“CORRELATION OF Q – ANGLE WITH
PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER”
Submitted by:
Bhuva Sangita
Chaudhari Jinal
Enrolment no: 12sptpt11010,12sptpt11011
6th semester , July-2015.
Guided by:
Dr. Namrata Chandrala
Assistant Professor,
SOPT, RKU
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled “Correlation of Q-angle with pelvis
width in both gender” has been undertaken and written under our supervision and it
describes the original research work carried out by Ms. Bhuva Sangita & Ms.
Chaudhari Jinal registered at RK University in 6th semester Bachelors of
Physiotherapy.
Signature of Guide
Name: Dr. Namrata Chandrala
Degree: MPT Orthopedics
Designation: assistant professor at RKU
DECLARATION
We hereby certify that we are the authors of this project work. We certify to the best of
our knowledge, our project does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any
proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from
the work of other people included in our project published or otherwise, are fully
acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. We declare that
this is a true copy of our project, including any final revisions, as approved by my project
review committee.
Signature.of candidate
Signature.of candidate
Name: Sangita J Bhuva
Name: Jinal C Chaudhari
Enrolment no: 12sptpt11010
Enrolment no: 12sptpt11011
Date: 16 July 2015
Date: 16 July 2015
Place: RKU, Rajkot
Place: RKU, Rajkot
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
First and foremost we would like to thank our parents Mr.Jinabhai Bhuva and
Ms.
Shobhnaben Bhuva & Mr. Chunilalbhai Chaudhari and Ms. Saraswatiben chaudhari who are
our living Gods_for their valuable support and encouragement, blessing and love which has
always been a source of inspiration and strength in accomplishing this academic task.
Our heartfelt gratitude to almighty God who has guided us this far and to whom goes all the
honor and glory for the successful completion of this study.
We wish to express our regards to our Director Dr. Priyanshu Rathod, School of
Physiotherapy, R.K.University for his whole hearted guidance and meticulous suggestions in the
completion of this work and for all the facilities and support extended to us during this study. We
are extremely thankful for his constant encouragement and inspiration during the course of this
study.
With due respect, we would like to express our sincere thanks to our guide
Dr. Namrata
Chandrala, lecturer of School of Physiotherapy, R.K.University, for her judicious information,
expert suggestions, valuable guidance, continuous support, incessant reassurance during every
stage of this work and interest shown in this dissertation without which this work would not have
been possible.
We would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to lecturer Dr.Kajal Anadkat, for their valuable
guidance, constant help and support throughout this study and all the lecturers of our college
who have taught us and gave their valuable suggestions during the course of the study.
Our sincere thanks to colleagues and friend for taking interest in our study, guiding us
through the path, giving support and motivation during the course of study.
We wish to express our thanks to Mr. Harshal Anjariya our librarian for their timely help in
lending books and journals for our reference all the time.
We shall fail our duties if we don’t acknowledge our Colleagues and Friends for their
suggestions and criticism while assisting in this study.
Last but not the least we would like to thanks all the Individuals in our study without whom this
task would not have been possible.
Our sincere thanks to all the contributors whose names we might have missed but who truly
deserve our gratitude.
We would like to thank once again to all who have helped us all the while.
Signature
NAME: SANGITA J. BHUVA
Signature
NAME: JINAL C. CHAUDHARI
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
1. Q – ANGLE : Quadriceps angle
2. ASIS : Anterior superior iliac spine
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Q angle is the angle subtended by the intersection of a line drawn
from the anterior superior iliac spine to the center of the patella and another line
connecting the centre of the patella to the center of the tibial tuberosity.
Need of the study is to compare the Q angle in both gender.
AIM: Identify relationships between Q angle values and pelvis width in both genders.
METHODOLOGY: 80 volunteers were taken from RK university and a consent form
was taken from all the subjects. Pelvis width was measured by using a measure tape
and Q angle was measured in standing position by using universal goniometer.
RESULTS: The mean value of pelvis width (86.45) & Q angle (16.6) for male and The
mean value of pelvis width (88.27) & Q angle (19.4) for female, it’s indicate the mean
