6/28/2012
Analysis of Florida Travel Patterns:
2009 National Household Travel Survey
Steven E. Polzin, PhD.
Center for Urban Transportation Research
University of South Florida
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INTRODUCTION TO THE NHTS
• National travel survey conducted every 5‐8 years by FHWA
• Sole national source of data on all trip purposes and all modes of travel
• Contains:
– Individual trip data (mode, trip length, travel time)
– Person characteristics (age, race, worker status)
– Household characteristics (number of people, income)
– Vehicle characteristics (make, model, mileage)
• FDOT purchased an add‐on dataset to examine travel more accurately and comprehensively within the state. Included additional questions and sample specified by regional geography
• All trip data geocoded
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TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
Combined Metropolitan Area
People Sampled
Jacksonville
2,279
Fort Lauderdale-Miami
5,874
Orlando
2,385
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
4,088
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
1,859
All Other Regions/Not in an MSA
14,467
Total
30,952
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DATA COLLECTION
• Random sample of residential land line phone
numbers
• Dormitories and fraternity/sorority houses included as
• Medical institutions, prisons, or military barracks
excluded
• Each household assigned a travel day
• Executed March 2008-March 2009
• Households kept a travel diary of all travel
• Follow-up phone interview conducted after travel day
utilizing Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing
(CATI) technology
4
Slide 4
pl932mz5 Combine Slides 2-4 to one slide? Most of the text belongs to the talking points.
monica zhong, 4/9/2012
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OBJECTIVES OF NHTS ANALYSIS
• Develop a descriptive picture of past and current travel in Florida
• Explore travel in different geographies within the state
• Examine modes and their users
• Interpret the implications for transportation policy and investment
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CURRENT AND PROPOSED WORK
Current Work: Florida NHTS Analysis
• Chapter One: About the NHTS
• Chapter Two: Florida vs. U.S. Travel
• Chapter Three: Historical Florida Travel Trends
• Chapter Four: Florida Travel by Geography
• Chapter Five: Florida Mode‐Specific Analysis
Planned Work: Briefs
• Travel and the internet
• Tourism travel
• School travel
• Immigrant travel
• Interstate usage of elderly drivers
• Snowbird travel
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Fundamentals on Interpreting NHTS Data
“If you torture the data long enough, nature will confess.”
Ronald Coase – 1991 Nobel Prize in Economics
“If you torture the data long enough you can make it confess to anything.”
Alan Pisarski – No Nobel Prizes
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So What? How NHTS Impacts Decisions
Time
NHTS
Decisions
Develop Planning Tools and Models
Research
Elucidate Relationships
between travel and “X”
Descriptive Analysis
Inform Perceptions
Influencing decisions doesn’t mean the policy makers read an NHTS report the night before the vote
X = land use, demographics, safety, health, energy use, air quality, etc.
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PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Basic description of Florida population
Basic travel analysis (FL vs. U.S.)
Historic travel trends
Travel differences by geography
Bike/walk travel
Transit travel
Carpool travel
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DEMOGRAPHICS OF FLORIDIANS
Age Distribution for Florida versus the U.S.
25%
20%
Florida
U.S.
45-54
Years
55-64
Years
15%
10%
5%
0%
Under 5 5-14
Years Years
15-19
Years
20-34
Years
35-44
Years
65+
Years
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 American Community Survey (ACS).
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DEMOGRAPHICS OF FLORIDIANS
Annual Household Income in Florida versus the U.S.
25%
Percent of All Households
20%
15%
10%
Florida
U.S.
5%
0%
Less than $10,000 to $15,000 to $25,000 to $35,000 to $50,000 to $75,000 to $100,000
$10,000 $14,999 $24,999 $34,999 $49,999 $74,999 $99,999 or more
Household Income
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 ACS.
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DEMOGRAPHICS OF FLORIDIANS
Household Size in Florida versus the U.S.
40%
Percentage of Population
35%
30%
U.S.
25%
Florida
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7+
Number of People in Household
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 ACS.
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BASIC TRAVEL ANALYSIS
Average Number of Trips per Day per Person
Trip Rates by Age: Florida vs. U.S.
4.5
Florida
4.0
US (with Florida)
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
5 to 15 16 to
24
25 to
39
40 to
64
65 to
69
70 to
74
75 to
79
80 to
84
85+
All
Ages
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BASIC TRAVEL ANALYSIS
Trip Length by Age: Florida vs. U.S.
