CHAPTER-IV
INDUSTRIAL PROFILE OF THE
ANANTAPUR DISTTRICT
Background
Anantapur is one of the sixth drought prone district of the country
identified by the World Bank. The district was formed in the year 1882
separating from Bellary district and later in 1910 it was expanded with the
addition of the revenue mandals of Kadiri, Mudigubba, Nallamada, N.P.
Kunta, Talupula, Nallacheruvu, O.D. Cheruvu, Tanakal, Amadaguru and
Gandlapenta (Previous Kadiri taluk) from Kadapa district. Again in 1956
the
Revenue
Mandals
namely
Rayadurg,
D.Hirehal,
Kanekal,
Bommanahal, Gummagutta of Bellary District were added to Anantapur
District. For administrative purpose the district has been divided in to 3
Revenue Divisions Consisting of 63 Revenue Mandals of which 20
Mandals are in Anantapur Division, 17 Mandals are in Dharmavaram
Division and 26 Mandals are in Penukonda division.
Anantapur district lies between 13-40 and 15-15 Northern Latitudes
and 76-50 and 78-30 Eastern longitudes. It extends over an area of
19,130 Sq kms and is bounded by Bellaiy & Kumool Districts on the
North, Kadapa and Kolar districts of Karnataka on south East and North
respectively. The district is roughly oblong in shape, the longer side
running North to South with a portion of Chitradurg of Karnataka state
intruding in to from west between Kundurpi and Amarapuram Mandals.
There are 16 blocks covering 964 revenue villages and 2,443 hamlets in
the district1.
Population
The details relating to the population of Anantapur district are
presented in Table 4.1.
145
Table 4.1.
Area and Population Statistics - 2001
Anantapur
Items
unit
District
SQ.km
19130
Area
Population
Andhra
Pradesh
275069
Lakhs
36.41
762.10
No.
958
978
Rural Population
%
74.74
72.7
Urban Population
%
25.26
27.3
Total literacy
%
56.13
60.47
Male Literacy
%
68.00
70.32
Female literacy
%
43.00
50.43
S.C. Population
%
14.14
16.19
S.T. Population
%
3.49
6.59
No.
190
277
Females Per Thousand Males
Density
Source: 1. Handbook of Statistics, O/o Chief Planning Officer, Anantapur.
2. Statistical Abstract, Directorate of Economics & statistics, Hyderabad.
The table 4.1 shows that the total population of the district is 36.41
lakhs according to 2001 censes. Three-fourths of the district’s population
lives in rural areas while one quarter dwells in urban areas. The literacy
rate of the district made a significant progress from 35.0 in 1991 to 56.13
per cent in 2001. The density of population of the district also increased
from 166 persons per sq km. to 190 persons per sq.km, during the same
period. Females per thousand males stood at 958 in 2001. The scheduled
caste population marginally accounts for 14.14 in 2001. While the
scheduled-tribe population accounted for only 3.49 per cent. Anantapur
district, extending over an area of 19,131 sq.kms. Accounts for nearly
7.00 per cent of the total geographical area of Andhra Pradesh state.
According to 2001 census the population of Anantapur district
accounts for 4.78 per cent of the total population of Andhra Pradesh state.
146
The literacy rate in Anantapur district i.e. 56.13 per cent is less than that
of Andhra Pradesh State (61.55 per cent).
Growth of Population
Censes wise growth of population is presented in table 4.2.
Table 4.2.
Censes-wise Growth oiF Population
Density of
population
(Per Sq. Km.)
Population
Increase in
Population
Percentage
Of increase
1901
1025322
1053449
2.74
54
1911
28127
1921
1040166
-13283
-1.26
54
1931
1138081
97915
9.41
60
1941
1273060
134979
11.86
67
1951
1483591
210531
16.54
78
1961
1767464
283873
19.13
92
1971
2115321
347857
19.68
111
1981
2548012
432691
20.46
133
1991
3183814
635802
24.95
166
2001
3640478
456664
14.34
190
Year
55
Source: Different Census Reports.
The table 4.2 shows that the population of Anantapur district
increased from 10,25,322 in 1901 to 36,40,478 in 2001. The increase,
thus registered by 370.14 percent. The Population of the district during
100 years from 1901 to 2001 has fairly increased except during the
decade that ended with 1921. The reason for low population was due to
great epidemic. The growth rate has increased from decade to decade
because of improved medical facilities and better living conditions. The
growth rate of population of Anantapur district is recorded at 2.34 per
cent which is higher compared to that of Rayalaseema region i.e. 12.12
147
percent. The growth in the population was not so significant up to 1951.
In brief the size of the population in 2001 is large nearly three and a half
times to that of 1901 population. The number of people living in one
square kilometer area is termed as density of population. In Anantapur
district, the density population increased from 54 in 1901 to 190 in 2001.
Labour force
The total population is divided into two broad categories (i) workers
and (ii) non-workers. The total workers again are classified into two
groups (a) main workers and (b) marginal workers. Main workers include
cultivators, Agricultural labourers and workers engaged in Household
industry and other than household industry. Distribution of workers in
Anantapur district is presented in table 4.3.
Table 4.3.
Distribution of Workers by Broad Industrial Category - 2001
Category
No. of persons
Total Population
Total Workers
Total main workers
Cultivators
Agricultural labourers
Household Industry
Other than household
Industry
Marginal Workers
Non -Workers
Anantapur
District
Andhra
Pradesh
3640478
1777536
(48.83)
1471218
(82.77)
488056
(33.17)
462292
(31.42)
76210007
34893859
(45.8)
29040873
(83.23)
7397688
(25.47)
9823264
(33.83)
85991
(5.84)
434879
(29.56)
306318
(17.23)
1862942
(51.17)
1352705
(4.66)
10467216
(36.04)
5852986
(16.77)
41316148
_____ (54^1_____
Source: Population census 2001.
Note: Figures in brackets are percentages to total population.