value of pelvis width and Q angle for female is higher as compare to male .
Result showed that there was increase in Q angle with pelvis width in both gender.
CONCLUSION: From the result obtained from our study, we can conclude that, there is
positive correlation between pelvis width and Q angle. when pelvis width increases
there is increase in Q angle.
The mean of pelvis width and Q angle was found to be greater in female in comparison
with the male.
KEY WORDS : Q angle and pelvis width measurement
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SR NO.
TITLE
PAGE NO.
1
LIST OF TABLE
I
2
LIST OF GRAPH
II
3
LIST OF FIGURES
III
4
INTRODUCTION
1
5
NEED OF THE STUDY
4
6
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
6
7
HYPOTHESIS
8
8
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
10
9
METODOLOGY
12
10
RESULT
18
11
DISCUSSION
26
12
CONCLUSION
30
13
SUMMARY
32
14
BIBLIOGRAPHY
34
15
ANNEXURES
36
LIST OF TABLE
Sr no.
Page no.
10.1
Shows strength of association
21
10.2
Mean value of pelvic width and Q angle for male and
23
female
10.3
r value of pelvis width and Q angle for male and
24
female
I
LIST OF GRAPH
Page no.
Sr no.
10.1
Pie chart of gender distribution
22
10.2
Mean value for pelvic width and Q angle
23
10.3
r value for pelvic width and Q angle for female
24
10.4
r value for pelvic width and Q angle for male
25
II
LIST OF FIGURE
Sr no
Page no.
4.1
Figure of Q angle
3
9.1
Material used in the study
15
9.2
Procedure of measuring Q angle
17
III
INTRODUCTION
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
INTRODUCTION
An understanding of the normal anatomical and biomechanical features of the
patellofemoral joint is essential to any evaluation of knee function. One important
concept in patellofemoral joint function is the quadriceps femoris muscle angle, better
known as the "Q angle.” [1]
The Q angle is the angle subtended by the intersection of a line drawn from the ASIS
to the center of the patella and another line connecting the centre of the patella to the
center of the tibial tuberosity. This angle, which has been defined by Hungerford and
Barry as the acute angle formed by the vector for the combined pull of the quadriceps
femoris muscle and the patella tendon. The standard normal range for male and female
angle is a controversial topic[1].
To date, a consensus of the normal range has not been met. One range that has
been used is 15 – 20 for female and 13 – 18 for male (Williams & wilikins,1997)[1].
It has been found that female consistently have large Q angle than male due to
anatomy of pelvis[1].
The female pelvis is broader causing the ASIS to sit more lateral and form an
increased angle as compared to the male pelvis. Theoretically, a higher Q angle
increases the lateral pull of the quadriceps femoris muscle on the patella and
potentiates patellofemoral disorders. Anatomical alignment of the lower extremity has
been proposed as a risk factor for lower extremity injuries, in particular, knee injuries [1].
2
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
Among these lower extremity alignment variables, the Q angle has been frequently
studied; Excessive angulation is thought to predispose individuals to injuries caused by
abnormal quadriceps forces acting at the knee and patellofemoral joints [1].
The clinical value of measuring the Q angle, however, is more controversial sinc
there is no specific correlation between patellar symptomatology and an increased Q
angle. [2]
H.H. Huberti proved that tendofemoral contact of Q angle at higher angles of
flexion carries the significant fraction of the total contact force, reducing the load on the
patella. Both increase and decrease in Q angle lead to more non uniform pressure
distribution with higher peak stresses and unloading of other areas. [3]
FIGURE: 4.1
Livingstone LA et al demonstrated that though the 3 skeletal landmarks define the
Q angle yet the location of the patella within the quadriceps tendon leads to alteration in
the magnitude of the angle when the characteristics of the quadriceps musculature
Changes. [4]
3
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
NEED OF THE STUDY
4
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
NEED OF THE STUDY
1. To obtain and analyze the data set for male and female, and to determine the
normal values of Q angle in male and female.
2. To compare the Q angles in both genders.
5
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
6
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
AIM & OBJECTIVES
1. To find out normal values for Q angle in a young healthy individuals.
2. Identify relationships between Q angle values and pelvis width in both genders.
7
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
HYPOTHESIS
8
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
HYPOTHESIS
 Null hypothesis:

