaning or inclination
• Primary Sources
– first hand information about people or
events
• Secondary Sources
– an account given by people who did NOT
witness or participate in the event
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