148
The table 4.3 shows that the total population of the district workers
account for 48.83 per cent and non-workers for 51.17 per cent indicating
high dependency ratio. Most of the total workers are main workers
constituting 82.77 per cent and the remaining (17.23 per cent) are
marginal workers. Of the total main workers cultivators and agricultural
labourers account for 33.17 per cent and 31.42 percent respectively. That
means nearly 65 per cent of the main workers are engaged in agriculture
sector. In Andhra Pradesh the percentage of cultivators is low (25.47 per
cent) compared to that of Anantapur district (33.17 per cent). While the
percentage of non-workers is high (54.2 per cent) in Andhra Pradesh.
Rainfall and Drought Conditions
Anantapur district has a fairly good elevation which provides it with
tolerable climate throughout the year. There was a gradual fall from the
south-north towards the valley of the Pennar in Peddavadugur,
Peddapappur and Tadipatri mandals. There is a gradual rise in Hindupur,
Parigi, Lepakshi, Chilmathur, Agali, Rolla and Madakasira Mandals in the
South to join the Karnataka Plateau where the average elevation is about
2000 feet which is above the mean sea level. It is about 110 feet at
Anantapur and 900 feet at Tadimarri.
The geographical position of the district renders it the driest part of
the state and hence, agricultural conditions are more often precarious.
Monsoons also evade this part due to its unfortunate location. Being for
from the East coast it does not enjoy the full benefits of North-East
monsoon and being cut-off by the high Western ghats, the south-west
monsoons are also prevented from penetrating and punching the thirst of
these parched soils. Therefore, the district is deprived of both the
monsoons and subjected to droughts due to bad seasons. Rainfall and
drought conditions of Anantapur district are presented table 4.4.
149
Table 4.4.
Month- wise and Season-wise Rainfall- 2005-06
_______________________________________(In mm)
Anantapur District
Season/ month
Normal
Actual
I. South-West monsoon
June
64.0
48.8
July
67.0
145.4
89.0
August
98.0
September
118.0
134.4
Total
338.0
426.6
II. North-East monsoon
111.0
October
190.9
35.0
49.5
November
December
10.0
11.9
Total
156.0
252.3
III. Winter
2.0
0.0
January
1.0
0.0
February
3.0
0.0
Total
IV. Hot season
3.0
40.8
March
11.7
13.0
April
59.8
40.0
May
112.3
56.0
Total
553.0
791.2
Annual Rainfall
Source: Handbook of Statistics, O/o Chief Planning Officer, Anantapur.
In the table 4.4 shown that the normal rain fall of the district is 553
mm and it secures least rainfall when compared to Rayalaseema and other
parts of Andhra Pradesh.
The normal rainfall of the South-west
monsoon period is 338 mm which forms about 61.2 per cent of the total
rainfall for the year. The deficiency of rainfall in south-west monsoon
period (June to September) results in failure of crops. The normal rainfall
of the North-East monsoon period (October-December) is only 156 mm
150
which accounts for 28.3 percent of the total manual rainfall. April and
May are the warm months with the normal daily maximum temperature of
29.1c. Hindupur, parigi, Chilamathur, Agili, Rolla and Madakasira
mandals, being at high elevation, are more cooler than the rest of the
mandals in the district.
Of the 111 years (1900 AD to 2001 AD) 34 years were drought
affected years in the district. Before 1900 A.D drought conditions
prevailed in the district for only 4 years. In Anantapur district the highest
annual rainfall i.e. 1,127.8mm was recorded in 1878-79. The rainfall
varied from 887mm in 1903-04 to 320 mm in 1934-35.
In the next decade drought conditions recurred in 5 years, the worst
being in 1951-52. During 1960-70 the rainfall was meager and 7 years
were declared drought years. The lowest rainfall was 407.8mm in 196566. Till mid-seventies the drought situation was better and it worsened
afterwards. It is noticed that drought recurred in every alternative year
during this period. The rainfall declined from 324.4mm in 1984-85 to
278.4 mm in the next year.
It is estimated that only 10 to 15 per cent of the available rainfall is
utilized for crop production and nearly two-thirds of the rain water is
being wasted by evaporation. As a result the agricultural operations in the
district are affected adversely. For all these reasons there has been a
change in the cropping pattern in Anantapur district.
Soils
The district can be divided into three natural divisions. The first
division includes the northern mandals of Rayadurg, Kanekal, Beluguppa,
Gooty, Guntakal, Vajrakarur, Uravakonda, Vidapanakal, Yadiki, Tadipatri,
Putlur and Yellanur. In these mandals large area is Black cotton soil. The
second
division
comprises
Kalyanadurg,
Kambadur,
Settur,
Brahmasamudram, Ramagir, Kanaganapalli, C.K.palli, Dharmavaram,
Bathalapalli, Tadimari, Mudigubba, Anantapur, kuderu, Pamidi, and
151
Peeda Vadugur in the center. These mandals are maimly treeless and have
poor red soils. The third part has high level land that covers penukonda,
Roddam, Somandepalli, Hindupur, Lepakshi, Chilamathur, Madakasira,
Rolla, Gudibanda and Agali. This division has average sandy red soils of
normal
productivity.
Hence
the
soils
in Anantapur
district
are
predominantly red. But the mandals namely Kanekal, Bommanahal,
Vidapanakal,
Urvakonda,
Vajrakarur,
Guntakal,
Gooty,
Pamidi,
Peddapappur and Putlur have red and black soils almost in equal
proportion. So as high as 76 per cent of the total soil is red and the rest is
black.
Land use pattern
The land use pattern in Anantapur district is presented in table 4.5.
Table 4.5.
Land Utilization Pattern - 2005 - 2006
_________________________ ________________ (Area in hectares)
Percent to
Anantapur
Geographical
Category
District
Area
Forests
196797
10.28
Barren & uncultivable
175344
9.16
land
Land put to non113492
5.93
Agricultural uses
Cultivable waste
50276
2.63
Permanent pastures and
20356
1.06
other grazing lands
Land under
miscellaneous tree crops
18060
0.94
& groves not included in
net area sown
136973
7.16
Current fallows
5.15
Other fallow lands
98534
57.68
1103659
Net area sown
1913491
100.00
Total geographical area
Source: Handbook of Statistics, O/o Chief Planning Officer, Anantapur.
