KIJSET/JAN-MAR2017/VOL-4/Iss-1/A13
ISSN:2348-5477
IMPACT FACTOR(2017) – 6.9101
KAAV INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING
& TECHNOLOGY
STUDY THE EFFECT OF UV RADIATION ON HUMAN BLOOD
Dayal Saran & M. S. Gaur
Interdisciplinary Researcch Laboratory
Hindustan College of Science and Technology
Farah, Mathura, 281122 UP
India
Abstract
Small amounts of UV are beneficial for people and essential in the production of vitamin D. UV
radiation is also used to treat several diseases, including rickets, psoriasis, eczema and jaundice. This
takes place under medical supervision and the benefits of treatment versus the risks of UV radiation
exposure are a matter of clinical judgment. In this article we have studied the effect of UV radiation
on human blood. Dielectric spectroscopy has been used to explain the effect of UV radiation on
human blood.
Keywords: UV radiation; Blood; Dielectric Spectroscopy, Micrographs etc.
1. Introduction
Skin cancer and cataracts are important public health concerns. The social cost of these diseases, such
as death, disfigurement and blindness, can be overwhelming both in terms of human suffering and the
financial burden. Solar UV exposure is known to be associated with various skin cancers, accelerated
skin aging, cataract of the lens of the eye and other eye diseases, and possibly has an adverse effect a
person's ability to resist infectious diseases. Most of these health concerns could be avoided by
reducing exposure to solar UV. The United Nations Environment Programme has estimate d that over
2 million non-melanoma skin cancers and 200,000 malignant melanomas occur globally each year. In
the event of a 10% decrease in stratospheric ozone, with current trends and behaviour, an additional
300,000 non-melanoma and 4,500 melanoma skin cancers could be expected world-wide. Some 12 to
15 million people in the world are blind because they have cataracts. WHO has estimated that up to
20% of cataracts or 3 million per year could be due to UV exposure to the eye. It has been estimated
that for each 1% sustained decrease in stratospheric ozone there would be an increase of 0.5% in the
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number off cataracts caused
c
by solar UV (vaan der Leunn et al 1989)). In the Un
nited States alone,
a
it cossts
the US Goovernment $US
$
3.4 billlion for 1.22 million caataract operrations per year.
y
Substaantial savinngs
in cost to hhealth care can
c be madde by preven
ntion or delaay in the onnset of cataracts.
UV is onee of the non--ionizing raadiations in the electrom
magnetic sppectrum andd lies withinn the range of
wavelengtths 100 nm to 400 nm (see figure 1). The short wavelenngth limit of
o the UV reegion is oftten
taken as thhe boundary
y between the
t ionizing
g radiation spectrum
s
(w
wavelengths < 100 nm)) and the no
onionizing raadiation speectrum. UV
V can be claassified intoo UVA (315 - 400 nm
m), UVB (280 - 315 nm
m)
and UVC (100 - 280 nm) regionns, althoughh other convventions forr UVA, UV
VB and UVC
C wavelenggth
bands are iin use.
Figuree 1: Effect of
o UV radiaations on huuman body
V containin
ng
Most artifficial sourcces of UV,, except foor lasers, emit a specctral continnuum of UV
characterisstic peaks, troughs annd lines. These
T
sourcces include various laamps used in medicinne,
industry, commerce,
c
research
r
andd the home..
Since UV is normally
y absorbed over a surfa
face it can be
b measuredd as a radiannt exposuree, the incideent
UV energyy divided by
b the recepptor surfacee area in jouules per squuare metre (J m-2). UV
V can also be
measured as an irradiance, the inncident pow
wer divided by
b the recepptor surfacee area in waatts per squaare
metre (W m-2).
2. Experim
mental Dettails
We have taken
t
blood
d sample (Fiigure 2) forr the measurrement of dielectric
d
prroperties of human bloo
od
of normall person. First
F
of all we have analyzed thhat experim
mental bloood sample is normal or
malignant with somee pathologiical measurrements. Paathological report con
nfirms the experimenttal
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blood is nnormal with respect to all parametters. The bllood samplee kept into Ethylene D
Diamene Tettra
Acetic acid (EDTA) voil for prootecting it from
fr
coagullations of bllood. The real and im
maginary parrts
of dielectrric constan
nt, dissipatiion factor and A. C. conductivity of norm
mal humann blood weere
investigateed in the frrequency rannge from 42
4 Hz to 5 MHz by ussing LCR HiTESTER
H
meter (Hiooki
3532-50) at differentt temperatuure in vacuuum ( i.e. 110-2 Torr). It is based
d on the poolarization of
biological molecule with
w frequenncy. The LC
CR meter, was
w conneccted with thhe computerr and the daata
were colleected as a fuunction of diifferent freqquencies.