12
Average Trip Length (Miles)
10
Florida
US (with Florida)
8
6
4
2
0
5 to 15 16 to 24 25 to 39 40 to 64 65 to 69 70 to 74 75 to 79 80 to 84
85+
All Ages
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BASIC TRAVEL ANALYSIS
38.9%
Florida
US (with Florida)
35%
30%
25%
3.0%
1.0%
1.2%
1.9%
1.0%
5%
0.3%
10%
2.8%
9.2%
15%
10.5%
20%
0.4%
Percent of Trips
40%
38.8%
45%
44.4%
50%
46.5%
Mode Share: Florida vs. U.S.
0%
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BASIC TRAVEL ANALYSIS
Temporal Distribution of Weekday Trips: Florida vs. U.S.
9%
Percentage of all Weekday Trips
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
Florida
US (with Florida)
2%
1%
0%
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BASIC TRAVEL ANALYSIS
Trips by Trip Purpose: Florida vs. U.S.
25%
Florida
US (With Florida)
Percentage of Trips
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
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BASIC TRAVEL ANALYSIS
• Trip lengths in Florida are generally comparable to the country
Average Trip Length (miles)
Trip Length (miles) by Purpose: Florida vs. U.S.
30
25
Florida
U.S. (with Florida)
20
15
10
5
0
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HISTORIC FLORIDA TRAVEL TRENDS
Historic Annual Total Florida VMT and PMT
250
Billion Miles
200
150
100
VMT
PMT
50
0
1990
1995
2001
2009
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HISTORIC FLORIDA TRAVEL TRENDS
Historic Annual Florida VMT and PMT per Capita
16,000
14,000
12,000
Miles
10,000
8,000
6,000
VMT/Capita
4,000
PMT/Capita
2,000
0
1990
1995
2001
2009
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HISTORIC FLORIDA TRAVEL TRENDS
Average Trip Length over Time
12
9.7
10
8.8
9.3
Miles of Travel
9.2
8
6
4
2
0
1990
1995
2001
2009
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HISTORIC FLORIDA TRAVEL TRENDS
Historic Mode Share in Florida
Historic Mode Share for Transit, Bike,
Walk
100%
10%
1990 NPTS
80%
1995 NPTS
70%
60%
2001 NHTS
50%
2009 NHTS
40%
30%
Percentage of All Trips
Percentage ofAll Trips
90%
9.2%
9%
Transit
8%
Bike
Walk
7%
6.6%
5%
4%
3.5%
3%
20%
2%
10%
1%
0%
0%
Auto
Transit
Bike
Walk
Other
6.9%
6%
1.1%
1.2%
0.8%
0.6%
1990
1.2%
0.9%
1995
1.1%
2001
1.2%
2009
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HISTORICAL FLORIDA TRAVEL TRENDS
Historic Florida Travel Speed Trends
35
32.8
30.5
30
28.0
28.3
Miles per Hour
25
20
15
10
5
0
1990
1995
2001
2009
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HISTORIC FLORIDA TRAVEL TRENDS
Temporal Distribution of All Trips (Weekdays)
12%
Percentage of all Weekday Trips
2009 NHTS
10%
8%
2001 NHTS
1995 NPTS
1990 NPTS
6%
4%
2%
0%
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
• More urbanized areas tend to have lower levels of VMT and PVMT
VMT and PVMT per Capita for Urban/Rural Areas
Area
Urban
Second
City
Suburb
Town and
Country
VMT per
Capita
5,380
6,999
7,262
9,278
PVMT
per
Capita
7,237
9,629
9,967
14,149
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
Trip Length - Urban/Rural
Area
Trip Length
(miles)
Urban
7.2
Second City
8.6
Suburb
8.7
Town and Country
11.9
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
Mode Share for Urban/Rural Areas
100%
90%
85.7%
86.0%
88.1%
82.7%
Percent of Daily Trips
80%
70%
60%
Auto
Walk
50%
Transit
40%
Bike
Other
30%
20%
10%
8.0% 1.2%
0.2%
2.5%
0%
Town and Country
9.5%
1.3%
0.9%
Suburb
2.3%
8.7% 1.2%
1.7%
2.7%
Second City
11.3%
2.8%
1.3%
1.9%
Urban
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
• Urban areas typically have lower speed roads and more congestion
Average Travel Speeds - Urban/Rural
Area
Urban
Second
City
Suburb
Town and
Country
Average
Speed
(MPH)
22.9
27.5
27.5
33.4
Average
Travel Time
(Minutes)
18.7
18.2
18.8
20.5
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
VMT and PVMT by Metropolitan Area
Metropolitan Area
VMT per Capita
PVMT per Capita
Jacksonville
8,825
12,726
Fort LauderdaleMiami
6,281
8,288
Orlando
7,605
11,197
Tampa-St.
