Useful for Various Competitive Exams.
By
Dr. M.B. Lal
&
A.K. Singh
UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2
© Publishers
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ISBN : 978-81-7482-424-0
Price : 145·00
(Rs. One Hundred Forty Five Only)
Code No. 1539
Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA
CONTENTS
Pages
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Alphabet Test…………………………………………………………………………………………… 3–14
Spotting out the Dissimilar………………………………………………………………………….. 15–18
Analogy Test……………………………………………………………………………………………. 19–22
Coding and Decoding Test………………………………………………………………………….. 23–35
Number Series and Time……………………………………………………………………………. 36–40
Number Related Test………………………………………………………………………………… 41–45
Blood Relation Test…………………………………………………………………………………… 46–51
Ordering Test…………………………………………………………………………………………… 52–75
Syllogism………………………………………………………………………………………………… 76–98
Questions Based on Passage and Course of Action………………………………………… 99–113
Direction Test………………………………………………………………………………………. 114–122
Statement and Conditions……………………………………………………………………….. 123–133
Arguments…………………………………………………………………………………………… 134–138
Statement and Assumptions…………………………………………………………………….. 139–147
Mathematical Test…………………………………………………………………………………. 148–151
Series Test…………………………………………………………………………………………… 152–155
Accuracy of Statement and Venn Diagram………………………………………………….. 156–157
Five Options Test………………………………………………………………………………….. 158–161
Sentences or Numbers Configuration Test………………………………………………….. 162–166
Statement and Conclusion………………………………………………………………………. 167–174
Problem and Statement Type Test……………………………………………………………. 175–180
Cube Type Test…………………………………………………………………………………….. 181–188
Miscellaneous……………………………………………………………………………………….. 189–193
Figure Analogy Test……………………………………………………………………………….. 194–197
Figure Series Test………………………………………………………………………………….. 198–208
REASONING TEST
1
There are 26 letters in the alphabet. If it is
asked to count from the left, then it is begun to
count from A and if it is asked to count from the
right then it is begun from Z.
It is very difficult to remember the number of
positions of letters in the alphabet from the left. So
for it the formula EJOTY is very useful.
E → J → O → T → Y
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
5
10
15
20
25
It means E in the alphabet from the left is at
5th place, J at 10th, O at 15th, T at 20th and Y at
25th place. The position of the other letters is found
by adding or subtracting the position of there nearly
letters. For example if it is asked, “which letter is
at 13th place in the alphabet from the left ?”
Then by the formula ‘EJOTY” the nearly
values of 13th are 10th and 15th.
∴ 13 ⇒ 10 + 3
or, ⇒ J + (K + L + M) ⇒ 13
or, 13 ⇒ 15 – 2
⇒ O – (N, M) ⇒ 13
∴ At 13th place the letter in the alphabet
from the left is M.
Side by side it is also difficult to remember
the number of position of a letter in the alphabet
from the right. For this the formula B G L Q V is
used.
B ← G ← L ← Q ← V
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
25
20
15
10
5
It means V is at 5th place in the alphabet from
the right, Q is at 10th place, L is at 15th place, G
is at 20th place and B is at 25th place.
The position of any letter in the alphabet from
the right is found in the same way.
Example—Which letter is at 17th place in the
alphabet from the right ?
Alphabet Test
Answer—By the formula ‘BGLQV’ we see
that 17 is nearly by to 15th or 20th.
∴ 17 ⇒ 15 + 2 ⇒ L + K + J
or, 17 ⇒ 20 – 3 ⇒ G H I J
Hence at 17th place in the alphabet from the
right, the letter is ‘J’.
Second Method—There is another method also
by which the number of position of a letter in
the alphabet from the right can be known.
Position of a letter from the left = 27 –
position of the letter from the right.
Example—Find the letter which is at 17th
place from the right.
left
Answer—The position of the letter from the
= 27 – 17
= 10th
∴ By EJOTY formula, the letter which is
10th from the left is J.