There is no significant correlation between pelvis width and Q angle in normal
population.
 Alternative hypothesis:

There is significant correlation between pelvis width and Q angle in normal
population.
9
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
10
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
1. R. P. Grelsamer, A. Dubey, C. H. Weinstein(2005) reported that male and
female of equal height demonstrated similar Q angles, with taller people having
slightly smaller Q angles. The slight difference in Q angles between male and
female can be explained by the fact that male tend to be taller.
2. Insall cites James (2003) (personal communication) as a source for a normal
value of 15 degrees, with 20 degrees and greater being abnormal for both male
and female.
3. Livingston LA. (1999) The Q angle: a review of the literature. Q angles are
larger in symptomatic vs. asymptomatic or that they are equal in the right vs. left
lower limb. However, larger mean values are consistently observed in groups of
young adult females vs. young adult males.
4. Davies and Larson (1989) do not state a range for normal values, but they do
describe Q angles greater than 20 degrees as excess.
5. Horton MG, Hall TL.(1989) Quadriceps femoris muscles angle: normal values
and relationships with gender and selected skeletal measures stated that female
have larger Q angles than male ,but they fail to provide clinicians with an
anatomical explanation or new predictor of Q angle.
6. Yates and grana (1986) reported that if increased Q angle indicate the presence
of pathological lateral forces on the patella and if women do have greater Q
angle then male, female could be at greater risk than male for developing
patellofemoral joint problems.
7. Hvid et al cite James (1979) as a source for normal limits of 15 degrees in male
and 20 degrees in female. No documentation or explanation is offered for this 5degree difference between sexes.
11
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
METHODOLOGY
12
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
METHODOLOGY
Study design :- Cross section observational study design.
Sample size :- 80 subjects.
Sampling technique :- Convenient sampling.
Statistical test :- Pearson correlation test.
Data collection :- R.K University, Rajkot.
13
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION
INCLUSION CRITERIA
1. Individual with the age between 18 to 35 years.
2. Individual who is willingly enter the study and have signed the consent form.
3. Individual who qualify in the assessment form.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA
1. Who have had undergone any kind of past hip, knee injury and surgery.
2. Who have had fractures of hip and knee or have history of any other hip – knee
injury.
3. Congenital knee disorders.
4. Previous patellar dislocation.
14
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
MATERIALS USED IN THE STUDY

