4/11/2017
Bio 125 lecture #21 (4/11/17)
Quiz Thursday on Reptiles & Birds
(Lectures 19-20)
Don’t be late for lab! Bring a jacket!
I. Marine Mammals (Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata)
A. Class Mammalia Characteristics (5)
B. Marine mammal evolution
C. Order Carnivora, Suborder Caniformia (formerly Pinnepedia)
1. Order Carnivora Characteristics
2. Suborder Caniformia Characteristics
i. Family Phocidae (Seals)
ii. Family Otariidae (Sea lions & fur seals)
iii. Family Odobetidae (Walrus)
3. Order Carnivora,
i. Family Mustelidae (sea otters)
ii. Family Ursideae (polar bears)
4. Order Sirenia
5. Order Cetacea
a. Origins
b. Order characteristics
c. Suborder Mysticeti (Baleen Whales )
Class Mammalia
Order Carnivora
Marine Mammals
Dr. Louis M. Herman/NOAA
Figure 34.14 The origin of tetrapods
Return to the sea!
Ancestral pinniped
Puijulla darwinii
(21-24 mya)
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Order Carnivora
Suborder Caniformia
(formerly Order Pinnipedia:
“web-foot”)
• Family Otariidae (sea lions)
• Family Phocidae (seals)
• Family Odobenidae
(walruses)
Suborder Caniformia (formerly Pinnipedia)
seals, sea lions, walrus
Food
Order Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions, walrus)
Order Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions, walrus)
Characteristics
Characteristics
1. paddle-shaped flippers
Predators on fish, squid, clams (walrus)
2. stream-lined body (swimming)
Order Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions, walrus)
Order Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions, walrus)
Characteristics
Characteristics
3. Thick blubber layer
(heat conservation)
4. rest/breed on land
1) most seals:
single mate
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Order Pinnipedia: Reproduction
2) Sea lions, fur seals, elephant seals:
Males: Fight for dominance
Dominant males establish territories
Order Pinnipedia:
Reproduction
1) Born on shore
Order Pinnipedia: Reproduction
2) Sea lions, fur seals, elephant seals:
Harems
Family Phocidae (Seals) vs.
Family Otariidae (Sea lions)
2) Nurse young
ear flaps
3) Ovulation
within weeks of
birth
4) Delayed implantation (timing)
Family Phocidae (Seals) vs.
Family Otariidae (Sea lions)
Family Otariidae: Sea lions
Swim with front flippers
Sea lions ->
Front & rear limbs
rotate forward
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Family Otariidae: Sea lions
Family Otariidae: Sea lions, fur seals
Males larger, more hair (mane)
Fur trade
www.amnh.org; Northern Sea Lion: Eumetopias jubatus
Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia
Order Carnivora:, Family Mustelidae (sea otters)
Family
Odobenidae Walruses
Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia
Order Carnivora, Family Ursidae (polar bears)
Kristina Yu
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Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia
Order Sirenia (manatees, dugongs)
Fossil & DNA evidence of
Cetacean ancestors:
even-toed ungulates
Class Mammalia
Order Cetacea
Order Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises)
Characteristics
Creodont (69 mya)
1. Streamlined
Ambulocetus, "walking whale" (48 mya)
Order Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises)
Characteristics
Order Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises)
Characteristics
3. Dorsal fin (on many)
2. No rear limbs -> fluke
(c) Larry Jon Friesen
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Order Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises)
Characteristics
4. Little hair
Order Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises)
Characteristics
5. Thick blubber layer
6. counter current heat exchange in tongue
(heat conservation)
Order Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises)
Characteristics
Order Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises)
Characteristics
7. Nostrils on top of head
(blowhole)
Spout – ID species
Blue
Grey
Stream-lining
Eat, swallow & breathe
Sperm
Right
Order Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises)
Baleen Whales – Suborder Mysticeti
Two SubOrders
Suborder Mysticeti
(Baleen whales)
2 blow-holes
Largest animals on Earth (ever)
Suborder Odontoceti
(Toothed whales):
1 blow-hole
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Baleen
• Keratin
• Thin, flexible plates
Hang in rows from upper jaw
3 feeding modes of baleen whales
Lecture #21 (4/11/17): Marine Mammals
7.
How do walruses feed? How does their feeding
create bioturbation?
8.
List & briefly describe 9 adaptations of polar
bears (Order Carnivora, Family Ursidae) for Arctic life
9.
List 3 different ways that Order Sirenia
(manatees & dugongs) differs from other marine
mammals
10. List 7 characteristics of Order Cetacea (whales,
dolphins, porpoises).
11. What are the two benefits for Cetaceans in
having nostrils on the top of the head?
Lecture #21 (4/11/17): Marine Mammals
1.
List 7 characteristics of Class Mammalia.
2.
What is the evolutionary origin of tetrapods (4
legged terrestrial animals)?
3.
List the 2 key characteristics of Class Mammalia,
Order Carnivora.
4.
List 4 characteristics of Pinnipeda (Suborder
Caniformia)( seals, sea lions, walruses).
5.
In what way do we still see a link of Pinnipeds to
land ancestry?
6.
What 2 physical characteristics distinguish
Family Phociadae (seals) from Family Otariidae (sea
lions)?
Lecture #21 (4/11/17): Marine Mammals
12. Briefly describe how cetaceans avoid losing body
heat thru their tongues.
13. What other adaptation allows them conserve
most of their body heat?
14. Order Mysticeti are baleen whales. What is
baleen? Describe basically how they feed.
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