The preseent study aimed
a
to ellucidate thee haematotooxic effectss of UV on
o the hum
man blood by
b
investigatiing the imp
pact of diffeerent UV dooses (15 minn, 30 min, 45
4 min, 60 min
m of expposure) on the
t
haematoloogical param
meters. In thhe present reesult, a signnificant decrrease in Haeemoglobin concentratioon
(Hb) and Neutrophille concentraation was recorded
r
inn the compparing to thhe control groups. Suuch
was significcantly increaased with thhe increasinng of exposure time. Also,
A
significcient chang
ges
decrease w
were recorrded in biocchemical vaalues during
g the experim
ment. This effect
e
can also be obserrved by usinng
micrographs of humann blood witth or withou
ut exposure of human blood.
b
Figurre 2: Bloodd samples ussed in preseent study
3. Result aand Discusssion
3.1
Op
ptical Micro
ographs
We observved the effeect of UV radiation by
y micrographhs (Figure 3). We studdied that thee exposure of
UV radiattion damagge the bloood restructuure due to its high ennergy. An optimal am
mount of UV
U
exposure iis useful annd it is the position
p
of minimum risk.
r
When we increasees the expoosure time the
t
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blood cellls starts to damage. Inn this work we observved that afteer 60 min of
o exposuree time of UV
U
radiation w
without chaanging its sttrength, blo
ood cells arre completeely destroyeed. This situuation is veery
harmful foor human bo
ody.
Figu
ure 3: Opticcal micrograaphs of hum
man blood with
w and with
hout exposuure of UV radiation
3.2
Dieelectric Speectroscopy
The dielecctric properrties of hum
man blood were studied by using temperatuure dependdent dielectrric
spectroscoopy under frequency
f
raange from 42 Hz to 5 MHz. Wee have inveestigated thee variation of
dielectric pproperties with
w temperature and frrequency in human blood group in
n vacuum.
Figure 4 shhows the frrequency deependent dieelectric connstant at diffferent tempeerature withhout exposuure
of UV raddiation. Thee decay trennds of dielecctric constaant with freqquency are same at alll temperaturre.
The dielecctric constannt is decayinng rapidly upto
u
10 kHzz and then constant
c
abo
ove this freqquency.
The behavvior of dieleectric propeerties was explained
e
onn the basis of relaxatioon mechaniism of bloo
od.
The dielecctric spectrra show thaat dielectricc parameterrs (dielectrric constantt, dissipatioon factor an
nd
impedancee) are the fu
unction of frrequency. We
W also obseerved two tyypical relax
xations in thhis process.
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Figure 4: Dependencce of dielecttric constantt on frequenncy for diffeerent tempeerature
Effect of U
UV radiatioon on humann blood cann be explainned by dieleectric spectrroscopy. With increasinng
exposure ttime of UV
V radiation on the sam
me sample,, dialect coonstant goess on decreaasing rapidlly.
These resuults can be explained on
o the basiss of relaxatiion mechan
nism in hum
man blood. When
W
time of
exposure iincreases thhen the behhavior of bllood samplee changes from
f
dielecctric to norm
mal insulatoor.
The value of dielectric constant decreases
d
raapidly with increasing UV
U exposurre time (Figgure 5).
800
Without UV irradia
W
ations
W
With
UV irradiatio
ons (15 min)
W
With
UV irradiatio
ons (30 min)
W
With
UV irradiatio
ons (60 min)
600
500
r
Dielectric Constant (ε )
Dielectric Constant (εr )
700
400
300
200
100
0
2.5
100
3.0
3.5
log f
0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
0
3.5
4.0
4
4.5
log f
Figure 5: Dependencce of dielecttric constantt on frequenncy for diffeerent time of
o UV irradiiations
Conclusioon
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KIJSET/JAN-MAR2017/VOL-4/Iss-1/A13
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IMPACT FACTOR(2017) – 6.9101
It is concluded that UV radiation damage the blood restructure due to its high energy. Distortion of
blood cells due to UV radiation is responsible for different skin allergies, cancer etc. Effect of
exposure of UV radiation on human blood could be explained by micrographs and dielectric
spectroscopy.
Acknowledgement
We are thankful to Prof. B.B. Dzantiev Dy Director, A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russia) for discussion and suggestion to improve the quality of
work.
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