Pen

Paper

Scale

Inch tape

Goniometer

Assessment form

consent form
FIGURE: 9.1
15
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
METHOD
Person position : standing, so that normal weight bearing stress are included.
Therapist position : sitting position.
The Q angle is estimated as the acute angle between:1) The line connecting the lateral most part of the ASIS and the midpoint of the patella
(Representing the line of pull of the combined quadriceps femoris musculature) and
2) Midpoint of patella is estimated by marking the borders of the patella and apex and
taking the center point of the markings.
3) The line connecting the tibial tubercle with the same reference point on the patella. In
this study measurement of the Q angle is taken in standing position with the knee fully
extended, but not hyper extended, during measurements.
4)The pelvic width of all subjects will be measured with inch tape in standing position
only.
16
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
Q angle was measured with a 180 degree universal goniometer. Patient were
positioned standing with both feet parallel, toes pointing forward. The center of patella,
tibial tuberosity and ASIS were marked. The pivot of the goniometer was placed on the
center of the patella. One arm was placed on a line connecting to ASIS to midpoint of
patella and second arm was placed on the line connecting to tibial tuberosity to midpoint
of patella. The angle between them is Q angle.
FIGURE: 9.2
17
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
RESULTS
18
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
This data is primary data, which I collected with the help of Personal interviews and
Observation of people. The data were analyzed with the:
(a) Microsoft Office XL worksheet
(b) Pearson correlation Test
(c) Scatter Diagram
The tools and technique used for this research project are as under:
(a) Microsoft Office XL worksheet
This primary data, which have been collected with the help of Personal interviews and
Observations of people is recorded in the Microsoft Office XL worksheet for easy
calculation and graphical presentation by scatter diagram.
(b) Pearson correlation test:
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN TWO CONTINUOUS
VARIABLES
Many statistical analyses can be undertaken to examine the relationship between two
continuous variables within a group of subjects.
Two of the main,
1. To assess whether the two variables are associated. There is no distinction
between the two variables and no causation is implied, simply association.
2. To enable the value of one variable to be predicted from any known value of the
other variable.
One variable is regarded as a response to the other predictor (explanatory) variable and
the value of the predictor variable is used to predict what the response would be.
By drawing a scatter plot it is possible to see whether or not there is any visual evidence
of a straight line or linear association between the two variables.
19
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
No assumptions are made about whether the relationship between the two variables is
causal, i.e. whether one variable is influencing the value of the other variable;
correlation simply measures the degree to which the two vary together. A positive
correlation indicates that as the values of one variable increase the values of the other
variable increase, whereas a negative correlation indicates that as the values of one
variable increase the values of the other variable decrease.
The standard method (often ascribed to Pearson) leads to a statistic called r, Pearson’s
Correlation coefficient. In essence r is a measure of the scatter of the points around an
underlying linear trend: the closer the spread of points to a straight line the higher the
value of the correlation coefficient; the greater the spread of points the smaller the
Correlation coefficient.
Given a set of n pairs of observations (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (xn, yn) the formula for the
Pearson correlation coefficient r is:
r=Σ(X-Ẍ)(Y-Ῡ)/{Σ(X-Ẍ)²*Σ(Y-Ῡ)²}½
Where:
r = Pearson r correlation coefficient
n = number of value in each data set
Xi or X= X-observations of a subject (In this study, X= pelvis width ( cm )
Yi or Y= Y-observations of a subject (In this study, Y = Q angle
Ẍ=average of X-observations of a subject
20
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
Ẍ =average of Y-observations of a subject
Σ = sum of the products of paired scores
The two variables can be measured in entirely different units.
There are guidelines to interpreting Pearson's correlation coefficient as under.
The following guidelines have been proposed:
Coefficient, r
These values are guidelines and whether an association is strong or not will also
depend on what we are measuring.
TABLE NO: 10.1
Strength of Association
Positive
Negative
Sma1
0.1 to 0.3
- 0.1 to -0.3
Medium
0.3 to 0.5
- 0.3 to -0.5
Large
0.5 to 1.0
- 0.5 to -1.0
These values are guidelines and whether an association is strong or not will also
depend on what we are measuring.
Assumptions of pearson correlation test :-
I. Pearson r correlation, both variables should be normally distributed.
II. Other assumptions include linearity and homoscedasticity.
III. Linearity assumes a straight line relationship between each of the variables
in the analysis and.
IV. Homoscedasticity assumes that data is normally distributed about the regression
Line.
21
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
(c) Scatter Diagram:
The correlation coefficient is a measure of the degree of linear association between two
continuous variables, i.e. when plotted together, how close to a straight line is the
scatter of points.
 Pie chart of gender distribution
male
50%
female
50%
GRAPH:10.1
22
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
 Normal Q angle values and ranges were established by calculating the
mean for male and female.
TABLE NO: 10.2
Measures
Mean(male)
Mean(female)
Number of subject
Pelvis width
86.45
88.27
40
Q angle
16.6
19.4
40
