COMPLETE
NOTES
Bonding & Naming
Compounds
Ch. 6
REVIEW
of What You SHOULD
Already Know
2
7A
1A
2
8
1
Sodium
11
2
8
7
Chlorine
17
Na
Cl
22.990
35.453
Na
Cl
Na
+
Cl
_
3
7A
1A
2
8
1
X
Na
2
8
8
Sodium
11
Chlorine
17
Na
Cl
22.990
35.453
Cl
Na
+
Cl
_
NaCl = Sodium chloride (table salt)
___________________________________________________________________
4
NOW…
The NEW Stuff
5
Oxidation Numbers
2
8
1
+1
_________
-1
_________
1A
7A
Sodium
11
2
8
7
Chlorine
17
Na
Cl
22.990
35.453
OXIDATION NUMBERS
__________________________________
- + or – numbers above the eight main
electric charge
columns; show the _____________________________________
of elements in that
column
6
Positive Oxidation Numbers:
Nearly always a metal
1. _______________________________________________________________________
Electrons are LOST in a chemical reaction
2. _______________________________________________________________________
Number after the “ + “ sign tells how many electrons are LOST
3. _______________________________________________________________________
Negative Oxidation Numbers:
Nearly always a nonmetal
1. _______________________________________________________________________
Electrons are GAINED in a chemical reaction
2. _______________________________________________________________________
Number after the “ - “ sign tells how many electrons are GAINED
3. _______________________________________________________________________
7
Oxidation Numbers by Family / Column
+1
+2
+3
-3
-2
-1
0
______________________________________________________________________
8
POLYATOMIC ION (compound)
______________________________________
- composed of more than one atom, but
just like a single atom
behaves as a unit & carries a single charge ____________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Sulfate ion
Phosphate ion
Ammonium ion
Nitrate ion
(SO42-)
(PO43-)
(NH4+)
(NO3-)
9
Naming Polyatomic Ions
• most end in –ite or –ate
__________________________________________________
• both have the same electric charge
__________________________________________________
• those ending in –ate have one more nonmetal
__________________________________________________
than those that end in –ite
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
10
Polyatomic Ions with Hydrogen
Formulas for polyatomic ions starting with “H” have a hydrogen ion in the
__________________________________________________________________________
polyatomic ion
__________________________________________________________________________
Remember, polyatomic
_____________________
+ + CO 2H
HCO
3
3
ions have a charge and
_______________________________ _____________________
act just like a single
_____________________
element in a chemical
_____________________
reaction
_____________________
_____________________
11
What is this?
Hint: It’s NOT meatloaf…
Cinnabar
_________________________________
Mercury ( II ) sulfide
_________________________________
12
BINARY COMPOUND
_____________________________________
- a compound composed of two elements
Ca2+ + Br −
CaBr2
Calcium dibromide
______________________
KI
Potassium iodide: ________________________
Na3P
Sodium phosphide: _______________________
Fe2O3
Iron ( III ) oxide: __________________________
Iron is extracted from
hematite, which
contains iron(III) oxide.
13
Naming Binary Compounds
1. Place the cation name first ( usually a metal )
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Place the anion name second ( usually a nonmetal )
_________________________________________________________________________
Cesium oxide
Cs2O is called ____________________________________
Strontium fluoride
SrF2 _______________________________________
Aluminum sulfide
Al2S3 _______________________________________
Copper ( II ) oxide
CuO _______________________________________
SnO2 is used in
pottery glazes.
Tin ( IV ) oxide
SnO2 _______________________________________
14
Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
CaCO3
Calcium carbonate: __________________________
Lead ( II ) sulfate:
PbSO4
__________________________
(NH4)2S
Ammonium sulfide: __________________________
The shells of marine
animals are composed
of calcium carbonate.
15
Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
1. State the cation name first ( usually a metal )
__________________________________________________________________________
2. State the anion name second ( usually a nonmetal )
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Use Roman Numerals if necessary
__________________________________________________________________________
Sodium carbonate
Na2CO3 is called: ___________________________________
Pb(OH)2
Lead ( II ) hydroxide
______________________________________
Mg(NO3)2
Magnesium nitrate
______________________________________
KMNO3
Potassium permanganate
______________________________________
Sn3(PO4)2
Tin ( II ) phosphate
______________________________________
Sodium hypochlorite
(NaClO) can be used
to bleach whites.
16
BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUND - composed
___________________________________
of two nonmetals and are not ions
CO and CO2 cannot both be
named “carbon oxide.”
CO
Carbon monoxide
____________________________________
Carbon dioxide
CO2 ____________________________________
17
Use the table and the periodic table to name each of the molecular compounds…
Cl2O8
Dichlorine octoxide
_______________________________________
N2F2
Dinitrogen difluoride
_______________________________________
CCl4
Carbon tetrachloride
_______________________________________
P2O3
Diphosphorus trioxide
_______________________________________
S2F10
Disulfur decafluoride
_______________________________________
18
Formulas for Molecular Compounds
1. Use the prefixes in the name to tell you the subscript of each element in the formula.
2. Write the correct symbols for the two elements with appropriate subscripts.
Example: Tetraphosphorus trisulfide
__________________________________________________________________________
1. tetra = 4, tri = 3
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Phosphorus is P, sulfide is S
__________________________________________________________________________
P4S3
___________________________________
19
Using the criss-cross method for writing formulas:
1. Write the symbol of the metal (positive oxidation) first
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Write a “ + “ sign after the first symbol (just like in a math equation)
__________________________________________________________________________
3. Write the symbol of the nonmetal (negative oxidation) next
__________________________________________________________________________
4. Write a “
“ after the second symbol
__________________________________________________________________________
5. Write the first symbol, followed by the second symbol
__________________________________________________________________________
6. Use the criss-cross method to determine subscripts
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
20
Criss-Cross Method
Na + Cl
Na Cl
__________________________________________________________________________
+1
-1
+1
-1
Na + Cl
Na Cl
__________________________________________________________________________
Na1Cl1
Na + Cl
__________________________________________________________________________
Sodium Chloride
__________________________________________________________________________
21
Criss-Cross Method
H
+ O
HO
__________________________________________________________________________
+1
-2
+1
-2
H
+ O
HO
__________________________________________________________________________
H2O
H
+ O
__________________________________________________________________________
Dihydrogen oxide
( water )
__________________________________________________________________________
22