Sorting It All Out
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS
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WHAT DO I NEED TO LEARN FROM THIS UNIT?
Classify organisms into the currently
recognized kingdoms according to
characteristics that they share.
Be familiar with organisms from each kingdom
2
WHAT IS DOES THE WORD CLASSIFICATION
MEAN?
To put things into orderly
groups based on similar
characteristics
3
ASK YOURSELF…
What
types of things do we
classify?
Why do we need to classify?
4
HOW DO SCIENTISTS CLASSIFY ORGANISMS?
TAXONOMY
The science of describing, classifying, and
naming living things
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LIVING ORGANISMS
NON LIVING ORGANISMS
Made of cells
Carries out basic life
activities
Move, grow, and
reproduce
Senses and reacts to
their environment
Not made of cells
Do not carry out life
activities
Do not move by
themselves
Do not develop and
reproduce
HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS LIVING?
6
WHO’S RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL THIS?
•
The system was created by a
Swedish scientist named Carolus
Linnaeus
•
Developed over 200 years ago
•
He gave each organism a two-word
Latin name (Binomial
Nomenclature)
Bi = two Nomial = name
•
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LINNEAUS’ SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Each species of a living thing is given a DOUBLE
NAME
First Name (Genus)
example: your first and last name
Tells which group of similar species the living thing
belongs to
Second Name (Species)
Tells the name of the one particular species in that
genus
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LINNEAUS’ SYSTEM OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Example:
o
Scientific Name for a dog
Canis familiaris
o
Scientific Name for a Timber Wolf
Canis lupus
o
Scientific Name for a Coyote
Canis latrans
o
Notice that the word Canis is used in all of these names. This
is the Latin word for DOG.
o
It is used as the genus name because these animals are all
dog-like animals
o
The second name, species, indicates the particular type of
dog
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LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
Every living thing is classified into categories
which start broad then become more specific.
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LEVELS OF CLASSIFICATION
•
As one goes from the
Kingdom to the Species
(DOWNWARD
DOWNWARD)…An
DOWNWARD
increase in the similarity
between organisms
occur
•
There are fewer
numbers of different
kinds of organisms
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KINGDOM
First level
Largest
Most general
Divided into 6 kingdoms – archaebateria,
eubacteria, protista, fungi, plantae, animalia
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PHYLUM
2nd level
Divides the kingdom
Phyla – plural of phylum
Each kingdom has multiple phyla
13
CLASS
3rd level
Divides the phyla
14
ORDER
4th level
Divides the class
15
FAMILIES
5th level
Divides the orders
16
GENUS
6th level
Divides the families
Genera – plural form
17
SPECIES
7th level
Divides the genera
Organisms at this level are closely related and
can mate to produce fertile offspring
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In other words…
Kingdom: The highest level
Phylum: A subdivision of a kingdom
Class: Each phylum is divided into classes
Order: Each class is divided into orders
Family: Each order is divided into families
Genus: Each family is divided into genera
Species: Lowest level (represents a single type of
organism)
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CLASSIFICATION OF A GRIZZLY BEAR
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DICHOTOMOUS KEY
Identification aid that uses sequential pairs of
descriptive statements to help identify an
organism
See example in Figure 5, pg. 168
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HOMEWORK
Write an original catch phrase for the categories of
classification so that each word in the phrase begins with
the letter of the category in their correct order from largest
to smallest
Example: Kids play cards on fat green stools
Phyllum
Kingdom
Order
Class
Species
Family
Genus
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SIX KINGDOMS
Originally living things were classified as either
plant or animal
As science progressed scientists discovered
organisms that did not fit into either category
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ARCHAEBACTERIA
Archae – means ancient in
Greek
Unicellular
Found in extreme
environments
Discovered in 1983
EUBACTERIA
Found in soil, water, human
body
Depending on type can help
or harm humans
Can be helpful – converts
milk to yogurt
Can be harmful – causes
pneumonia
Bacteria – small, prokaryote, unicellular organisms
SIX KINGDOMS
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PROTISTS
Called the “odds and ends”
kingdom because it contains
unicellular and simple
multicellular organisms that
are not bacteria, animals,
plants, or fungi
All eukaryotes
Protozoans – animal-like
protists
Algae – plantlike protists
FUNGI
Organisms that do not
perform photosynthesis or
eat food
Absorb nutrients from
substances in their
environment – decaying
substances
Most are multicellular
Mushrooms, mold, and
mildew
SIX KINGDOMS
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PLANTAE
Complex, multicellular
organisms
Eukaryotic organisms with cell
walls and make food through
photosynthesis
Autotrophs – make their own
food
Live on land and water where
light can penetrate
Supplies nutrients for most life
on Earth
Provide habitat for other
organisms
2nd largest kingdom
ANIMALIA
Complex, multicellular
organisms without cell walls
Usually able to move and have
specialized sense organs
Cannot make their own food
Largest of all the kingdoms
Heterotrophs – eat other
organisms
Found in diverse environments
around the world
SIX KINGDOMS
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HOMEWORK
1. List the 6 kingdoms
2. Give one example of an organism from each
of the 6 kingdoms
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