PetersburgClearwater
6,810
9,993
West Palm BeachBoca Raton
7,392
10,039
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
Trip Length by Metropolitan Area
Metropolitan Area
Trip Length
(Miles)
Jacksonville
11.1
Fort Lauderdale-Miami
7.7
West Palm Beach-Boca
Raton
8.0
Orlando
10.6
Tampa-St. PetersburgClearwater
8.7
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
Mode Share by Metropolitan Area
100%
Jacksonville
90%
Ft. Lauderdale-Miami
80%
Percent of All Trips
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton
70%
Orlando
60%
Tampa-St. PetersburgClearwater
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Auto
Transit
Bike
Walk
Other
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
• More densely populated metropolitan areas have lower travel speeds
Average Travel Speeds by Metropolitan Area
Metropolitan Area
Average
Speed
(MPH)
Average
Travel
Time
(Minutes)
Jacksonville
33.3
20.1
Ft. Lauderdale-Miami
23.9
20.2
West Palm BeachBoca Raton
29.1
17.3
Orlando
28.8
19.4
Tampa-St. PetersburgClearwater
27.1
18.3
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
VMT and PVMT per Capita by Population Density
16,000
14,000
12,000
Miles
10,000
8,000
6,000
VMT per Capita
4,000
PVMT per Capita
2,000
0
0 - 99
100 - 499 500 - 999
1,000 1,999
2,000 3,999
4,000 9,999
10,000 24,999
25,000 999,999
Population Density (People per Square Mile)
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
PVMT/VMT Ratio by Population Density
1.6
PVMT/VMT Ratio
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0 - 99
100 - 499 500 - 999
1,000 1,999
2,000 3,999
4,000 9,999
10,000 24,999
25,000 999,999
Population Density (People per Square Mile)
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
Trip Rate by Population Density
4.5
Daily Trips per Person
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 - 99
100 - 499 500 - 999 1,000 1,999
2,000 3,999
4,000 9,999
10,000 - 25,000 24,999 999,999
Population Density (People per Square Mile)
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
Trip Length by Population Density
16
Average Trip Length (Miles)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0 - 99
100 - 499 500 - 999 1,000 1,999
2,000 3,999
4,000 9,999
10,000 - 25,000 24,999 999,999
Population Density (People per Square Mile)
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
Auto Mode Share by Population Density
100%
90%
Percent of All Trips
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0 - 99
100 - 499 500 - 999
1,000 1,999
2,000 3,999
4,000 9,999
10,000 24,999
25,000 999,999
Population Density (People per Square Mile)
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
Mode Share for Other Modes by Population Density
18%
Transit
16%
Bike
Percent of all Trips
14%
Walk
12%
Other
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
0 - 99
100 - 499 500 - 999
1,000 1,999
2,000 3,999
4,000 9,999
10,000 24,999
25,000 999,999
Population Density (People per Square Mile)
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY GEOGRAPHY
Travel Speed by Population Density
Speed (Miles per Hour)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 - 99
100 - 499 500 - 999
1,000 1,999
2,000 3,999
4,000 9,999
10,000 24,999
25,000 999,999
Population Density (People per Square Mile)
39
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY BICYCLE/WALK
Bicycle and Walk Trip Length by Trip Purpose
Average Trip Length (Miles)
5
Bicycle
4
Walk
3
2
1
0
40
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FLORIDA TRAVEL ‐ BICYCLE/WALK BY AGE
Bicycle and Walk Mode Share by Age
12%
Percentage of All Trips
10%
8%
6%
Bicycle
Walk
4%
2%
0%
0-15
16-19
20-29
30-39
40-59
60-64
65 or Older
Age
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY BICYCLE/WALK
Bicycle and Walk Mode Share by Household Income
Percentage of All Trips
16%
14%
Bicycle
Walk
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Annual Household Family Income
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY BICYCLE/WALK
Bicycle and Walk Mode Share by Trip Purpose
Percentage of Trips
60%
50%
40%
Bicycle
Walk
All Modes
30%
20%
10%
0%
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY BICYCLE/WALK
Number of Bicycle Trips in a Week
Frequency of Bicycling in a Week
Percentage of
Population
No bicycle trips in the past week
86.7%
Less than once a week (1 time)
3.7%
Once or twice a week (2-4 times)
6.3%
Multiple times a week (5+ times)
3.4%
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY BICYCLE/WALK
Number of Walk Trips per Week
Frequency of Walking in a Week
Percentage
of
Population
No walk trips in the past week
34.1%
Less than once a week (1 time)
4.7%
Once or twice a week (2-6 times)