152
The above table 4.5 shows that the total geographical area of the
district is 19,13,491 sq. ha. of which the percentage of total cropped area
in 2005-06 was 61.10. The net area shown accounts for 57.67 percent
while the percentage of cultivable waste is only 2.6. An area of 175344
hectares is not available for cultivation.
About
12.31
parcent of
geographical area is under current and other fallow lands. The land put to
non-agricultural use is 1,13,492 hectares (5.93 per cent). It is clear that
the area under forests is around 10 per cent in all years. Area shown more
than once is very small in size (3.69 per cent) especially in 2002-03. This
reflects the fact that there is scarcity of water for irrigation in rabi and
summer seasons. It is also observed that the area under tree crops and
groves is declining from year to year.
Water Resources
The availability of water is also an important factor for not only
agriculture but also for industries. Many of the mineral based, agro based,
chemical based, leather based industries require water in adequate
quantities. These industries would survive only when good water sources
are available.
The important river in the district is Pennar which has its origin in
the Nandi Hills of Karnataka State where it is called “UTTARA PINAKINI”
and enters this district in the extreme south of Hindupur mandal and
flows
through
Beluguppa,
Parigi,
Roddam,
Uravakonda,
Ramagiri,
Vairakarur,
Kambadur,
Pamidi,
Kalyandaurg,
Peddavadugur,
Pedda
pappur, and Tadipatri mandals and finally enters Kadapa district.
Jayamangala is another river which has its origin in Karnataka state and
enters
the
district
in
Parigi
mandal
and joins
Pennar River at
Sangameswaram Palli of Parigi mandal.
The other significant river in the district “Chitravathi”, with its
origin in Karnataka State, enters the district near kodikonda village of
Chilamathru
mandal
and
flows
153
through
Gorontla,
Puttaparthi,
Bathulapalli, Tadipathri and yellanur mandals and joins pennar river at
Gandikota in Kadapa district. Vedavthi or Hagari river, with its origin in
Karnataka
state,
flows
through
Gummagatta,
Brahmasamudram,
Beluguppa, Kanekal and D.Hirhal mandals and enters Bellary district of
Karnataka state. Bhairavanithippa project was constructed on this river.
Apart of from these rivers, some streams like Kushavathi in
Chilamathur mandal, Swarnamukhi in Agali mandal, maddileru in
Nallamada, Kadiri and Mudigubba mandals, Pandameru in Kanaganipalli,
Raptadu, Anantapur, B.K. Samudram and Singanamala mandals, papagni
in Tanakal mandal are the important sources of water for various large
and medium irrigation tanks in the district.
Agriculture
There are significant variations in the yields of important crops. For
instance the yield of groundnut varied from 3.03 quintal in 2003-04 to
4.36 quintal in 2004-05. In the case of Bengal Gram the yield varied from
2.26 quintal in 2004-05 to 9.81 quintals in 2005-06 while the yield of
paddy ranged from 22.31 quintals in 2003-04 to 26.08 quintal in 2004OS. It is observed that these yields are low compared to those of Andhra
Pradesh and India.
Area under principal crops and yields in Anantapur district is
presented in table 4.6. As shown in Table 4.6. Groundnut, Sunflower,
Bengal gram, Rice, Redgram and Jowar are the important crops of the
district. But the chief crop is groundnut as is being grown on large tracts
of agricultural land. In total cropped area the proportion of the area under
groundnut was estimated at 76.90 per cent in 2004-05. The area under
groundnut is large because almost all farmers grow groundnut in Kharif
season with the help of rains. But few farmers grow groundnut in irrigated
areas. The second important crop is sunflower. But the area under this
crop has shown a declining trend from 75 thousand hectares in 2003-04
to 49 thousand hectares in 2005-06. Bengal gram is the third important
154
Table 4.6.
Area under Principal Crops and Yields 2005-06
(Area in 000' Ha.)
Crop
Rice
Jowar
Ragi
Maize
Bengal gram
Red gram
Ground nut
Sunflower
Food grains
Gross Area Sown
Area
48
17
02
08
49
35
899
49
205
1169
Percent to
GAS
4.11
1.45
0.17
0.68
4.19
4.19
76.90
4.19
17.54
100.00
Yield
(Kgs/Ha.)
2608
830
1854
4363
981
677
436
173
-
-
Source: Hand book of statistics, O/ o Chief Manning Officer, Anantapur
crop followed by paddy, Redgram, Jowar etc. In absolute terms the area
under paddy increased from 28 thousand hectares in 2003-04 to 48
thousand hectares in 2004-05. But in percentage terms the area under
paddy in 2004-05 was only 4.11. The above facts reveal that the farmers
are forced to change the cropping pattern according to the circumstances.
Live stock
The livestock populations are presented in table 4.7
155
Table 4.7.
Live - Stock Population
No. of Animals
Category of Live Stock
Cattle
Buffaloes
Sheep
Goats
Horses 8s Ponies
Donkeys
Pigs
Others
Total Live stock
Poultry
1993
2003
630721
(29.28)
266373
(12.37)
870796
(40.42)
275106
(12.77)
634
(0.03)
14762
(0.69)
21829
(1.01)
73989
(3.43)
695384
(18.67)
410604
(11.03)
905972
(51.18)
503275
(13.51)
1357
(0.04)
14917
(0.40)
38692
(1-04)
153907
(4.13)
2154210
3724108
(100.00)
(100.00)
942018
1853858
Source: Hand book of statistics, O/o Chief Planning Officer, Anantapur.
Note: Figures in brackets are percentages to total.
Table 4.7 shows that the live stock census of 2003, the total
livestock population in the district is 372.41 lakh. In 2003 the population
of cattle and buffaloes is estimated to be 6.95 lakh (37.51 per cent) and
4.11 lakh (22.15 per cent) respectively. The population of sheep and goat
aggregated to 9.06 and 5.03 lakh respectively. The poultry population in
the district is 18.53 lakh and that of pig is 0.39 lakh. The growth in the
livestock is low. This is attributed to continuous droughts experienced by
the district and resultant disposal of animals at a throw away prices.