GRAPH:10.2
Comparison of Q angle with pelvis width in gender
Interpretation:
The above graph suggests that the mean value of Q angle and pelvis width for females
is higher than males.
Thus we can conclude the Q angle increases with the increase in pelvis width.
23
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
The r value of pelvis width and Q angle for male & female
TABLE NO: 10.3
Gender
r value
Correlation
Strength of
association
Female
0.05
Positive
Small
Male
0.26
Positive
Small
Scatter diagram:Graph-1: The r value of pelvis width and Q angle for female is 0.05. Which indicates
positive correlation and the strength of association is small.
x= Pelvis width (cm)
Y= Q angle
Q
a
n
g
l
e
Pelvis width (cm)
((cm)
Graph 1
GRAPH: 10.3
24
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
Graph-2: The r value of pelvis width and Q angle for male is 0.26. Which indicates
positive correlation and the strength of association is small.
.
x= Pelvis width (cm)
Y= Q angle
Q
a
n
g
l
e
Pelvis width (cm)
Graph 2
GRAPH:10.4
Correlation of Q angle with pelvic width for male
Thus the study indicates the small positive correlation between pelvis width and Q
angle.
25
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
DISCUSSION
26
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
DISCUSSION
From this study indicates that the value of Q angle increases with increase in pelvis
width. There are a few articles that support this study.
Normal Q-angle values and ranges were established by calculating the mean and
standard deviation for each group: male, female, and the entire sample. The Microsoft
office XL worksheet software system was used to calculate a Pearson product-moment
correlation matrix between measures of pelvis width and Q- angle. On calculating it was
found that there is increase in Q- angle with increase in pelvis width. The study by
Horton and Hall (1989) supports our study and it suggests that the relationships
identified between Q angle and the anatomical measurements were no longer
significant when the effect of gender was eliminated. The results substantiate the belief
that female have larger Q angles than male, but they fail to provide clinicians with an
anatomical explanation.[1]
The study by Lori Livingston (1988) also suggest that young adult female have greater
mean Q angles than their male counterparts, with differences in magnitude ranging from
2.7 to 5.8" and 3.4 to 4.9" when measured with the quadriceps relaxed in the supine
and standing positions, respectively. Similar studies among those symptomatic for
patella femoral problems are rare, yet they also demonstrate that female have Q angles
which are anywhere on average from 2.0 to 8.5" greater than male. [5]
Hvid and Andersen , moreover, reported an 8.0" difference in median Q angle values
between male(12") and female (20") suffering from patella femoral pathologies. Only
two groups of investigators reported no statistically significant differences in mean Q
angles between the male and female subjects ; however, the obsemtion of greater
values for females was still observed. No studies were found in which the mean Q angle
in young adult males was larger than that reported for young adult female. The disparity
in mean Q angles between male and female is expected, given the observed trends in
corresponding minimum and maximum values. In those instances where the minimum
and maximum Q angles for each sex are reported, researchers consistently observe
higher minimum Q angles in healthy females (2.510") than in healthy males (O- 8.0") .[6]
27
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
Similar reports of minimum and maximum Q angle values by sex among those suffering
from knee pathologies are rare. However, the results for two such studies indicate that
while minimum Q angles (0") were similar between the sexes, female patella femoral
pain sufferers displayed significantly greater maximum Q angles (29-30") than did their
male counterparts . Interestingly, these minimum and maximum value trends are exactly
opposite to those found in individuals devoid of knee pain. While the differences in
mean, minimum, and maximum Q angle values between the sexes are welldocumented, the reasons for the dis- parities are less clear. Many propose that larger Q
angles in women are attributable to their wider gynaecoid pelvis in comparison with the
narrower android pelvis of male. A wider pelvis would create more lateral proximal
reference points for the Q angle measure and necessitate a more valgus orientation of
the knee on weight bearing to reestablish a mechanical axis through the hip, knee, and
ankle . Considerable evidence is available, however, to discount the notion that female
have wider pelvis than male. Indeed, absolute pelvis widths expressed as measures of
biiliocristal . bitrochanteric , or ASIS breadths are very similar in both sexes. Empirical
investigations , moreover, have failed to demonstrate significant relation- ships between
pelvis width and Q angle measures in male or female. [1, 7]
According to Atwater the gross misconception of a relationship between these two
variables is perhaps the product of two factors, that is, an apparent disregard of existing
pelvis breadth data and a failure by many to distinguish correctly between measures of
absolute pelvis breadth and relative values of the same, expressed as a percentage of
height or other breadths.[5]
Alternate explanations as to why females have greater Q angles than male are
speculative at best. Horton and Hall, building on the work of earlier theorists, explored
the that shorter femurs in female could increase the valgus of the lower limb and
increase the Q angle. Their results, however, were inconclusive. It has also been
proposed that quadriceps training through involvement in physical activity and sports
may alter the magnitude of the measured Q angle. Further research is needed,
however, to either validate or invalidate this notion. [1]
28
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Study was limited only in campus of RK university