Direction of letters in alphabet
Original letter
Right of the
Left of the
original letter original letter
ABCD ……
Left to the
original letter
…… XYZ
Right to the
original letter
Observer
Example—Find the letter of the alphabet
which is 4th of the right of the letter which is 11th
from the left.
4P | Reasoning T.
Answer—We know by EJOTY that 11th
letter of the alphabet from the left is K and 4th
letter of the right of K is G.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRS
11th letter from the left
TUVWXYZ
4th letter of the right of K
Exercise 1
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST
UVWXYZ
1. If the english alphabet is written in reverse
order, which one of the following letter will
be the 14th letter from the left ?
(A) N
(B) L
(C) O
(D) P
(E) None of these
2.
If the second half of the english alphabet is
written in reverse order, which letter will be
ninth of the right of the eighth letter from the
left end ?
(A) X
(B) Q
(C) W
(D) D
(E) None of these
3. A B @ ✩ $ d 1 2 f G h 9 2 u V n M N Q O ?
£&8
If the first half of the above sequence is
written in reverse order, which symbol or
letter will be 11th of the right of 21th symbol
or letter from the left end ?
(A) G
(B) h
(C) ✩
(D) @
(E) None of these
4. If 2 is written in place of B, X is written for
A, W for D, U for C, T for F and so on, then
how will BIGFACE be written ?
(A) ZMOSXUR
(B) ZLPTXUS
(C) ZLOTXYR
(D) ZLOTXUR
(E) ZNOVXUR
5. If the numbers of the clock are substituted by
letters starting from 3 in an anticlockwise
direction. 3 is substituted by C, 2 by E, 1 by
H, 12 by L and so on. Therefore by which
letter 10 will be substituted ?
(A) V
(B) W
(C) X
(D) U
(E) Z
6. If the second half of the english alphabet is
written in reverse order then the position of
which letter in the second half will remain
same as in english alphabet ?
(A) N
(B) Z
(C) S
(D) T
(E) U
7. If the english alphabet is written in reverse
order, then which letter will be 6th of the right
of P ?
(A) J
(B) V
(C) W
(D) K
(E) None of these
8. If each alternate letter starting from A in the
following alphabet is written in lower case and
the remaining in upper case, then, the third
month after July will be represented by—
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST
UVWXYZ
(A) OCtObER
(B) ocToBeR
(C) OCTOBER
(D) oCtObEr
(E) None of these
9. If first half of the alphabet is written in
reverse order, then which letter will be the
middle letter between the 9th letter from left
end and 10th letter from the right end ?
(A) B
(B) A
(C) N
(D) D
(E) None of these
10. If second half of the following alphabet is
written in reverse order then which letter will
be 10th from left of 9th letter from the right
end ?
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST
UVWXYZ
(A) I
(B) G
(C) J
(D) H
(E) None of these
Reasoning T. | 5P
11. If the second half of the english alphabet is
written in reverse order then which letter will
be 9th of the right of 9th letter from the left ?
(A) I
(B) F
(C) V
(D) W
(E) None of these
12. Which letter of the english alphabet is 7th of
the right of 13th letter from your left ?
(A) S
(B) T
(C) V
(D) U
(E) None of these
13. If the first half of the english alphabet is
written in reverse order then which letter will
be 19th from your right ?
(A) H
(B) F
(C) D
(D) E
(E) None of these
14. If the first and second letters of the english
alphabet interchange their positions, also the
third and fourth letters, the fifth and the sixth
letters and so on, which one of the following
letters would be the 17th letter from your
right ?
(A) H
(B) I
(C) F
(D) J
(E) None of these
15. If the first half of the english alphabet is
written in reverse order which would be the
9th letter from the left of 9th letter from your
right ?
(A) F
(B) I
(C) D
(D) E
(E) None of these
16. If the second half of the english alphabet is
written in reverse order then which would be
the seventh letter of the right of the 12th letter
from the left end ?
(A) S
(B) V
(C) R
(D) U
(E) None of these
17. If starting from the 5th letter from the left of
the english alphabet twelve letters are written
in reverse order, which would be the 7th letter
of the left of the 14th letter from the right ?