156
Forest Resources
The forests in the district are thin and scanty. The Muchukota hills
extend about 35 kms. in length, run from north of Gooty town up to
extreme southern corner of Tadipatri and Yadiki Mandals. Another line of
hills starts from west of Gotty mandal and run 80 kms. known as
Nagasamudram hills. The Mallappakonda Range, which starts in the
south of Dharmavaram through Penukonda and Hindupur, proceeds to
Karnataka State. In Madakasira, the hills devide Rolla and Agali Mamdal
into Southern Northern portions.
The district is very poor in forest wealth both in terms of area and
richness of fauna and flora. The forest area is 4.86 lakh acres which
accounts for 10.3 per cent of the geographical area of the district. This is
very low compared to the optimal area of 33 percent indicated in the
National Forest Policy. The value of forest products such as beedi leaves,
custard apple, tamarind and soapnut is meager. Another produce is Agave
(sisil) from which fiber is being extracted.
Mineral Resources
Anantapur district is well known for its mineral resources,
especially, for its gold and diamond deposits. This is one of the two gold
bearing districts in Andhra Pradesh. The other important minerals
available in the district are lime stone, dolomite, asbestos, barites, iron
ore, corundum, steatite, white clay, white shale, serpentine, green quartz,
and building stones. Black, Pink and multi coloured granites are available
in the district which are used in the cutting and polishing industry.
Gold
At Ramagiri village in Ramagiri Mandal, Gold is found to occur in
the Cholite Schist’s and physlite along with western part of Dharwar
Schist’s Belt in the district. The place extends over a length of 14 kms.
Exploratory mining in the area is pruned about 467 meters of Ore Schoots
157
with of 100 cms tonne. Bharat Gold mines limited is conducting mining
operations.
Diamonds
Diamonds are known to be available near Vajrakarur. They mainly
occur in pipe rocks.
Asbestos
Baartyes (Chiysolite variety cross fiber type) of high grade lime
stones, iron ore and steatites are the minerals available in the district.
There are, however, no large sized minerals occurring in the district. There
are 2 cement factories in Tadiparti mandal one in the Public Sector and
the other in private sector. The construction work of L&T factory is
completed and started production.
Roads
Roads play a vital and dominant role in providing transportation
facilities for men and material in the district. This is because road
transport is faster and cheaper and has got a wider net work to reach the
remote comers of the district. Hence, the availability of good road network
would definitely attract industries to come forward and set up enterprises.
The National highway No.7 runs through the district with a total length of
160 kms. Anantapur district has got 10,637 kms length of roads in the
district. Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation provides
commuting facilities in the district for the movement of goods. The district
covers cement black tapping roads, metallic, non-metallic roads.
Railways
Railways are one of the important constitutes of transportation in
the district. Anantapur district is well connected by railway stations. The
district is linked with Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore and Hyderabad
by the railways. Guntakal is one of the biggest railway junctions in the
country. This district has got 527 kms railway line. Out of these Guntakal,
Dharmavaram and
Gooty are major station in the district. These well
158
connected railway lines are helping, in a great way, the people of the
district by transportation of men and material from one place to other
place. The railway lines are also facilitating the villagers for transportation
from one place to other place where there is no road linkup. Railway
transport will be the cheaper one, thus it also helpful for economic growth
of the industries.
Communication
Availability of good communication facilities are very important for
industry, more so, in the present rapid improvement of fast and efficient
communication facilities like telephones, telegraphs and postal service.
There are 945 post offices, 6 telegraph offices and 155 telephone
exchanges in this district. Number of cities in the country are connected
through the STD facilities. Anantapur town is provided with a TV relay
station with 75 kms. radious of operation and TV relay stations are at
Hindupur and Guntakal and FM radio station is situated at Anantapur.
The district has also an Airport at Puttaparthi which was inaugurated in
1991. The communication facilities are rapidly gaining importance due to
the technological innovative gadgets like Fax, Telex etc., The Tele
communication sector is making rapid strides allows the world when the
concept of global village is becoming reality with the extensive use of the
satellite communication for a more efficient, fast and clear transmission of
massages. This has become a very important and vital aspect for better
communication for the industry. The other factor, which is making this
sector very popular, is apart from being fast, it is also becoming cheep and
affordable even for the small entrepreneur saving him lot of time.
Power
The domestic and industrial power requirements of the district are
drawn from Thungabadra Hydel Project at Hospet. Integrated power grid
is established at Gooty connecting Nagarjunasagar, Kothagudem and
Thungbadra. The district is provided with 92 electrical sub-stations with
159
25057.92 kms length transmission lines as on 31-3-2006. All the revenue
villages in the district have been electrified and some hamlets are yet to
receive the electricity.
Power shortage has been constraining factor in
improving agriculture productivity and also industrial development in the
district.
Industrial growth and development in Anantapur District
The establishment of industrial units by the Government of Andhra
Pradesh was started during the First Five Year Plan and as a part of this
programme the Andhra Co-operative Spinning Mills was established in
Guntakal in 1954. However, the industrial development of the district is
not encouraging for a variety of reasons like the peculiar socio-economic
and physical features and the foggy industrial climate of the district.
Though a textile industry was functioning at Rayadurg since 1942,
the establishment of the Andhra Co-operative Cotton Mills at Guntakal in
1954 initiated the growth of industrial units in the Anantapur district.
However, for another decade no important industry was started in the
district. Again two textile industrial units - Super Spinning Mills,
Kerekera, near Hindupur and the Anantapur Cotton Mills, Yerraguntapalli
near Tadpatri - were started in 1964 and 1968 respectively. Thus, the
textile industry assumed prominence in Anantapur district until 1970 and
later other types of industries were also established.
Large and Medium Scale Industries
Industrial units with investment in plant and machinery of more
than Rs. 5.00 crore and upto 10.00 crore are referred to as large and
medium industries. The value of production, investment and employment
of large and medium scale industries in Anantapur district during 200506 are presented in table 4.8.
160
Table 4.8.
