Slide 1
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THE NEW NATION
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Slide 2
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The Constitution
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Lays out the laws, principles,
organization and processes
of the government.
BUT…
Did not explain:
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HOW to set up the
government
 HOW the President should
govern
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This chapter is broken into
subjects, not chronological
order!
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Slide 3
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George Washington
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1st President
President for 8 years
Maintained a formal
dignified appearance
Always showed respect
for other branches of
the government
He set precedent
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Slide 4
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The Cabinet
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Created by Congress
 Help
the President
carryout his duties.
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5 Cabinet positions
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 Secretary
of Treasury
 Secretary of State
 Secretary of War
 Attorney General
 Postman General
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Slide 5
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The Cabinet Today
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Secretary of State
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Timothy F. Geithner
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Secretary of Defense
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Attorney General
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Secretary of Agriculture
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Secretary of Commerce
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Kathleen Sebelius
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Shaun L.S. Donovan
Secretary of Education
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Secretary of Veteran Affairs
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Secretary of Homeland Security
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Ray LaHood
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Arne Duncan
Eric K. Shinseki
Slide 6
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Janet A. Napolitano
Kenneth L. Salazar
Thomas J. Vilsack
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John E. Bryson
Secretary of Labor
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Steven Chu
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Secretary of Transportation
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Secretary of Energy
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Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development
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General Eric H. Holder Jr.
Secretary of the Interior
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Leon E. Panetta
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Secretary of Health and Human
Services
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Secretary of the Treasury
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Hillary Rodham Clinton
Hilda L. Solis
The Judiciary Act
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Passed in 1789
Organized the court
system
The Supreme Court
1
Chief Justice
 5 Associate Justices.
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Today we have
1
8
Chief Justice
Associate Justices
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Slide 7
Alexander Hamilton & his plan
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Paying off debt was key to increasing investment in
America
 This
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would lead to improving the country’s economy
His plan to pay off the debt:
 Federal
government would assume the debts of the states
 Pay off national debt by taxing goods produced or used
inside the country
 Create a national bank to issue paper currency
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Slide 8
American Revolution War Debt
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Wealthy people invested money in “speculating”
 Buy
bonds that are priced low
on to the bonds until the government has money
 Bonds are then turned in and are worth more
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 Hang
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Hamilton’s plan helped the wealthy, powerful people,
but it also made America strong economically.
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Slide 9
Creating Foreign Policy
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Washington believed that the U.S. should be:
 Neutral in foreign affairs
 United as a country
Revolutionary war treaty with France granted the U.S. ports to
French ships… England did not like this!
“Neutrality Proclamation”
 Take no sides
 Hard to enforce
 Merchants wanted to trade with both France & Britain
 Both seized U.S. ships
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Slide 10
Jay’s Treaty
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Between U.S. & Britain
 British
troops leave U.S.
to pay for all ships they stole
 U.S. can trade with Asia and British
colonies
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 England
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Washington and Senate
accept treaty to avoid war
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Slide 11
XYZ Affair
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President John Adams continued:
 Neutrality abroad
 Unity at home
XYZ Affair (X,Y, & Z are French agents)
 French attacking U.S. ships- wanted a “LOAN” to stop

(LOAN = TRIBUTE)
U.S. afraid France would start a war if we didn’t pay
Adams prints the bribery letters, Americans get mad
 Add taxes to prepare for war
 France backs down
 Adams becomes a hero
“millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute”
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Slide 12
Alien and Sedition Acts
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Adams tries to use popularity to get changes from
Congress
New Laws:
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 Fewer
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foreigners coming into the U.S. (Aliens)
speak out against the government (Sedition)
 President can arrest anyone he thought dangerous
 Cannot
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Found unconstitutional- didn’t last for long
Outrage of the acts cause him to lose the election
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Slide 13
The Development of Political Parties
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Slide 14
No political parties when
Washington took office.
Most leaders disliked the
idea
 “If I could not go to
heaven but with a party, I
would not go at all.”
Thomas Jefferson
Did the development of
political parties go against
the motto of the new
nation?
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Two Different Views
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Alexander Hamilton
 Born
in the West Indies
his way up
from poverty
 Dressed in fine clothing
 Spoke forcefully and
enjoyed political
debate
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 Worked
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Slide 15
Federalists
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Favored Alexander Hamilton
Known as Federalists because they favored the
federal government
Supporters were:
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 Merchants
 Manufacturers
 Some
Southern Planters
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Slide 16
Two Different Views
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Thomas Jefferson
 Wealthy
Virginia
planter
 Dressed and spoke
informally
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Slide 17
Democratic Republicans
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Favored Thomas Jefferson
 Known
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as Republicans
 **
Not the same as today’s republicans!!!**
 GOP –Grand Old Party
 Supporters
 Small
were:
farmers
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 Artisans
 Some
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wealthy planters
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Slide 18
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Different Views
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Alexander Hamilton
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Slide 19
U.S. to Model England
Federal Political Party
Strong National/Federal
Government
Supported National Bank
Favored growth of cities &
merchant class (big
business)
Loose interpretation of
Constitution
Mostly from the North
Thomas Jefferson
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Supported France
Democratic-Republicans
Political Party
Stronger State Government
Eventually lose support for
National Bank
Farmers were the backbone
of the U.S.
Strict interpretation of
Constitution
Most from the South
Influence of Media
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Number of newspapers more than doubled in the
late 1700’s
 As
political parties & conflicts grew, newspapers took
sides
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