(A) M
(B) H
(C) L
(D) N
(E) None of these
18. Which would be the 6th letter of the left of
the 14th letter from the right of the english
alphabet ?
(A) S
(B) U
(C) F
(D) T
(E) None of these
19. If the second half of the english alphabet is
written in reverse order which would be the
6th letter of the left of the 18th letter from the
left ?
(A) X
(B) P
(C) O
(D) N
(E) None of these
20. If the english alphabet is written in reverse
order, which would be the 8th letter to the left
of 7th letter from the right ?
(A) P
(B) O
(C) N
(D) Q
(E) None of these
21. If the second half of the english alphabet is
written in reverse order which would be the
6th letter of the right of the 16th letter from
the left ?
(A) R
(B) U
(C) V
(D) Q
(E) None of these
22. Which letter is just in the middle of G and S
in the following alphabet ?
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST
UVWXYZ
(A) M
(B) N
(C) L
(D) Q
(E) None of these
23. Which letter would be the 7th letter of the left
of 14th letter from the right in the english
alphabet ?
(A) E
(B) F
(C) T
(D) S
(E) None of these
Answers with Explanation
1. (E) On writing the english alphabet in reverse
order, we get—
ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIH
14th letter from the left
GFEDCBA
6P | Reasoning T.
2. (E) On writing the second half of the alphabet
in reverse order, we get—
9.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMZYXWVU
8th letter from the left
TSRQPON
9th letter of right of H
10.
The 8th letter from the left is H and 9th letter
of right of H is O.
3. (E) On writing the first half of the given
sequence in reverse order, we get—
g h G F 2 1 d $
@ B A Z
11.
uVnMNQO ?£&8
21st symbol from the left is ? and 11th
symbol to the left of ? is $.
4. (D)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
X
Z
U W
R
T
O
Q
L
N
+2
+2
−3
+2
−3
+2
−3
12.
13.
+2
−3
14.
∴ For BIGFACE → ZLOTXUR
5. (B) 3 → C, 2 → E, 1 ⎯ H, 12 → L, 11 → Q
and 10 → W
For each next number, the letters missing are
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
6. (D) On writing the second half of the alphabet
in reverse order, we get—
ABCDEFGHIJKLMZYXWVUT
SRQPON
In this the position T remains unchanged.
7. (B) On writing the english alphabet in reverse
order, we get—
ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG
FEDCBA
The 6th letter right of P is V.
8. (B) On writing the alphabet according to the
given condition we get—
aBcDeFgHiJkLmNoPqRsTuVwXyZ
15.
16.
Since third month after July is October which
will be written as—ocToBeR
(B) On writing the first half alphabet in reverse
order, we get—
MLKJIHGFEDCBANOPQRSTUVWXYZ
9th letter from the left end is E and 10th letter
from the right end is Q.
The middle letter between E and Q is A.
(D) On writing the second half of the alphabet
in reverse order we get—
ABCDEFGHIJKLMZYXWVUT
SRQPON
In this 9th letter from the right end is V and
10th letter from the left of V is H.
(E) On writing the second half of the alphabet
in reverse order we get—
ABCDEFGHIJKLMZYXWVUT
SRQPON
In this 9th letter from the left end is I and 9th
letter of the right of I is A.
(E) 13th letter from one left is M and 7th
letter of the right of M is F.
(B) On writing the first half of the alphabet in
reverse order, we get—
MLKJIHGFEDCBANOPQRST
UVWXYZ
In this 19th letter from our right is F.
(B) On changing the letters according to the
question we get—
BADCFEHGJILKNMPORQTS
VUXWZY
In this 17th letter from our right is I.
(D) On writing the first half of the alphabet in
reverse order, we get—
MLKJIHGFEDCBANOPQRST
UVWXYZ
In this 9th letter from the right is R and 9th
letter to the left of R is E.
(E) On writing the second half of the alphabet
in reverse order, we get—
ABCDEFGHIJKLMZYXWVUT
SRQPON
In this 12th letter from the left end is L and
7th letter of the right of L is E.
17. (E) On writing 12 letters from 5th letter from
the left of the alphabet in reverse order we
get—