Particulars of Capital Investment, Value of Production and
Employment from Large and Medium Scale Industries in Anantapur
Capital
Investment
(Rs. In
Lakhs)
Value of
Production
(Rs. In)
Lakhs)
Employment
( in Persons)
Sl.No
Name of the industry
Installed
capacity
1
2
3
4
5
Male
6
Female
7
1
M/s. Shanti Castings Ltd.,
Indl.Dev .Area Thumukunta,
Hindupur (M)
22000 TPA
150
2180.7
180
20
2
M/s. Monarch Pipes (P)Ltd.,
Hampapuram Village,
Raptahadu (M)
6000 mts of
pips 300 Mts of
fittings, 300
mts of profiles
210
2041.92
81
10
3
M/s. Super Spinning Mills
Ltd., Kirikera, Hindupur (M)
50548 Spindles
1047
10813.7
800
333
4
M/s Precot Cotton spinning
Mills Ltd., Kodigenahalli,
Hindupur (M)
33800 Spindles
1244
4775.53
550
211
5
M/s. Super Spinning Mills
Ltd., B-Unit Kotnur,
Hindupur (M)
32640 Spindles
1971
7277.79
820
328
6
M/s.RPGT Yam Proceesing
Unit Kotnur, Hindupur (M)
1500 Mts PA
121
95.64
170
12
7
M/s. Dhanunjaya Plastics
I.D.A. Thumukunta,
Hindupur (M)
1750 TPA
548
3922.29
28
4
8
M/s Prime Granites, I.D.A.
Thumukunta, Hindupur
10000 Sq.mts
140
636.09
63
2
9
M/s.M.G.Metallic Springs,
Bellary Road, Anantapur
350 TPA
63
1272.19
53
8
10
Ushodaya enterprises Ltd.,
Bangalore Road, Anantapur
1200000 Nos
198
2496.64
72
15
11
M/s.Sapthagiri Camphor
Ltd., B.Kothapalli (V)
B.K.Samudram (M)
2000 T
735
2883.9
110
21
12
M/s.Sathavahana Ispat Ltd.,
Haresamudram (V)
Bommanahal (M)
12000 TPA
545
4826.01
200
15
161
13
M/s Penna Cements Ltd.,
Talari Cheruvu(V), Tadipatri
300000 MTS
35200
10022.44
330
25
21.52 MTS
507
1484.84
275
26
2000000 MTs
1900000 MTs
661
2467.00
250
20
30000 TPA
800
1104.00
37
3
30000 TPA
1096
2954.00
20
100
4039
1153
JM1__________________
14
M/s.Wipro Fluid Power Ltd.,
IDA, Thumukunta(V)
Hindupur (M)
15
M/s.Larson and Toubro
Ltd., Bhogasamudram (V),
Tadipatri (M)
16
17
M/s. Sai Sindhu Sponge
Iron (P) Ltd.,
Bhogasamudram (v),
Tadipatri (M)
M/s. SJK Steel Corporation
Ltd., Jambulapadu(v),
Tadipatri (M)
Total
45236
61254.68
Source: District Industries Centre, General Manager, Anantapur District.
The table 4.8 shows that the large and medium scale industries in
Anantapur district are prominent, there are Shanti castings Ltd., in
Thumukunta, Hindhupuram mandal with an investment of Rs. 150 lakhs
and with 200 employees. There is Monarch Pipes (p) Ltd in Raptahadeen
with Investment of Rs.210 lakhs and with 91 employees. There is Super
Spinning mills Ltd., in Hindupur in Anantapur district with an investment
of Rs. 10.47 lakhs and with 1133 employees. There is Precot Cotton
spinning mills Pvt.Ltd. in Hindupur in Anantapur district with an
investment of Rs. 1244 lakhs and with 761 employees. There is Super
Spinning mills Pvt.Ltd. in Hindupur in Anantapur district with an
investment of 1971 lakhs and with 1148 employees. There is RPGT yarn
processing unit (p) Ltd. in Hindupur in Anantapur district with an
investment of Rs.121 lakhs and with 182 employees. There is Dhenunjaya
Plastics Hindupur in Anantapur district with an investment of Rs. 548
lakhs and with 32 employees, there is Prime granites Pvt.Ltd. in Hindupur
with an investment of Rs. 140 lakhs and with 65 employees. There is MG
Metallic springs Ltd, in Anantapur with an investment of Rs.63 lakhs and
with 61 employees. There is Ushodaya enterprises at Anantapur with an
162
investment of Rs. 198 lakhs and with 87 employees. There is Sapthagiri
copper Ltd at B.K.Samudram in Anantapur district with an investment of
Rs.735 with 131 employees. There is Sathavahana ispat Ltd., at
Bommanhal in Anantapur district with an investment of Rs. 545, with 215
employees. There is Penna cements Ltd., at Tadpatri in Anantapur district
with an investment of Rs. 35200 lakhs and with 355 employees. There is
Wipro Fluid power Ltd Hindupur in Anantapur district with an investment
of Rs.507 lakhs and with 301 employees. There is Ultratech Cement
Pvt.Ltd in Anantapur district with an investment of Rs.661 lakhs and with
270 employees. There is sai sindhu sponge iron Ltd. At Tadpatri in
Anantapur district with an investment of Rs.800 lakhs and with 40
employees. SJK Steel Corporation Pvt.Ltd., at Tadpatri in Anantapur
district with an investment of 1096 lakhs and with 120 employees.
In all, there are 51 large and medium scale industries functioning in
Anantapur district in 2005-06. The capital investment in large and
medium scale industries Rs. 45236 lakhs and the value of production is
Rs. 61254.68 lakhs. Per unit capital investment Rs. 886.98 lakhs and the
value of production Rs. 1201.07 lakhs in large and medium scale
industries in Anantapur district.
The employment provided by large and medium scale industries
varied from category to category. A total of 5192 persons were employed in
large and medium scale industries in Anantapur district at an average of
101.80 persons per unit in 2005-06.
Small, Tiny and Village Industries
Anantapur is one of the industrially backward districts of the state.