Small sample size
FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS

Further study can be conducted by taking different age groups.

Large sample size can be used.
29
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
CONCLUSION
30
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
Conclusion
From the results it can be concluded that, there is positive correlation between pelvis
width and Q angle . when pelvis width increases there is increase in Q angle.
The mean of pelvis width and Q angle was found to be greater in female in comparison
with the male.
31
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
SUMMARY
32
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
SUMMARY

The Q –angle is the angle form between a line connecting the ASIS to the mid
point of the patella and a line connecting the tibial tubrosity and the midpoint of
the patella. after fulfilling the inclusion criteria and obtaining an informed consent
subject was selected for that study. age between 18 to 35 years . The patient
was assessed Q- angle of right limb were taken with the help of measure tap with
goniometer. The result was formed with the help of software names Microsoft
office XL worksheet. The result shows that if pelvis width increases Q – angle
also increases.
33
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
BIBLIOGRAPHY
34
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Horton MG, Hall TL. Quadriceps femoris muscles angle: normal values and
relationships with gender and selected skeletal measures. PhysTher. 1989;
69:897 -901.
2. R.P. Grelsamer, A. Dubey , C.H. Weinstein: Male and female have similar Q
angles. A clinical & trigonometric evaluation.J of bone & joint surgery 2005; 87-B
498-501.
3. Aparnasarkar et al : effect of isometric quadriceps activation on “Q angle” in
young female. Indian J of pharmacalm2009; 53(3)
4. Livingstone L, Mandigo JL. Bilateral within subject Q angle symmetry in young
adult females and males. Biomed SciInstum 1997; 33:389–398
5. Livingston LA. The quadriceps angle: a review of the literature. J Orthop Sports
PhysTher. 1998;28:105-109.
6. Hvid I, Anderson IB, Schmidt H: Chondromalacia patellae: The relation of
abnormal joint mechanics. ActaOrthopScand 1981,52:661-666
7. Guerra JP, Arnold MJ, Gajdosik RL: Q angle: Effects of isometric quadriceps
contraction and body position. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1994 19(4):200-204
35
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
ANNEXURES
36
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
ANNEXURE 15.1
CONSENT FORM
STUDY TITLE: “CORRELATION OF Q ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH
GENDER”
Subject’s Name:
Age
: ____________Years
Sex:___________
Address of the Subject___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
I have been explained in details about the various questions/tests that will be
asked/performed is to assess my functional capacity & health status etc. I have also
been explained that all the tests are non-invasive and without any side effect.
I understand that my participation in the study is voluntary and that I am free to withdraw
at any time, without giving any reason, without my medical care or legal right being
affected.
I understand that the data obtained through the study may be used for research paper
publication and I also understand that my identity will not be revealed at any cost. I
agree to give my consent for taking my photograph and have no objection against it.
I agree to take part in the above study
Signature / Thumb impression of the subject
------------------
Date:
Name of Witness:___________________________________________
Signature of the Witness: ____________
Signature of Investigator
-------------------
Date:
37
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
ANNEXURE 15.2
DATA COLLECTION FORM
DEMOGRAPHIC DATA:
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Height:
Weight:
HISTORY:
1 Have you had a diagnosed knee disorder? YES or NO
2 Have you ever injured your knee? YES or NO
3 Are you bothered by knee pain? YES or NO
4 Have you ever have undergone any hip-knee surgery? YES or NO
MEASUREMENTS:
Pelvis width:
Q angle (RT)
38
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
MASTER CHART
SR.
NO
AGE
GENDER
PELVIS
WIDTH(cm)
Q- ANGLE
1
21
Male
87.5
15
2
20
Male
87
18
3
21
Male
83
11
4
21
Male
99
15
5
20
Male
94
22
6
19
Male
90
12
7
20
Male
87
15
8
21
Male
93
18
9
21
Male
99
10
10
21
Male
94.5
12
11
18
Male
82
17
12
19
Male
78
12
13
19
Male
80
13
14
20
Male
86
16
15
19
Male
86
19
16
20
Male
90.5
18
17
19
Male
83.5
21
18
20
Male
86
20
19
19
Male
86
19
20
22
Male
90.5
18
21
21
Male
83
16
39
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
22
22
Male
85
20
23
21
Male
96
19
24
22
Male
86
18
25
21
Male
84
17
26
22
Male
100
20
27
22
Male
79
12
28
18
Male
72
12
29
21
Male
86
19
30
21
Male
81.5
19
31
20
Male
87
15
32
20
Male
81
18
33
21
Male
91
19
34
20
Male
77
18
35
20
Male
78
16
36
21
Male
90
20
37
20
Male
103
20
38
19
Male
77
15
39
20
Male
81
16
40
19
Male
78
14
40
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
SR.
NO
AGE
GENDER
PELVIS
WIDTH (cm)
Q-ANGLE
1
20
Female
86.5
25
2
19
Female
81
22
3
20
Female
90
20
4
20
Female
88
20
5
20
Female
80
15
6
20
Female
85
19
7
21
Female
82
21
8
21
Female
78
23
9
20
Female
85
18
10
18
Female
94
19
11
21
Female
86
20
12
21
Female
91
21
13
22
Female
83
15
14
20
Female
84.6
19
15
20
Female
85
20
16
22
Female
93
14
17
22
Female
119.3
20
18
21
Female
77.5
25
19
21
Female
91
21
20
21
Female
99
20
21
19
Female
70
20
22
19
Female
79
20
41
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
23
19
Female
88
14
24
21
Female
88
18
25
21
Female
73
21
26
21
Female
95.5
21
27
20
Female
71
17
28
21
Female
99.5
19
29
21
Female
85
18
30
20
Female
92.5
20
31
20
Female
82
15
32
21
Female
111
19
33
18
Female
87
17
34
19
Female
101
20
35
19
Female
81
16
36
20
Female
83.5
22
37
19
Female
115
23
38
21
Female
97
19
39
21
Female
84
22
40
21
Female
89
18
42
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
43
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER
44
CORRELATION OF Q- ANGLE WITH PELVIS WIDTH IN BOTH GENDER