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Warm Up: Complete
Sentences
1. How would you define an unjust
government?
The French Revolution &
Napoleon (1789-1815)
Chapter 23
2. What is a revolution?
3. What, if any, would lead you to take
part in a violent revolution?
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The Old Regime-Three
Social Classes
First Privileged Class
1% of population
The Third Estate
Owned 10% of the
Loved & embraced
land
Enlightenment ideas
Clergy of the Roman
Bourgeoisie
Catholic Church
Rich
Against
businessmen
Enlightenment ideas
Workers
Second Privileged
Poorest members
Class
of society
2% of the population
Peasants
Owned 20% of the
80% of total
land
population
Rich nobles; paid
Paid 1/2 their
almost no taxes
wages in taxes
One Hopes This Will End Soon
Against
Enlightenment ideas
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Dawn of a Revolution
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The National Assembly
Third Estate had lack of
representation
Wanted a representative
government
Tennis Court Oath
Locked out of meeting room
& meet in a tennis court
Draw up a constitution and
gains members
Storming the Bastille
Rumors going to be
disbanded
July 14 Bastille Day
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Forces of Change
• Enlightenment Ideas
• Equality, liberty and democracy
• Economic Troubles
• Taxes, Cost of Living, Grain Shortages
• Debt
• American Revolution
• Lavish Lifestyles
• Weak Leader
• Louis XVI was unconcerned with politics
• “Madame Deficit” Marie Antoinette
• Estates-General (meeting of all three estates)
• 175 years
• Impose taxes on the rich
Dawn of a Revolution
Cont’d
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The Great Fear
Peasants become panicked
and attack
Broke into nobles homes
and destroyed feudal
papers
Women riot over bread
prices
Storm Palace of
Versailles
Demand the Louis XVI
and Marie Antoinette
return to Paris
King and servants left
Versailles
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Assembly Reforms France
Reform Achieved
Declaration of the Rights of Man
“Men are born and remain free
and equal in rights”
“Liberty, property, security, and
resistance to oppression
Equal justice, freedom of
speech, and freedom of religion
Olympe de Gouges-tried the
same, rejected, later enemy of
the Revolution and executed
State Controlled Church
Took over church lands
Declared church officials and
priest to be elected and paid as
state officials
Louis XVI Tries to Escape
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Division Develops
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By 1791 delegates of National
Assembly made significant changes
in France’s government and society
Limited Monarchy
Louis XVI stripped of much
authority
Legislative Assembly created
Factions split France
Food shortages and
government debt remained
Legislative Assembly splits into
three general groups
Radicals
Moderates
Conservatives
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Warm Up: Complete
Sentences
1. List at least four of the causes of the French
Revolution. (Bullet point)
2. Who are the Bourgeoisie?
3. What was the Tennis Court Oath?
4. What are Enlightenment ideas?
5. How did the Enlightenment ideas plant the
seeds of Revolution?
France is a Republic!
(For Now…)
• National
Convention
• Abolished
the
monarchy
• Declared
France
a republic
• Adult
males
could vote
War and Execution
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Other monarchs throughout Europe
panic
Fear other revolts would occur
Radicals want to spread ideas
Pressure France to reinstate Louis
XVI
France at War 1792
Prussian forces advance on Paris
Threatened to destroy if harm
came to royal family
Angry mob storm the palace,
massacred royal guards, and
imprisoned Louis, Marie, and
children
Peasants raided prisons and
murdered over 1000 prisoners
Priests and nobles also fell victim
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Discussion
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Peasants: Did you feel as though you were
treated unfairly?
Nobility: Did you have a feeling of
superiority?
Peasants: How did you feel about the
nobles and clergy, even your Queen?
Nobility: How did you feel about the
peasants, and your queen?
All: How do you think the real peasants,
clergy and nobility felt?
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Terror in France
Cont’d
Terror in France
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Robespierre Assumes Control
• Maximilien
Robespierre slowly
gains power in 1793
• “Republic
of Virtue”-wiping out
France’s past
• Governed as a dictator
• Enemies
tried morning-guillotine
afternoon
• Approximately 40,000 executed
• End of terror
• Robespierre
eventually tried
and executed
• Turned
to a new confident
leader
Jacobins Take Control
Members of a radical
political organization
that were involved in
the governmental
changes
Reduced Louis XVI to
a common citizen and
prisoner
Tried for treason
Guilty and
beheaded by the
guillotine
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Warm Up: Complete Sentences
Assignment
1. Name three of the major reforms that the
National Assembly introduced.