A major part of the district is industrially backward. The Government of
Andhra Pradesh has been encouraging the small industrial units and
programme were implemented for the development of these industries
during the Fourth and Fifth Five Year Plan. Loans also were provided by
the Commercial Banks for the development of small industrial units. In
163
1978 there were 543 small industrial units in Anantapur district
established with the capital investment of Rs. 532 lakhs providing
employment to 5,973 persons. The growth of small industries is
encouraging in the district and in 1985 there were 3,156 small industries.
After, there are continually, number of small industrial units are
established in Anantapur district.
Industries with investment in plant and machinery of more than Rs.
25.00 lakh but up to Rs. 1.00 crore are treated as small industrial units.
Under Tiny sector, the investment limit in plant and machinery is up to
Rs. 25.00 lakh. The details of units, investment and employment provided
by small industrial units of different category are presented in Table 4.9.
Table 4.9.
Total registered-Category Wise Small Industrial Units in Anantapur
District at the end of March 2 006
Investment
Employment
SL.
Category
Units
(Rs in
NO
Male
Female
lakhs)
1
2
3
4
5
6
1 Food 8s Agro
2731
1314.68
7070
3659
2 Textile
1878
1489.19
5713
2241
850
400
215
38
42
1061
85
95
4000
200
175
500
700
12970
1144.29
873.58
606.72
673.8
455.44 •
1146.58
107.12
31.9
120.83
37.07
18.55
40448.34
30.62
48498.71
1564
575
1656
156
155
6883
190
570
9296
1058
175
1170
2358
38589
690
220
240
20
70
2288
170
84
1430
345
200
70
695
12422
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Wooden
Paper Products
Chemical
Rubber
Plastic
Minerals
Building Materials
Leather 8s Foot wear
Engineering
Electrical
Electronics
Printing
Miscellaneous
Total
Source: District Industries Centre, General Manager, Anantapur.
164
As per the table 4.9 shows that the end of March 2006, there are
12970 small industrial units (including tiny industries) set up in the
district by the end of March 2006, which are permanently registered with
the District Industries Centre. These industries have a capital investment
of Rs. 48498.71 crore, and provide employment to 51011 persons (male
and female) 2.
A few of the products manufactured by these units are granite stone
cutting and Polishing. Agricultural implements, irrigation sets, rice mills,
fruit processing, general engineering works, etc., offer good scope for
promotion in the small and tiny sector.
Major artisan traders concentrated in different parts of the district
are as follows:
pottery, leather tanning,
powerlooms, woodenweare
handlooms, bullock cart making, bamboo products and carpentry.
Single window clearance for getting approvals for setting up micro,
tiny and small industrial units is in operation in the district, under the
coordination of District Industries Centre (DIC), Anantapur district. The
District Industries Centre was started at Anantapur district in 1978. The
centre aims at rapid industrialization of the district. The District
Industries Centre surveys the availability of resources and encourages the
entrepreneurs to start new industries. They supply raw materials, provide
loans and offer incentives for the development of industries in rural areas.
The state government has constituted a district industrial promotion
committee under the chairmanship the district collector, and under the
convenership of general manager, DIC. Entrepreneurs have to file common
application forms with DIC for getting the required approvals/clearances
from various organizations in the district, which are circulated to the
departments for their approval. The decisions taken by the committee
shall be binding on the concerned agencies. DIC coordinates the activities
of the selected departments for the benefit of entrepreneurs in Small and
Village Industrial Sectors.
165
A number of institutions at the state level conduct entrepreneurship
development programmes in the district for motivating and encouraging
first generation entrepreneurs, particularly those coming from weaker
sections/educated unemployed youth to enable them to take up small
industries and other self employment ventures.
Industrial Park
The details of Industrial Parks are presented in table 4.10.
Table 4.10.
Industrial Park Promoted by Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure
Corporation in Anantapur District.
(End of March
2006)
S.No
Industrial
Park
No. of
Plots
Developed
1
I.P: Anantapur
74
2
I.P: Guntakal
70
3
I.P: Kadiri
4
5
No. of
Sheds
Constructed
No. of
allotted
Wots
No. of
Allotted
sheds
No. of
Vacant
Plots
No. of
Vacant
Sheds
74
0
0
0
10
69
9
1
1
71
8
71
8
0
0
I.P: Tadipatri
13
8
13
8
0
0
I.P: Gooty
75
6
29
1
46
5
303
32
256
26
47
6
Total:
0
Source: Report of the Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation
Limited., Sub-Zonal Office, Industrial Estate, Bellary Road, Anantapur.
From the table 4.10, it can be observed there are five Industrial
Parks located in the Anantapur district, to cater to the needs of
entrepreneurs. The total land acquired for the establishment of Industrial
Parks was Rs. 226.72 acres. The total number of plots developed in the
Industrial Parks was 303 and the total number of sheds constructed was
32. As far as 47 plots and 6 sheds were vacant for allotment3.
166
Financial Institutions/Banks
The district has 123 commercial bank branches, 81 regional rural
bank branches and 19 co-operative bank branches to provide financial
assistance to prospective entrepreneurs for setting up of industries. Apart
from these banks, there are two branches of Andhra Pradesh State
Financial Corporation (APSFC) located at Anantapur. The Small Industrial
Development Bank of India (SIDBI) located in Hyderabad also provides
loans for industries in Anantapur district, generally through refinance in a
few contexts with direct finance and Syndicate Bank is one of the lead
bank of Anantapur district.
Special Programme in the district
The Central Government was started Employment Generation
Programme for the rural poor peoples. Government of Andhra Pradesh has
recently identified in the district for implementation of Employment
Generation Programme for the rural poor, popularly it known as National
Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS). This special programme
is in operation in the district. It is in operation in total 63 mandals of the
district to reach the unreached families so far. The programme will be
implemented in the district from February 2006.