34.5%
About once a day (7-14 times)
20.1%
More than once a day (15+ times)
6.6%
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY BICYCLE/WALK
Household Vehicle Ownership for Bicyclist and Pedestrian Households
Percentage of Households
45%
40%
Bicyclist
Households
35%
Pedestrian
Households
30%
25%
All Florida
Households
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
0
1
2
3+
Number of Household Vehicles
46
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY BICYCLE/WALK
Household Income for Pedestrian and Bicycle Households
25%
Bicyclist Households
Percentage of Households
20%
Pedestrian Households
All Florida Households
15%
10%
5%
0%
Annual Household Income
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY TRANSIT BY AGE
Transit Mode Share by Age
Percentage of All Trips
2.5%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
0-15
16-19
20-29
30-39
40-59
60-64
65 or Older
Age
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY TRANSIT
Transit Mode Share by Household Income
Percentage of All Trips
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
1%
0%
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY TRANSIT
Transit Mode Share by Trip Purpose
Percentage of All Trips
30%
25%
20%
Transit
All Modes
15%
10%
5%
0%
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY TRANSIT
Number of Transit Trips in a Month
Frequency of Using Transit in a Month
Percentage
of
Population
Never
85.1%
Less than once a month (1 time)
3.0%
Once or twice a month (2-4 times)
4.4%
About once a week (5-10 times)
3.0%
Two or more days a week (11+ times)
4.5%
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY TRANSIT
Residential Location of Transit Users
Percentage of Individuals
35%
Transit Users
30%
Florida Population
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Urban
Second City
Suburb
Town and Country
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY TRANSIT
• Nearly 50% of all transit user households do not own a car Percentage of All Households
Household Vehicle Ownership of Transit User Households
60%
Transit User Households
50%
All Florida Households
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
0
1
2
3+
Number of Household Vehicles
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY TRANSIT
Household Income for Transit User Households vs. All Households
Percentage of All Households
35%
Transit User Households
30%
All Florida Households
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
Annual Household Income
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY CARPOOL
• Mixed carpools have the highest occupancy while non‐HH carpools have the lowest occupancy
PVMT/VMT Ratio by Carpool Type
Type of Carpool
PVMT/VMT Ratio
HH Carpool Trips
2.26
Mixed Carpool Trips
2.57
Non-HH Carpool Trips
1.52
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY CARPOOL
• Mixed carpool trips tend to be the longest while HH carpool trips tend to be the shortest Trip Length by Carpool Type
Type of Carpool
Average Trip Length
(Miles)
HH Carpool Trips
9.81
Mixed Carpool Trips
13.28
Non-HH Carpool Trips
11.12
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY CARPOOL
• Nearly half of all auto travel is carpools or multi‐occupant trips
Mode Share for Auto Trips
33.3%
HH Carpool
Non HH Carpool
50.0%
Mixed Carpool
SOV Auto
7.7%
9.0%
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FLORIDA TRAVEL BY CARPOOL
Mode Share by Household Income and Carpool Type
Percentage of All Trips
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
HH Carpool
Non HH Carpool
Mixed Carpool
15%
10%
5%
0%
Less than $10,000 to $20,000 to $30,000 to $40,000 to $50,000 to $60,000 to $70,000 to $80,000 to Over
$10,000 $19,999 $29,999 $39,999 $49,999 $59,999 $60,999 $79,999 $99,999 $100,000
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CONCLUSION
Floridian travel behavior is similar to that of other US residents.
• Differences that do exist appear to be attributable to
different
demographic and socioeconomic characteristics
• Differences in built environment and travel choice options
may also explain differences between Florida and national
averages.
Like the rest of the US, travel behavior trends in Florida are
changing in meaningful ways. These differences reflect more than
short-term economic stress. The plateauing of travel or reversal
of travel growth trends reflects many factors including the
consequence of population aging, vehicle availability saturation,
real income growth plateauing, communication substitution
opportunities, travel cost increases, congestion levels, and other
factors.
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