ANSWER KEY Ecology & Energy Exam Review Sheet (due on Monday, October 31st) Exam: Monday, October 31st 1.Define the term e
cology . Scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment 2.Define the following terms: ­Biotic Factor: living factor within an ecosystem ­Abiotic Factor: non­living factor within an ecosystem 3.In the list below, underline the biotic factors and put a star next to the abiotic factors. Oak Tree Climate* Temperature* Soil* Fungus Fox Precipitation* Humans Bacteria 4.Explain one example, in detail, of an interaction that occurs in an ecosystem between an abiotic and biotic factor. (You may choose any type of ecosystem/biome.) *Answers May Vary Examples: Precipitation falls, the soil absorbs the precipitation and plants use the moisture for photosynthesis. Humans intake Oxygen from the atmosphere to perform cellular respiration. 5. What are the “ultimate sources of energy” on Earth? Sun 6.What are the t wo terms that we use to refer to an organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food? Autotroph or Producer 7. Fill­In­the­Blank. The process in which light energy is captured and used to power chemical reactions that converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and carbohydrates (glucose) is called P
hotosynthesis . 8. What are the three main types of organisms that are considered autotrophs? Plants, Bacteria, Algae 9.Complete the table below displaying the three inputs and two outputs of the process of photosynthesis. Inputs 1.
Outputs Carbon Dioxide 1.
Oxygen 2. Water 2. G
lucose 3. Sunlight 10.Write the “formula/equation” for the process of photosynthesis. (Use words, not symbols.) Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light → O
xygen + G
lucose 11. In the formula/equation written for question number ten, underline the product of the process that is a “waste product” that is needed to start the process of cellular respiration and highlight the product that is the main goal of photosynthesis. 12.In what part of the plant cell does the overall process of photosynthesis occur? Chloroplast 13.What are the two stages of photosynthesis? Light Reaction & the Calvin Cycle 14.What are the t wo terms that we use to refer to an organism that must get their energy from outside sources (cannot make their own energy)? Heterotrophs & Consumers 15.Matching. In the chart below match up the consumer type in the left column with the correct description of the consumer in the right column. Consumer Type Description Carnivore 1 Eats only plants ­ 2 Herbivore 2 Feeds on matter that has been broken down or is decayed; feeds on detritus ­ 4 Omnivore 3 Eats only other animals ­ 1 Detritivore 4 Breaks down material into detritus ­ 5 Decomposer 5 Consumes Dead Animals ­ 6 Scavenger 6 Eats both plants & animals ­ 3 16.Complete the table below displaying the two inputs and three outputs of the process of cellular respiration. Inputs 1.
Outputs Oxygen 1.
Water 2. Glucose 2. Carbon Dioxide 3. ATP (Energy) 17. Write the “formula/equation” for the process of cellular respiraiton. (Use words, not symbols.) Oxygen + Glucose → W
ater + Carbon Dioxide +
A
TP 18. In the formula/equation written for question number nineteen, underline the products of the process that is a “waste product” that is needed to start the process of photosynthesis and bold the product that is the main goal of cellular respiration. 19.True or False. In the process of cellular respiration, the Glycolysis stage will occur whether oxygen is present or not. True 20.If oxygen is present, the stage that follows Glycolysis in cellular respiration is K
reb’s Cycle . The third stage of cellular respiration is E
lectron Transport Chain if oxygen is present. 21.How many total ATPs are created in the process of cellular respiration if oxygen is present? 36 22.If oxygen is not present, what occurs after the Glycolysis stage? What are the two different types? Fermentation Type 1: Alcoholic, Type 2: Lactic Acid 23. What products do the process of fermentation aide in making? (Both lactic acid and alcoholic) Bread, Wine, Beer, Cheese, Yogurt 24.Energy always flows in a one­way stream though an ecosystem. Fill in the blanks below to state how energy flows in ecosystems. Use the following terms: Heterotorphs, Sun, Autotrophs Sun > P
roducers >
C
onsumers 25. What type of organism is always found at the base of a food chain and food web? Plants (Producers/Autotrophs) 26. Why is a food web a more accurate representation of feeding relationships in an ecosystem than a food chain? Food Webs show all of the energy that is being transferred in an ecosystem; food chain only shows one direction of energy flow between one set of organisms 27.Answer the following questions for the food web displayed below. ­What organism is the autotroph? Plants ­Name one herbivore. Rabbits, Squirrels, Mice, Seed­Eating Bird, Herbivorous Insect ­Name one top consumer. Fox, Owl, Hawks, Snakes ­List one food chain that is found within the food web. Answers Will Vary Examples: Plants­Rabbit­Fox Plants­Mice­Hawk Plants­Herbivorous Insect­Spider­Insectivorous Bird­Snake 28.Describe the role of the following types of consumers in an ecosystem. Also, provide an example of an organism for each category. Organism Type Role in the Ecosystem Example Detritivore Organism that feeds on detritus (broken down material) Worms Decomposer Breaks down dead matter Bacteria, and returns nutrients to Fungus the soil 29. Each step in a food chain or a food web is referred to as a T
rophic level. 30. On average, what percentage of energy in one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level? 10% 31. True or False. The higher the trophic level that an organism occupies, the less energy that the organism receives. True 32.Fill in the missing numbers for the available amount of energy in the pyramid displayed below. (Remember, you may have to do some calculations.) Level Four: 4
.5 Calories Level Three: 4
5 C
alories Level Two: 4
50 Calories Level One: 4500 Calories Extended Response Questions Write at least t hree complete sentences to answer the questions below. 33. Can the process of cellular respiration occur without the process of photosynthesis? Why or why not? No; Cellular Respiration needs the products of photosynthesis to begin, Oxygen and Glucose. 34. What is one advantage and one disadvantage of being the “top consumer” of a food web or a food chain? One advantage is that there is no predator that will eat you for energy and one disadvantage is that the higher up you are on the food chain, the less energy that is available to you. 35. Why is only a small portion of the energy available in one trophic level passed onto organisms of the next trophic level? (Where does all of this energy go/what is it used for by the previous trophic level?) Organisms use their energy to perform every day life functions (growth/development/reproduction/respiration, etc.), therefore when an organism consumes another organism they are only receiving a small portion of the original available energy. Some energy is lost in the form of heat from organisms as well.