The
total
2,09,902
households
are
completed
100
days
of
employment in the district. The expenditure is 7914.03 lakhs for 32,030
completed works
out of 35,987 works. The employment of 79,27,375
person days was generated from 2.09 lakhs households as an end march
2007. The important types of works are Water Conservation, Drought
Proofing and Plantation, Flood Control, Rural Connectivity and Other
works. The other works include Irrigation Canals including Micro and
Minor irrigation works, desiliting of tanks, land development works and
etc. The works of drought proofing and plantation, flood control and rural
connectivity and other works are in progress. So the employment
167
generation among social groups is an important aspect to highlight the
programme in this district4.
Entrepreneurship Development Programmes
Beginning with psychological refreezing and achievement motivation
techniques knowledge is imparted to participants on the scope and
potential of different items, which can be manufactured in a small
industry, its technical feasibility, economic viability and commercial
prospects as a self employment venture. Efforts are directed not only to
inform but to enable them to determine and identify all these themselves.
Thus they are lead towards an entrepreneurial decision of product
browsing and identification. The critical areas of product/process design,
manufacturing practices, testing, quality control/assurance, appropriate
machinery
and
equipment,
avenues/techniques,
project
product/services
profile
pricing,
preparation,
export
marketing
opportunities,
infrastructural facilities, finance and financial institutions, cash flow,
Industrial Policy etc. are also dealt with by specialists experts. This is
supplemented by visits to small industrial units and hand on practices on
machineiy/process. This enables them to prepare their own project report
for which they are helped. Project reports, are duly appraised, evaluated
and corrected in consultation with the experts.
These programmes having duration of 4 to 6 week are being
organized as a regular feature to cultivate the latent traits and capabilities
of the youth by enlightening them on various aspects that are necessary
and useful for setting up and managing small scale industries. This
programme started in 1970. These programmes are conducted through
Small Industries and Scurvies Institute (SISI) at Hyderabad.
Small Enterprises Training Institutes
National Institute For Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises
(NIMSME), Hyderabad, Formally it known as National Institute of Small
Industry Extension Training (NISIET).
168
The National Institute of Small Industry Extension Training
(NISIET),
an
autonomous
Society
at
Hyderabad
is
under
the
administrative control of Office of the Development Commissioner (SSI),
Ministry of Small Scale Industries and Agro & Rural Industries. The
Institute is conducting National and International Training Programmes.
About 45 National Programmes and 15 International Training Programmes
are conducted every year5.
District Industries Centre
In the industrial policy statement in parliament in December, 1977
the main thrust of new industrial policy envisaged was on effective
promotion of cottage and small industries widely dispersed in rural areas
and small towns. The focal point of development of small and cottage
industries was to be taken away from big cities and state capitals to the
district headquarter towns. Each district was to have an agency to deal
with all the requirements of small and village industries.
All the services and support required by small entrepreneurs were to
be provided under the single roof of this agency. The schemes were also to
be drawn up for making available margin money assistance to tiny units
within investment on machinery and requirements up to Rs. 1.00 lakh
and situated in towns with population of less than 50,000 according to
1971 census.
District industries centres were set up in 1978 to implement this
policy government decided to set up these centres in every district of the
country under a phased programme. The basic objective of district
industries centre programme was to provide all these services and support
required by village and small entrepreneurs under a single roof. They were
to undertake economic investigation of the potential for the development
district including its raw material and other resources, supply of
machinery
and
equipment,
provision
entrepreneurial training.
169
of
effective
extension
and
The district industries centres were also to be an operational
mechanism for according sanction and other facilities for setting up
industries in the rural areas and ensuring their continued viable operation
by developing close linkages with the rural development blocks on the one
hand and with the specialized and development institutions on the other.
The institutions like Khadi and Village Industrial Corporation
(KVIC), Directorate of Handloom Industries, and Directorate of Handicrafts
Industries which are involved in grass root activities, wherever hole
programmes are functioning or have an identifiable potential will work
through the District Industries Centres and integrate their activities with
their set up. However, several changes and modifications we effected in
the structure and functioning of district industries centres, particularly
through the subsequent industrial policy statements over time.
Sericulture
Sericulture is an Agro-based cottage industry and it provides gainful
employment not only to the farming community but also reelers, twisters
and weavers through out of the year. About 3.00 lakh people are
depending on Sericulture directly or indirectly in Anantapur district.
Sericulture in Anantapur district occupies top position in the state with
an extent of 19,508 acres. The climatic conditions are better suited for
sericulture development in the district mainly in the border areas of
Karnataka State. This district occupied first place in Sericulture
Development.
Sericulture
is
implementing
under
Catalytic
Development
Programme jointly implemented with State and Central Government
sanctioned assistance Rs. 4,71,620 per unit ( in total various schemes).
Subsidy over Rs. 2,45,200 given under Catalytic Development Programme.
The Government has sanctioned the total amount to farm sector Rs.
2473.529 lakhs and non-farm sector Rs. 261.85 lakhs respectively, for the
development of Sericulture industry in Anantapur district. In this sectors
170
the total expenditure was incurred Rs. 2102.49 lakhs and Rs. 164.38
lakhs as on ending march 2006 in this district6.
Mulberry crop situated 37878 acres in 7 Divisions for the
development of sericulture industry in Anantapur district given table: 4.11
and 4.12.
S.No
Table 4.11.
Situated the Mulberry Crop in Anantapur district
Division
Mulberry Crop Acres
1
Penugonda
4322
2
Dharmavaram
4564
3
Madakasira
7325
4
Hindupur
9522
5
Kadiri
7196
6
Anantapur
1577
7
KalyanDurg
3372
Total
37878
Source: Report of the Sericulture Deportment, Anantapur.
All over the district over 1,50,000 looms are situated in different
Mandals in the district. This is the main and major industry, which
creates employment in this district. Out of 1,50,000 looms working under
co-operative societies. There are 3,00,000 people were living by the hand
looms industry in this district. There are two textile parks sanctioned in
the district, one is at Rayadurg and another one is at Pamidi. In 2005-06,
a total Rs. 303.00 lakhs were invested to the Rayadurg Textile Park and
Rs. 75.00 laks was invested to the Pamidi textile park in this district. In
the same two Textile Parks 21,000 and 8,000 peoples was generated of
employment directly and indirectly in this district7.