• Write a letter to King Louis XVI giving
him advice on how he might avoid such
a revolution in his country.
2. What would a study of revolutions reveal about
pre-Revolutionary governments?
3. What kind of monarchy did the National
Assembly put in place in 1791?
4. How did other monarchs in Europe respond to
what was going on in France?
Napoleon Seizes Power
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Napoleon Bonaporte
Born 1769 in Corsica
Attended military school
Revolution broke out and joined
the army of the new government
1795 Royalist rebels marched on
National Convention
Napoleon becomes a hero
1799-Returns from Egypt-friends
urged him to seize power
Quick action-national legislature
dissolved and in place three consuls
Napoleon-First Consul
Assumed power as dictator
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Napoleon Restores Order
Puts a stop to the war
Pretended to be a constitutional leader of
the French Republic
1800-People voted on new constitution,
Napoleon gets all the power
Old Regime rejected, but so are parts of
the Revolution
Established national bank system
Effective tax collection
Dismissed corrupt officials
Lycees-government run public schools
Recognized influence of the church, but
rejected control
Limited liberty, freedom of speech and of
press, & restored slavery in the French
colonies
Crowned himself emperor
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Warm Up: Short Answer
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1. Name three of the major reforms that the National
Assembly introduced.
Napoleon’s Empire
The Beginning
Loss of American territories
Civil war in Haiti
Slaves under the
leadership of Toussaint
L’Ouventure
1801 tried to regain control
1803-Cuts his losses
Sells the Louisiana
Territory to the US
Turns attention to Europe
Conquers most of western
Europe
Only lands left not under
his control; Britain,
Portugal, Sweden and the
Ottoman Empire
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2. What would a study of revolutions reveal about
pre-Revolutionary governments?
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3.What was the name of the radical political party
that took governmental control?
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4.Who ruled like a dictator, and wanted to cleanse
France of its past?
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Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
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The Continental System
1806-Blockade to prevent
trade and communication with
the rest of Europe
The Peninsular War
1808-Effort to Make Portugal
abide, Spain suffers
Britain aids Spain
Nationalism-loyalty to one’s own
country
Spreading throughout Europe
(especially against Napoleon)
Invasion of Russia
Scorched-earth policy
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Napoleon’s Downfall
All main powers of Europe are now
at War with France
Napoleon suffers defeat
Most of his armies died,
exhaustion, hunger, and cold
New army-untrained
Surrendered 1814
Exiled to small island off Italian
Peninsula
The Hundred Days-1815
Louis XVIII takes over
Feared by peasants
Napoleon escapes and returns
to France to regain power
Waterloo
Exiled again to a small island in
the South Atlantic
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Political Changes Beyond
Vienna
Metternich’s Plan for Europe
European governments were looking to
establish long lasting peace and stability
Congress of Vienna
5 “great powers”-Austria, Russia, Prussia,
Britain and France
Austrian Prince Klemens of Metternich most
influential of the representatives
The Plan
The containment of France
Kingdom of the Netherlands
German Confederation
Switzerland
Kingdom of Sardinia
Balance of power
Legitimacy
Agreeing that as many as possible rulers
would be restored to their throne
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5.What happened to this person?
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Conservative Europe
Britain and France-constitutional
monarchy
Russia, Prussia, and Austriaabsolute monarchs
Holy Alliance-Austria and
Prussia
Base their relations with other
nations on Christian principles
to combat forces of revolution
Despite trying to undo the
French Revolution, & its failure,
Europe has their first taste of a
democratic government
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Political Changes Beyond
Vienna Cont’d
• Long Term Legacy
• Influence politics for 100 years
• Diminished size and power of
France
• Britain and Prussia grow in
power
• Nationalism spreads through
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Germany, Italy, Greece and
other nations
New nations formed
People saw democracy as best
way to ensure equality and
justice
Warm Up: Complete
Sentences
1.Who was the radical French leader
responsible for executing as many as
40,000 French citizens during the Reign
of Terror?
2.What is the coup d’etat?
3.How did Napoleon seize power?
4.How did Napoleon restore order?
5.Why did Napoleon give up control of the
Western hemisphere?
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