171
Table 4.12.
Sericulture Centre in Anantapur district
Description
Areas covered
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cocoon
Productions
Units
Mulberry Plantations
Seed Forms
Hindupur, Kadir, Makakasira, Ananapur,
Penugonds, Dharamavaram.
Parigi, Kappla Banda, Kadiri.
Kalyndurg.
Penugonda,
Rayadurg,
kambadur,
Rachapalli, Hindupur, Anantapur, Kunutur.
Kadiri, Dharmaaram, Hindupur.
Govt. Cocoon Market
Sericulture
training Hindupur.
Institute
Basic seed form
Tadakalapalli.
A.P.
Sericulture Hindupur.
development centre
Technical Service units
Penugonda,
Somandepalli,
Roddam,
Bathalapalli, C.K. Palli, Kothacheruvu,
B.k.Patanam, Madakasira, Amarapuram,
Rolla, Kalyandurgam, Kambadur, Hindupur,
Parigi, Chilmattur, Gorantla, Lepakshim,
Tanakallu,
Kadiri,
O.D.
Kodikonds,
Anantapur,
Kundurphy,
Nallamada,
Talupula.
Source: Report of the Sericulture Deportment, Anantapur.
Conclusion
Anantapur is one of the sixth drought prone district of the country
identified by the World Bank. The district was formed in the year 1882
separating from Bellary district. For administrative purpose the district
has been divided in to 3 Revenue Divisions Consisting of 63 Revenue
Mandals of which 20 Mandals are in Anantapur Division, 17 in
Dharmavaram Division and 26 in Penukonda division.
The population of Anantapur district increased from 10,25,322 in
1901 to 36,40,478 in 2001. The increase, thus registered by 370.14
percent. The Population of the district during 100 years from 1901 to
2001 has fairly increased except during the decade that ended with 1921.
The reason for low population was due to great epidemic. The growth rate
has increased from decade to decade because of improved medical
172
facilities and better living conditions. The growth rate of population of
Anantapur district is recorded at 2.34 per cent which is higher compared
/
to that of Rayalaseema region i.e. 12.12 percent. In Anantapur district, the
density population increased from 54 in 1901 to 190 in 2001.
The data reveals that the total population of the district workers
account for 48.83 per cent and non-workers for 51.17 per cent indicating
high dependency ratio. Most of the total workers are main workers
constituting 82.77 per cent and the remaining (17.23 per cent) are
marginal workers. Of the total main workers cultivators and agricultural
labourers account for 33.17 per cent and 31.42 percent respectively. That
means nearly 65 per cent of the main workers are engaged in agriculture
sector.
The total geographical area of the district is 19,13,491 sq. ha. of
which the percentage of total cropped area in 2005-06 was 61.10. The net
area shown accounts for 57.67 percent while the percentage of cultivable
waste is only 2.6. An area of 175344 hectares is not available for
cultivation. About 12.31 parcent of geographical area is under current and
other fallow lands. The land put to non-agricultural use is 1,13,492
hectares (5.93 per cent).
The establishment of industrial units by the Government of Andhra
Pradesh was started during the First Five Year Plan and as a part of this
programme the Andhra Co-operative Spinning Mills was established in
Guntakal in 1954. However, the industrial development of the district is
not encouraging for a variety of reasons like the peculiar socio-economic
and physical features and the foggy industrial climate of the district.
Though a textile industry was functioning at Rayadurg since 1942,
the establishment of the Andhra Co-operative Cotton Mills at Guntakal in
1954 initiated the growth of industrial units in the Anantapur district.
Again two textile industrial units - Super Spinning Mills, Kerekera, near
173
Hindupur and the Anantapur Cotton Mills, Yerraguntapalli near Tadpatri
- were started in 1964 and 1968 respectively.
The data reveals that, there are 51 large and medium scale
industries functioning in Anantapur district in 2005-06. The capital
investment in large and medium scale industries Rs. 45236 lakhs and the
value of production is Rs. 61254.68 lakhs. Per unit capital investment Rs.
886.98 lakhs and the value of production Rs. 1201.07 lakhs in large and
medium scale industries in Anantapur district.
The employment provided by large and medium scale industries
varied from category to category. A total of 5192 persons were employed in
large and medium scale industries in Anantapur district at an average of
101.80 persons per unit in 2005-06.
The data reveals that the end of March 2006, there are 12970 small
industrial units (including tiny industries) set up in the district by the end
of March 2006, which are permanently registered with the District
Industries Centre. These industries have a capital investment of Rs.
48498.71 crore, and provide employment to 51011 persons (male and
female).
The data reveals that the observed there are five Industrial Parks
located in the Anantapur district, to cater to the needs of entrepreneurs.
The total land acquired for the establishment of Industrial Parks was Rs.
226.72 acres. The total number of plots developed in the Industrial Parks
was 303 and the total number of sheds constructed was 32. As far as 47
plots and 6 sheds were vacant for allotment.
The data reveals that the all over the district over 1,50,000 looms
are situated in different Mandals in the district. This is the main and
major industry, which creates employment in this district. Out of 1,50,000
looms working under co-operative societies. There are 3,00,000 people
were living by the hand looms industry in this district. There are two
textile parks sanctioned in the district, one is at Rayadurg and another
174
one is at Pamidi. In 2005-06, a total Rs. 303.00 lakhs were invested to the
Rayadurg Textile Park and Rs. 75,00 laks was invested to the Pamidi
textile park in this district. In the same two Textile Parks 21,000 and
8,000 peoples was generated of employment directly and indirectly in this
district.
175
References:
1. Chief Planning Officer, Hand Book of Statistics, Anantapur district,
2005-2006.
2. General Manager, District Industries Centre, Anantapur, action plan,
2005- 2006.
3. Report of the Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation
Centre, Anantapur district, 2006-07.
4. Report of the DWMA Anantapur district, 2006-07.
5. www.smallindustrvindia.com
6. Report of the Sericulture Deportment, Anantapur district, 2005-06.
7. Report of the Handloom Industrial Deportment, Anantapur district,
2006- 07.
176